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Tjenesterettet FoU

Bridging the Gap is a collaboration project led by NTNU with partners from KLP Eiendom, NCC Bygg, Multiconsult, Pir2 AS. It investigates the development of digital platforms and particular digital twins in terms of organizational issues such as diverse practice perspectives of what is a digital twins based both on cultural and disciplinary perspectives. It considers standards as both influential but also unclear in terms of aiding digitalization as there are many and different disciplines use of different standards which has the potential to lead to information inconsistency. Collaboration and cultural issues are important as all practices across the industry must cooperate in order to create consensus in what are digital twins and what processes lead to good data exchange at different points of the lifecycle. The future is important and strategizing for digitalization today and for next 10 to 30 years needs consideration if buildings are to be represented both in a digital format and a physical format as building life-cycle is often calculated to be at least 50 years. The work centers around a case study Teknostallen which is a partially renovated and new building project due to be complete in 2025. The building is highly technologically developed with aim of being BREEAM excellent and WELL platinum. The case study enables research to ground ideas being developed over the last 2 and half years. Key findings from this work are as follows:
Barriers, possibilities and benefits in digitization for facility management
•	The industry must work together to achieve the future visions, but the future vision is difficult to achieve without real collaboration efforts. 
•	The industry has no uniform definition of what a digital twin is, and there is a lack of a definition for digital twins that everyone can agree on
•	The advantages of digital twins for facility management are obtaining real-time information, preparing services and effective decision-making processes, while the challenges relate to resource-intensive maintenance of the twin, information management, change management/resistance and organizational culture.
Standards for information, data capture and storage for FDV/FM and use
•	The ongoing building phase shift in the implementation process for digital platforms indicates a significant increase in competence regarding standards in the industry.
•	There is a lack of an overarching method for the implementation of central standards that will create the basis for increase competence. 
•	The need for expertise is most pressing on the part of the building owner who is viewed as responsible to develop the technology and create a demand in the market.
Process /Organization/ Information
•	Use of a tool in Bridging the Gap where companies involved in the Teknostallen project evaluated each other on culture and collaboration. The results of this evaluation opened up dialogue on collaboration efforts and expectations different companies had of each other and how to proceed. One criticism was that this evaluation occurred at close to a key milestone of Teknostallen project and would have been more valuable to have engaged a tool earlier in the building project process 
FM needs of today and the future
•	New norms originating in a sustainable outlook are pushing for increased data quality beyond lifecycle thinking for data delivery.
•	IT competence vs. disciplinary competence and skills are often discussed, but the balance of what should be prioritized is not clear. 
•	Aligning Facility Management practices with digital platforms has the potential to increase integration of different systems but is reliant on organisations having digital strategies for facility management. 
•	Within a workshop with facility managers from Multiconsult and KLP the central influence of the user in the shaping of data and application was highlighted
•	Key data needs in the above mentioned workshop and an additional facility management network survey are data environmental awareness and material cataloging particular for material reuse as well as environmental certifications.
Below is some edited comments from some of the industry partners of Bridging the Gap: 
Multiconsult's participation in the research project is anchored in the company's management through Multiconsult's internal routines for decisions and prioritization of efforts within R&D (Multiconsult) 
Good cooperation with all the actors in the Teknostallen project, where we get to see that experience and knowledge from operation must be the basis for all the actors in the project, especially in an early phase, and that efficient operation is largely about being able to use good models from the project . (KLP Eiendom Trondheim)
The distinction between phases for development - construction - facility management must be overcome in the understanding of building projects by all parties (Pir 2 AS)

As the project aim to examine the development of digital twins from the perspective of FM feeding back to design and construction, WP1 takes a starting point of examining barriers, possibilities and benefits in digitization / digital twin for to FDV / FM and use both from the FM discipline and in the broader AEC perspective and examining these barrier, possibilities and benefits in the context of the reference project(s). WP2 will go deeper in terms of mapping the standards that are currently available for data handover and where they fit in terms of application of FM specific standards as well as standards linked to Digital Twins. WP3 will examine the collaboration process of coordinating data within the reference project(s) and defining a framework on how collaboration can occur for digital twin through feedback and feedforward loops which can be further systematized in LCA. WP4 will examine FM use  and non use of data as well examining the scope of linking databases using in FM which will lead to strategizing for digital twins.
Research will be conducted through key research partners, engaging students within relevant courses and master thesis and through the research focused work of PhD/Research assistant- all in partnership with non-research organizations.
 
The research questions will lead to the following innovative solutions:  
•	Mapping of relevant standards for data handover and interoperability 
•	Identifying gaps in standards that need to move toward digital twins for FM linking to LCA 
•	Process framework on feedback and feedforward loops from operation to design for knowledge exchange and systematic participation (focus on LCA)
•	Roadmaps for digitalizing FM (FM 2.0) toward 2030 and 2050
•	Strategies for FM toward further digitalisation and digital twins

Bridging the gap – information management platforms across the lifecycle of buildings

