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Over hele Europa er det tydelig at dagens jordbrukspraksis ikke lenger er bærekraftig, og at jordbrukssystemene må endres for å opprettholde matproduksjonen og samtidig ivareta det biologiske mangfoldet, økosystemene og de mange fordelene de gir samfunnet.

En løsning på dette er agroøkologi. Agroøkologisk jordbruk har til felles å utnytte naturlige økologiske prosesser for å gjøre jordbruk mer bærekraftig. Dessverre, til tross for mye forskning på agroøkologisk jordbrukspraksis, er bruken av dette svært begrenset i Europa.

I SAFER-prosjektet vil et stort team av europeiske forskere jobbe på tvers av et nettverk med seks 'levende laboratorier', det vil si at gårder i drift på tvers av Europa vil iverksette agroøkologisk praksis. Ved samarbeid på de involverte gårdene, vil bønder, forskere og andre interessenter sammen bidra til økt kunnskap om agroøkologi. Det vil gi mer kunnskap om de landbruksmessige, miljømessige og sosialøkologiske fordelene, samt de mulige avveiningene mellom ulike fordeler.  

Teamet fra Universitetet i Bergen, ledet av prof. Peter Manning, vil være en viktig bidragsyter i prosjektet. De skal oppskalere data fra prosjektet på felt- og gårdsnivå til hele landskap, og simulere endringer i gårdspraksis ved å bruke en kombinasjon av samfunnsvitenskap, fjernmåling og matematisk modellering. Dette vil gi prognoser for hvordan konsekvenser av landsbruksstrategier på landskapsnivå påvirker hele systemet, fra bønder til lokale interessenter. 

Sluttproduktet vil være detaljert kunnskap om hvordan ulike økologiske praksiser påvirker bønder, bygdesamfunn og om hvilke strategier som øker bærekraftig produksjon og flerfunksjonalitet i europeiske jordbrukslandskap. Ved aktiv involvering av bønder og andre interessenter gjennom hele forskningsprosessen, tar vi også sikte på å øke relevansen og bruken av de identifiserte løsningene.

Agroecology offers an opportunity to reconcile agricultural production with human well-being across Europe. However, despite significant evidence that agroecological farming reduces the environmental footprint of agriculture, agroecology is struggling to expand across Europe. This limited adoption emerges from a limited understanding of the cross-disciplinary impacts (agronomic, ecological, economic and social dimensions) of upscaling agroecological farming and recent social unrest following the deployment of agroecological policies indicates that there is an urgent need to address this issue. In addition, a major challenge for agroecology is that no single agroecological practice is suitable for all contexts. Instead, practices need to be targeted and adapted to local socio-ecological contexts, with a strong involvement of stakeholders. Addressing such challenge implies a paradigm shift towards co-design in research and innovation in agroecology.

SAFER will address these challenges by mobilizing a European network of 6 Living Labs distributed across contrasting regions and social-ecological systems, in a multidisciplinary approach. We will: (i) co-design best suited agroecological practices adapted to local social-ecological conditions via a participatory approach that actively involves stakeholders; (ii) quantify the multiple agronomical, environmental and socio-economic benefits and risks of scaling up these agroecological practices from the field to the landscape scale using a similar landscape-scale design across Living Labs; (iii) forecast the whole-system consequences of landscape-scale strategies for farmers and local stakeholders; (iv) identify how local policies, stakeholder demands and the Living Lab methodology can enhance or limit the expansion of agroecological practices

Work at UiB will concentrate on modelling work in (ii) and (iii) but will contribute to all aspects.

AGROECOL 1 SAFER Strengthening Agricultural landscape multiFunctionality through expansion of agroecological farming in EuRope (SAFER)

Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

Crustacean sentience (the capacity of this group to experience emotions) has sparked a heated debate across multiple disciplines, particularly as it could impact several major sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture. The outdated argument that animals do not experience negative emotions (such as pain) because they lack conscience, has been proven wrong for vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g. octopus), but remains controversial for crustaceans. There is evidence of criteria consistent with the idea of pain, as crustaceans have and activate nociceptive pathways, but there is no evidence of the neural pathways integrating the responses nor the demonstration of the awareness thereafter. This is partly due to the ‘dispersed’  central nervous system (CNS) these animals present, with multiple ganglia, but no ‘brain’ as a focal point. To overcome this, MACS aims to apply new technology to measure 9 simultaneous nerve signals (8 ganglia and the heart) to fully understand the nociceptive pathways and how are they integrated in crustaceans’ CNS. This approach will tackle the principle of triangulation by (1) The development of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the nervous system of commercially important crustacean species; (2) the characterization of pain and stress through physiological and molecular animal-based indicators; and (3) the evaluation of behaviour and its neurological integration pathway.  As such, this multidisciplinary study will only be possible through a combination of my crustacean stress physiology background, my supervisor’s knowledge of the central nervous system anatomy, and my second supervisor's expertise in aquatic species' EEG. The outcome of this fellowship will range from CNS studies to validate current industrial practices (during a non-academic placement), to socio-economic impacts involving the society's concern for animal welfare. The knowledge and skills gained from this project will allow me to become an independent researcher.

Multidisciplinary Assessment of Crustacean Sentience

Tørre øyne er en multifaktoriell betennelsessykdom karakterisert av en ustabil tårefilm, som oftest grunnet nedsatt kvalitet av tårefilmens ytre fettlag produsert av modifiserte talgkjertler i øyelokkene. Grunnet de mange underliggende årsakene til tørre øyne blir mange forskjellige behandlinger og behandlingskombinasjoner ofte brukt. Dette kan være både økonomisk krevende og slitsomt for pasienten. Dette prosjektet tar sikte på å strømlinjeforme, optimalisere og individualisere behandlingstilbudet til forskjellige undergrupper av tørre øyne basert på maskinlæring og prediksjonsmodeller.

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation, decreased tear production and/or tear film instability due to dysfunction of the lipid producing glands of the eyelids. As a result, a multimodal treatment approach is often initiated, addressing several pathological clinical signs and modifiable risk factors concomitantly. This is often time consuming, financially expensive and exhausting for the patient. Interpreting signs and symptoms of dry eye disease and making accurate predictions as to which patient will respond which treatment or combination of treatments difficult. With the current project we aim to improve clinical decision making by:
1. Through machine learning and prediction models delineate which group of patients are most likely to benefit from either IPL or cyclosporine in monotherapy, and which patients are most likely to require dual therapy.   	
2. Construct prediction model protocols to streamline and individualize IPL protocols based on prognostic factors and prediction analysis of treatment outcomes. This is especially applicable in relation to demodex eradication, as demodicosis remains fairly treatment refractory to date and is readily involved in the pathophysiology of MGD. Thus, it is of utmost interest to streamline the current treatment options and, hopefully, contribute to an expanded repertoire of efficacious eradication methods in the future. 
3. Contribute to the lack of standardized treatment regimes, recommendations and guidelines concerning IPL treatment. Evaluate the optimum number of treatments and treatment intervals as well as the need for concomitant heat mask and eyelid massage.

Clinical predictors of treatment response in dry eye disease

Prosjektets hovedmål er å forbedre kunnskapsgrunnlaget rundt ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, samt om og hvordan dette kan hjelpe aktører til å samarbeide bedre for å løse de små og store utfordringene samfunn står ovenfor i tiden fremover.

Prosessledelse kan defineres som ferdigheter i å lede mennesker gjennom prosesser mot felles mål på en måte som fremmer deltakelse, eierskap og kreativitet fra alle involverte. Styrkebasert vil si at man har tatt inspirasjon fra positiv psykologi i ledelsesutviklingen, fokuserer på hva som allerede fungerer og personlige styrker - der personlige styrker vil si noe en person har potensial til å bli god i, og samtidig får energi av. 
Prosjektet søker å utvikle kunnskapen rundt ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, om det har en målbar effekt på viktige psykologiske og organisatoriske faktorer, samt forutsetninger for mulig effekt. Det at flere og flere ledere, mellomledere, prosjektledere, koordinatorer, rådgivere og andre som utfører ledelse både med og uten personalansvar velger å investere i kompetanse innen styrkebasert prosessledelse gjør det desto mer relevant å lære mer om dette.

Det vil jobbes med å undersøke psykologiske og organisatoriske faktorer i team og organisasjoner til ledere som deltar på ledelsesutvikling - både før og etter. Det planlegges å sammenligne disse med ledere som ikke har fått trening. Prosjektet har tre studier: et som undersøker effekt og forutsetninger på individnivå, et på gruppenivå og et på organisasjonsnivå. Her undersøkes om lederes kompetanseheving fører til for eksempel økt jobbengasjement for teammedlemmene, økt psykologisk trygghet i teamet, eller bedre tverrfaglig samarbeid og resultater for organisasjonen.

Prosjektet forventes å ha direkte virkninger på endringer i kompetanse, atferd og praksis. Endringen i kompetanse kan endre atferd, som igjen kan føre til ny forbedret praksis med hvordan man samarbeider og skaper resultater og løsninger.

Formålet med prosjektet er å bedre hjelpe aktører der ute i det norske arbeidsliv til å samarbeide bedre for å løse de små og store utfordringene samfunnet vårt står ovenfor i tiden fremover. Måten dette prosjektet skal undersøke dette på er ved å utvide og utvikle kunnskapen rundt den potensielle effekten av ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, samt hva som er forutsetningene for når dette eventuelt har en positiv effekt. 
Prosessledelse kan defineres som ferdigheter i å lede mennesker gjennom prosesser mot felles mål på en måte som fremmer deltakelse, eierskap og kreativitet fra alle involverte. Styrkebasert vil si at man har tatt inspirasjon fra positiv psykologi i ledelsesutviklingen, fokuserer på hva som allerede fungerer og personlige styrker. Personlige styrker vil si noe en person har potensial til å bli god i, og samtidig får energi av.
Dette er relevant i det norske samfunnet i dag både på grunn av de store utfordringene det norske samfunnet står ovenfor i tiden fremover. Det at flere og flere offentlige ledere, mellomledere, prosjektledere, koordinatorer eller andre med ledelse uten personalansvar velger å investere i kompetanse innen styrkebasert prosessledelse/fasilitering gjør det enda viktigere å lære mer om dette.

Ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse - potensielle effekter og nytte i norsk arbeidsliv

Verifying the therapeutic potential of newly discovered siRNA drug candidates for treating acute leukemia.

Universitetet i Bergen (UiB) og Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) lanserer NorHTE, en ny nasjonal plattform hvor kjemiske eksperimenter kan gjennomføres med høy gjennomstrømming (eng. HTE). HTE bruker avansert robotikk for å automatisere og kontrollere kjemiske eksperimenter og prosesser, noe som muliggjør raskere og mer pålitelig forskning sammenlignet med tradisjonelle manuelle metoder. NorHTE vil være en to-delt fasilitet delt mellom UiB og NTNU. UiB-noden vil tilby fasiliteter for batch-HTE, hvor robotsystemer utfører sekvenser av kjemiske eksperimenter og prosesser på en lignende måte som en menneskelig kjemiker, mens NTNU-noden vil tilby verktøy for flow-HTE, hvor reagenser strømmer gjennom en serie kjemiske moduler. Begge nodene vil tilby omfattende muligheter for sanntidsanalyse og optimalisering av kjemiske reaksjoner, ved bruk av kunstig intelligens for å muliggjøre oppdagelsen av nye molekyler og materialer for elektronikk, katalyse, medisin, diagnostikk, energiteknologi og mange andre anvendelsesområder. Et kjennetegn ved NorHTE er at det tilbyr fasiliteter for kjemisk produksjon i mellomskala, ved bruk av flow-reaktorer for å produsere opptil 1 kg fine kjemikalier per dag.

This application seeks to establish a new national infrastructure platform (NorHTE) that will furnish Norway’s academic and industrial research communities in chemistry and related sciences with state-of-the-art hardware for high-throughput experimentation (HTE) and manufacturing. By offering a fast, automated and quality-assured alternative to error-prone manual methods, NorHTE will accelerate the discovery of new molecules and materials for multiple application areas, including electronics, catalysis, therapeutics, diagnostics and energy generation and conversion.
The proposed infrastructure – the first of its kind in Norway – will comprise four platforms for (i) batch-chemistry, (ii) flow-chemistry, (iii) real-time analysis and optimisation, and (iv) scale-up. By combining automation, chemometrics and machine learning, NorHTE will allow Norwegian scientists to carry out large-scale chemical experiments of far wider scope than is currently feasible, leading to superior products and/or more efficient synthesis routes. The UiB node will consist of two robotic systems for aerobic and anaerobic batch synthesis, and a system for automated purification. The NTNU node will comprise a suite of flow modules for in-line reaction, purification and scale-up. Both nodes will be furnished with extensive in-line instrumentation for reaction monitoring, and will allow for automated feedback-driven searches in which the reaction conditions are repeatedly updated to improve e.g. yield or materials properties. The distinguishing feature of NorHTE which sets it apart from other HTE facilities worldwide is the inclusion of infrastructure for intermediate-scale chemical synthesis up to the 1-kg/day level, providing users with a complete solution that encompasses both chemical discovery and chemical manufacturing.

Norwegian Open Laboratory for High-Throughput Experimentation and Scale-up

Doktorgradsprosjektet dreier seg om å utvikle neste generasjon autonome borerigg. Denne maskinen opererer i tunneler og gruver globalt, og brukes til å bore hull i en "drill and blast" operasjon når tunnelen eller gruven drives videre innover i fjellet.

Boreriggen har 3 armer, som alle har hvert sitt bor. Disse kan kjøres på samme tid til forskjellige borehull. Det vil bli utviklet et system som kjører bommene automatisk til de ønskede borehull uten å kollidere med hverandre. Dette vil senke tidsbruken for operasjonen. Systemet vil også estimere riggens oppstilling relativt til tunnelen. Ønskede borehull, som defineres i en boreplan, vil sees i sammenheng med riggens oppstilling, for å sikre at de faktiske hullene som bores er i henhold til plan. 

Prosjektet vil danne et godt grunnlag for at maskinen får selvkjørende egenskaper, som bidrar til økt effektivitet og en sikrere hverdag for operatørene.

Hensikten med prosjektet er å utvikle neste generasjon autonome borerigg. Maskinen vil muliggjøre en mer effektiv, sikker og miljøvennlig boreoperasjon.

Autonom borerigg

Antimikrobiell resistens (AMR) er en alvorlig trussel mot folkehelsa som er spådd å bli verre i fremtiden. En av de vanligste metodene som bakterier bruker for å kunne stå imot antibiotika, er å skaffe resistensgener. Disse sitter ofte på noen DNA-deler som heter plasmider. Plasmider som bærer resistensgener er vanligere i kliniske miljøer enn samfunnet ellers, og det å forstå hvorfor vi har denne forskjellen er svært viktig for å forstå hvordan resistente bakterier sprer seg. Men plasmider utvikler seg raskt, og kan spre seg mellom forskjellige bakteriestammer. Derfor er det vanskelig for oss å klassifisere og overvåke dem. I PEAK skal vi benytte oss av nye sekvenseringsteknologier og utvikle nye metoder for å forske på hvordan plasmider utvikler seg og sprer seg, med fokus på den viktige sykdomsfremkallende bakterien Klebsiella pneumoniae. Vi skal utvikle nye metoder for å klassifisere plasmider og analysere de genetiske forskjellene mellom plasmidgrupper. Deretter skal vi bruke disse plasmidgruppene til å forske på hvordan plasmider sprer seg mellom forskjellige miljøer og typer Klebsiella. Så skal vi utføre detaljerte analyser av de genetiske endringene som driver utviklingen av plasmider. Målet er å bruke de nye metodene og kunnskapen til å forbedre overvåkning, både av AMR Klebsiella pneumoniae og andre bakteriestammer.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global threat to human health which is predicted to increase in the future. One of the most common ways that bacteria evolve resistance to antibiotics is by acquiring AMR genes; these are often carried on small pieces of DNA called plasmids. Understanding the mechanisms and conditions that promote AMR dissemination via plasmids is critical, but several knowledge gaps remain. AMR is unevenly distributed among environments, whilst the highest levels of AMR are typically found in clinical environments, the risk of AMR acquisition from environmental and animal settings remains less clear. Plasmids are important vectors for the transmission of AMR between environments, but plasmid evolution is complex, and lack of appropriate data and methods has to date largely precluded high-resolution study and surveillance of plasmids in most major pathogens.

In PEAK, we will use two newly generated long-read sequencing datasets to study the evolution and transmission of plasmids and AMR genes in Klebsiella. By combining the datasets, consisting of 1594 isolates from diverse one-health sources, we will establish a unique collection of hybrid assemblies, including thousands of complete plasmids. Next, we will develop novel methods to quantify the genetic structure and diversity of plasmids. By combining this information with genetic variation in the isolate chromosomes and metadata, we will then perform phylogenetic and association analyses to disentangle AMR distributions among environments. This will enable us to identify high-risk environments for AMR transmission, followed by detailed evolutionary analyses to gain insight into the tempo and mode of plasmid evolution, and how chromosomes coevolve with plasmids.

The overarching aims of PEAK are to uncover the drivers and mechanisms of the acquisition and maintenance of AMR, with the ultimate goal of enabling use of this knowledge to design interventions to combat the spread of AMR in the future.

PEAK: Plasmid Evolution and Antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae

I en tid med historisk og fremtidig oppvarming av kloden trenger vi modeller som kan predikere de fremtidige økologiske konsekvensene. For marine system består disse modellene ofte av en global klimamodell knyttet til ulike temperaturdrevne funksjoner som representerer biologiske og fysiologiske effekter. De fleste slike funksjoner er svært generelle og ofte basert på gjennomsnittsverdier på tvers av arter og system. Det er derfor sannsynlig at prediksjonene blir feil for en enkelt art eller region. Dessverre vet vi lite om hvor vanlige slike feil er, ettersom modellene nesten utelukkende brukes til å predikere fremtiden, og så godt som aldri fortiden.
I denne søknaden plukker vi ut sentrale modell-forventninger og skalerer dem ned til det regionale miljøet for ulike fiskebestander i norske farvann. Forventningene testes og analyseres ved hjelp av eksepsjonelt lange tidsserier, fysiologiske eksperiment og mekanistiske modeller for bioenergetikk og livshistorie.
Foreløpige resultater peker mot at flere fiskearter er mer fleksible, både fysiologisk og adferdsmessig, enn generelle modeller klarer å fange opp. Disse og fremtidige prosjektresultater vil bidra til å lage bedre prediksjoner, og forhåpentligvis også utvide forståelsen vår om hvordan temperatur virker og ikke virker på ulike biologiske prosesser.

In the face of global warming, state-of-the-art eco-physiological theories and their implementation in global models make sweeping predictions that high-latitude fish populations are imperilled from unavoidable physical-physiological mechanisms. These are often rooted in reproductive constraints, and at the base we find two main theories: 

1) The theory of thermal tolerance windows, predicting that spawning fish (with narrow tolerance) will encounter unavoidable thermal bottlenecks in a warming ocean. 
2) The theory of temperature-dependent physiological rates, predicting an unfavourable advancement of fish spawning time, causing offspring to fall out of sync with their zooplankton food – known as trophic asynchrony 

These are predictions, often drawn from controlled laboratory experiments, and in turn extrapolated to global models. But just as downscaling to regional specificities and higher resolution was necessary to improve predictive ability of earth system models, so a similar biological downscaling to particular ecosystems and species is required to assess predictions at the scale relevant for population processes and ecosystem dymanics.

In this project we will downscale these predictive theories for two test species - Atlantic cod and herring, among the best documented fish stocks in the world. Our previous publications and preliminary findings suggest that these species have remarkable plasticity in the timing of spawning, often opposite to that dictated by temperature, and in surprising synchrony with each other and with lower trophic levels.

Here, we pick key expectations from the high-profile literature on biological effects of ocean change and attempt to downscale these to local conditions for key high-latitude fish species using particularly long and detailed timeseries of biological data, remote sensing, high-resolution water column processes, individual behavioural observations, and biological models of bioenergetics and life histories.

Regional downscaling of eco-physiological theory. 
Confronting global predictions with local observations.

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Midlene fra SIPHINIFES-SIP ved HI fordelt på år

Midlene fra SIPHINIFES-SIP ved HI fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra SIPHINIFES-SIP ved HI fordelt på fagområde

Principal scintist

This strategic initiative aims to improve our understanding of the trophic interactions, food web structure and function, and energy flow in the Barents Sea ecosystem. Important aspects of the initiative are to strengthen theoretical and practical competence in, and develop methodology with emphasis on integration of field work, quantitative ecological analyses and integrated assessment of the Barents Sea ecosystem that is part of ecosystem based management.
The TIBIA carried out field work in 2015-2016 and collected 30,000 fish stomach from 70 fish species. Analyses of collected stomach samples were carried out in 2017-2018, while the results were prepared for scientific publication in 2018-2019. The first article of five planned described the collection effort, methodology, fish diet 68 species and publish the data. Results can be used directly in ecosystem models. The project carried out significant collection of isotope samples for studying trophic interactions. Analyses of stable isotopes are time consuming and over 900 isotope samples from 101 species were analysed. A Postdoc scholar has prepared manuals for collecting and processing of samples and analysed the extensive data material. We have created a complete set of literature-based trophic levels for 595 species and identified stable isotope-based relative trophic positions for key species. 
WP3 has investigated the dynamics of the phyto- and zooplankton in time and space in the Barents Sea over the last three decades using satellite data and in-situ measurements and observations. Ph.d. research fellow studied the connection between zooplankton distribution and grazing conditions for pelagic fish using the IMR database (over 30 years). We have also made a summary of zooplankton studies of HI in the Barents Sea since 1979 and have compared catchability with different plankton nets (use in IMR and PINRO). 
WP5 studied the influence of parasites on the structure of the Barents Sea ecosystem food web. To do this, a through a large network of collaborators, an extensive survey for parasites in fish and benthic and pelagic invertebrate host species has been carried out, and unpublished data on parasites of marine mammals has been made available to the project. Several parasitological papers are being written up, including descriptions of the more than 10 species new to science that have been found during the project. From this, papers are being written on methods for assessing food web structure and on applications and challenges of food web ecology and modelling for marine resource management. Together with the parasite data, stomach and isotopes data have been used to improve our estimate of the Barents Sea food web topology. This has provided the basis for exploring variation in food web topology in time and space. 
Cod is important both economically and ecologically and stocks are currently at a historically high level with a very wide spatial distribution. WP6 studied the dynamics and ecological role of cod in the ecosystem and explained how cod has been able to maintain the large stock size and individual growth over the past decade. This knowledge also has implications for the potential carrying capacity of cod stock in the Barents Sea during climate change.
Integration of TIBIA results is done by creating a budget for biomass distribution for species and groups as a basis for estimating production, food needs and consumption for various components of the ecosystem. The aim is to use this to assess trophic structure and efficiency and the ecosystem's carrying capacity at various trophic levels through some ten years of climate change, heating and ice loss. The Barents Sea is divided into 15 polygons new time series have been established. These compound data with time series are used to create reviews of biomass distributions for species and groups and combined with results from studies of diet and stable isotopes (WP2 and 5) and general information from the literature on diet, growth and turnover, this will form the basis for schematic overviews (box models) of trophic structure in the Barents Sea. Another synthesis work in WP1 has been to analyse patterns in time (interannual) and space for the pelagic compartment of the ecosystem that provides the food resources for the rest of the ecosystem. Much of the dynamics of the ecosystem is driven by variable recruitment, and we analysed temporal and spatial variations in the 0-group fish for six species will relation this to climate variability in order to elucidate this in relation to physical environment, trophic interactions in the ecosystem.
The TIBIA together with SI-Arctic has assigned the special issue in Progress in Oceanography to summarize results. WGIBAR is an important channel for dissemination of TIBIA results and new knowledge into management-directed work aimed to contributing to the implementation of ecosystem approach to management.

By aiming at improving our understanding of trophic interactions, food web structure and functions and energy flow in the Barents Sea, this Strategic Initiative (SI) addresses core needs arising from implementation of the ecosystem approach to management  in the Barents Sea as well as in other Norwegian waters. Important aspects of the initiative are to strengthen the theoretical and practical competence in, and develop methodology for trophic studies, with emphasis on integration of field sampling, experi ments, quantitative ecological analyses and ecosystem modeling. Four work packages will address key aspects and processes in the Barents Sea ecosystem: Carrying capacity and energy flow through the food web (WP 3), pelagic-benthic coupling in 3 selected r egions (WP 4), food web structure and dynamics in time and space (WP 5), and dynamics and role of a key species, Atlantic cod, in the Barents Sea ecosystem (WP 6). A separate work package will deal with development of a sampling program needed to carry ou t these studies (WP 2). This will also give input to plans for the data gathering required when the results of the SI are to be implemented in practical ecosystem based management. A separate work package contains the management and coordination of the SI  and will be responsible for literature reviews, synthesis of the results from all work packages including modeling, and delivering input to integrated ecosystem assessments (WP 1).

Trophic interactions in the Barents Sea - steps towards an Integrated Ecosystem Assessment

Direct costs of brain disorders make up for 60% of the total costs – which EBC estimated at 800 bln€/year in Europe. At European level, this health budget far exceeds that of cardiovascular diseases, brain diseases and diabetes together. ALAMEDA will research, develop and exploit the next generation of personalized AI healthcare support systems that improve the rehabilitation treatment of Parkinson’s, Multiple Sclerosis, and Stroke (PMSS) patients. Stemming from very specific clinical use cases, ALAMEDA will develop user-friendly solutions that will be designed and evaluated on the principles of value-based health. The consortium brings together established medical research teams, AI researchers, medical software vendors and healthcare market experts to demonstrate AI-based personalised prediction, prevention, and intervention approach in three (3) real world pilots. Liaisons have been established with projects MULTI-ACT and IDEA-FAST and the carefully structured workplan, embodies an integrated and harmonized approach with active patients’ engagement towards meeting the ALAMEDA objectives and delivering market-relevant outcomes of significant exploitation potential.

Bridging the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Gap of Brain Diseases via Smart, Connected, Proactive and Evidence-based Technological Interventions

A novel smart grid architecture that facilitates high RES penetration through innovative markets towards efficient interaction between advanced electricity grid management and intelligent stakeholders

Future smart grids require the effective interaction between energy markets and electricity grid management systems in order to introduce new services and mitigate risks introduced by high RES penetration. FLEXGRID envisages the orchestration and integration of: i) advanced electricity grid models and tools, ii) flexibility assets’ management tools, and iii) data analytics and accurate forecasts of the various markets and RES production, in order to guarantee cost-effective and stable electricity grids. Towards this end, FLEXGRID project proposes a holistic future smart grid architecture able to accommodate high RES penetration through the advancement, interaction and integration of: i) innovative models that are based on recent advances in game theory in order to quantify and highly improve the trade-off between the various future energy markets’ requirements (Real Time, Efficient, Strategy Proof, Competitive, Scalable, Fair and Privacy Protecting) and guarantee, theoretically and in practice, the “fairness” of the equilibrium points that energy markets reach, ii) grid system models that use optimization theory to achieve more efficient market clearing and Optimal Power Flow (OPF) algorithms to achieve scalability, in a way that must also be Low Overhead, Multi-period, Robust and Network Upgrade Planning Aware, and iii) innovative Business Models through the use of artificial intelligence, which can be exploited by modern Energy Service Providers (ESPs) and RES Producers (RESPs) to achieve economic and operational benefits through their efficient interaction with FLEXGRID’s advanced markets and electricity grid models. FLEXGRID will help: i) DSOs/TSOs manage safely and at low cost their electricity grid by interacting with ESPs and RESPs through novel flexibility market procedures, ii) modern ESPs become more competitive and sustainable,and iii) RESPs optimally compose and exploit their production in a risk-averse manner by making their RES generation dispatchable.

Today’s First Responders (FR) are using technology of the past. During their primary mission of saving lives and preserving society’s safety and security, FRs face a multitude of challenges. In both small scale emergencies and large scale disasters, they often deal with life-threatening situations, hazardous environments, uncharted surroundings and limited awareness. Threats and hazards evolve rapidly, crossing municipalities, regions and nations with speed and ease. Armouring public safety services with all the tools that modern technology has to offer is critical. Such tools holistically enhance their protection and augment their operational capacities, assisting them in saving lives as well as ensuring their safe return from the disaster scene. INGENIOUS will develop, integrate, test, deploy and validate a Next Generation Integrated Toolkit (NGIT) for Collaborative Response, which ensures high level of Protection & Augmented Operational Capacity to respond to the disaster scene. This will comprise a multitude of the tools and services required: 1) for enabling protection of the FRs with respect to their health, safety and security; 2) for enhancing their operational capacities by offering them with means to conduct various response tasks and missions boosted with autonomy, automation, precise positioning, optimal utilisation of available resources and upgraded awareness and sense-making; 3) for allowing shared response across FR teams and disciplines by augmenting their field of view, information sharing and communications between teams and with victims. The NGIT armours the FRs at all fronts. The NGIT will be provided at the service of the FRs for extensive testing and validation in the framework of a rich Training, Testing and Validation Programme – of Lab Tests (LSTs), Small-Scale Field Tests (SSTs) and Full-Scale Field Validations (FSXs) – towards powering the FR of the future being fully aware, fully connected and fully integrated.

The First Responder (FR) of the Future: a Next Generation Integrated Toolkit (NGIT) for Collaborative Response, increasing protection and augmenting operational capacity

Development of a Decision Support System for Improved Resilience & Sustainable Reconstruction of historic areas to cope with Climate Change & Extreme Events based on Novel Sensors and Modelling Tools

HYPERION aims to introduce a research framework for downscaling the created climate and atmospheric composition as well as associated risk maps down to the 1x1 km (historic area) scale, and specific damage functions for Cultural Heritage (CH) materials. Applying atmospheric modelling for specific Climate Change (CC) scenarios at such refined spatial and time scales allows for an accurate quantitative and qualitative impact assessment of the estimated micro-climatic and atmospheric stressors. HYPERION will perform combined hygrothermal and structural/geotechnical analysis of the CH sites (indoor climate, HVAC, related strains and stresses, etc.) and damage assessment under normal and changed conditions, based on the climatic zone, the micro-climate conditions, the petrographic and textural features of building materials, historic data for the structures, the effect of previous restoration processes and the environmental/physical characteristics of the surrounding environment. The data coming from the integrated monitoring system will be coupled with simulated data (under our holistic resilience assessment platform-HRAP) and will be further analysed through our data management system, while supporting communities’ participation and public awareness. The data from the monitoring system will feed the DSS so as to provide proper adaptation and mitigation strategies, and support sustainable reconstruction plans for the CH damages. The produced vulnerability map will be used by the local authorities to assess the threats of CC (and other natural hazards), visualize the built heritage and cultural landscape under future climate scenarios, model the effects of different adaptation strategies, and ultimately prioritize any rehabilitation actions to best allocate funds in both pre- and post-event environments. The project outcomes will be demonstrated to four European historic areas in Norway, Spain, Italy and Greece (representing different climatic zones).

ACTivating resource efficiency and large databases in the CLOUD

Despite their proliferation as a dominant computing paradigm, cloud computing systems lack effective mechanisms to manage their vast amounts of resources efficiently, leading to severe resource waste and ultimately limiting their applicability to large classes of critical applications that pose non-moderate resource demands. This creates a significant need to lift existing technological barriers of actual fluidity and scalability of cloud resources towards promoting cloud computing as a critical cornerstone for digital economy.  ACTiCLOUD proposes a novel cloud computing architecture for drastically improved management of cloud resources, targeting 1.5x increase in resource efficiency and more than 10x in scalability. By utilizing modest investments on hardware intelligence that enables true resource disaggregation between multiple servers, we will progress current state-of-the-art in hypervisors and cloud management systems promoting holistic resource management at the rack scale and across distributed cloud sites. On top of this, we will evolve the ecosystem around in-memory databases, a core component for extremely demanding and highly critical classes of applications that up to now have faced severe difficulties in matching their resource requirements with state-of-the-art cloud offerings, with a final goal to provide cost-efficient and highly performant DataBase-as-a-Service (DBaaS) cloud platforms.  ACTiCLOUD builds on top of cutting-edge European technologies for cloud servers brought into the project by Numascale and Kaleao, and extends OnApp's MicroVisor, an innovative hypervisor to virtualize resources at the rack-scale. Furthermore it joins the forces of highly acclaimed academic institutions to address key research challenges and extend the capabilities of OpenStack and JVM. Finally, it applies the foreseen innovation to MonetDB, the column-store database pioneer, and Neo4j, the world-leader in graph databases.

0 projects

H20-HEALTH-Health, demographic change and wellbeing

Bridging the Early Diagnosis and Treatment Gap of Brain Diseases via Smart, Connected, Proactive and Evidence-based Technological Interventions

Awarded: NOK 6.8 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2023

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

H20-ENERGY-Secure, clean and efficient energy

A novel smart grid architecture that facilitates high RES penetration through innovative markets towards efficient interaction between advanced electricity grid management and intelligent stakeholders

Awarded: NOK 11.0 mill.

Project Period: 2019-2022

Location: Akershus og 2 andre

H20-SECURITY-Secure societies - Protecting freedom and security of Europe and its citizens

The First Responder (FR) of the Future: a Next Generation Integrated Toolkit (NGIT) for Collaborative Response, increasing protection and augmenting operational capacity

Awarded: NOK 5.1 mill.

Project Period: 2019-2023

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

H20-ENV-Climate action, environment, resource efficiency and raw materials

Development of a Decision Support System for Improved Resilience & Sustainable Reconstruction of historic areas to cope with Climate Change & Extreme Events based on Novel Sensors and Modelling Tools

Awarded: NOK 9.1 mill.

Project Period: 2019-2022

Location: Telemark og 2 andre

H20-LEIT-LEIT-ICT-Information and Communication Technologies

ACTivating resource efficiency and large databases in the CLOUD

Awarded: NOK 6.2 mill.

Project Period: 2017-2019

Location: Oslo