Schools of tomorrow
The project "Schools of tomorrow - an interplay between architecture, pedagogy and the process of learning" has, through case studies, developed empirical knowledge about how schools' physical environments are used and experienced by different users, and how user experiences correspond with the goals and assumptions of education. The final report "Schools of tomorrow. Space for learning, play and development", presents results from the project within four topics: area use and layout, pedagogy, light and sound. The selection of case schools in " Schools of tomorrow" reflects what the four partner municipalities Tromsø, Trondheim, Bergen and Nordre Follo consider to be role models for their own school planning. The schools that have been selected have all elements that the individual municipalities will draw experience from in future projects.
The study shows that the school's physical environment affects learning, teaching, results and well-being for teachers and students, and the qualities of the building will influence the teaching. Pedagogy, architecture, and design, have - as disciplines, defined much of the current research on schools` physical environment, but the research has been fragmented. Interdisciplinarity have been requested. There was a great need for research on the connections between physical design and the process of learning.
The project includes four work packages. Within the work package “pedagogy and school buildings”, three studies have been carried out to build research-based knowledge about the use and experience of the school building, and how to create an inclusive physical learning environment for all. In this work package, a systematic mapping of recent research in the field has been carried out.
Furthermore, in the work package “Area use and layout”, we have conducted empirical research on the selected case schools in the participating municipalities, with the aim of capturing students’ and teachers’ experiences of the physical school environment.
The lighting study in the work package “Light” emphasizes the importance of a thoughtful daylighting design, which is not only in accordance with the building requirements, but which sees daylighting design as an area where several factors come into play. Daylighting design in school buildings should take into account the different activities that take place in the learning areas. Daylighting design may contribute to health, well-being and learning.
The work package on “Sound”, investigates how the auditory environment affects students’ learning and well-being. The study has investigated acoustic properties in school buildings, primarily on room lay outs that we expect to be most relevant in the years to come. One type of noise with limited focus in earlier research, is activity noise from the students themselves, which must increasingly be taken into account when arranging for different activities within the same learning space.
A changed view of children and young people, learning, and students` and teachers` roles, requires a different way of teaching and other spaces to teach in, which invite for more interaction. We have given the importance of the connection between changes in social and working life and what competencies the school should equip students with, more awareness. New curricula are always a result of societal developments and new needs, and these plans provide guidelines for both teaching methods and learning areas.
“Schools of tomorrow” shows how important the interaction between architecture and pedagogy is in creating good school facilities. The design of school facilities is a complex process with many factors. A well-worked space and function program is of great importance.
The individual school project must be planned in collaboration with users. Good participatory processes within a defined frame, is a good starting point for functional school facilities in both a pedagogical and spatial sense.
School buildings should facilitate flexibility, elasticity, and generality. We know that school operations are constantly changing with regard to legislation, knowledge of influencing factors and operating methods. Schools of tomorrow must therefore meet future needs, also with regard to changes and variations in student numbers. Elasticity is important because group sizes can vary in accordance with the learning session and learning goals. 
The Education Act and school practice must be based on values that unite Norway as a society. Architecture is a powerful tool where the choice of solutions for buildings and outdoor spaces affects the social sustainability of the local community and can contribute to achieving important societal goals.
Findings from the research project "Tomorrow's Schools" have resulted in recommendations that may contribute to functional and valuable solutions for students and teachers, and learning environments, architecture and pedagogy that can meet the needs of the future.

Morgendagens skoler skal legge til rette for fysiske løsninger og læringsformer som stimulerer til elevenes trivsel, motivasjon og lærelyst. Skoleanleggene må støtte læring av den kompetansen som vi trenger i fremtiden og legge til rette for et variert læringsmiljø. Nye skolekonsepter skal sikre at skoleanlegg planlegges, bygges og driftes til det beste for samfunnet. 

Prosjektets hovedmål er å gi ny og økt kunnskap om betydningen av det fysiske læringsmiljøet for pedagogikk og utdanningskvalitet. Innovasjonen i prosjektet er knyttet til koblingen mellom pedagogiske mål og hvordan bygningenes fysiske utforming kan bidra til å nå disse målene.

Prosjektets arbeid er derfor strukturert i fire arbeidspakker:
H1 Areal & plan
H2 Pedagogikk 
H3 Tekniske løsninger
H4 Rom for læring

Pedagogikk og lærersamarbeid er i endring, og man ønsker i større grad enn før mer variasjon i undervisningsformene og dermed også mer variasjon i den fysiske organiseringen. Gjennom casestudier i de 4 partnerkommunene; Tromsø, Trondheim, Bergen og Nordre Follo, skal prosjektet utvikle forskningsbasert, empirisk kunnskap om hvordan skolers fysiske miljøer brukes og oppleves av forskjellige brukere, og hvordan dette svarer på opplæringas mål og forutsetninger. Gjennom prosjektet skal vi peke på konsekvenser for fremtidig utvikling av nye konsepter for skolebygg.

Kunnskapen skal bidra til tverrfaglig samhandling mellom oppvekstenhet og planleggingsenhet i kommunene, systematisere erfaringer med forsøk samt illustrere forbilder og eksempler til inspirasjon for andre. Verdiskapingspotensialet for kommunene er knyttet til å sikre læringsarenaer som støtter og bidrar til å realisere pedagogiske mål og god skoledrift. Systematisering og spredning av erfaringer kan bidra til å redusere kostnader ved å velge riktige løsninger for framtidens behov og unngå fordyrende ombygginger.
Prosjektet vil evaluere de gode eksemplene, slik at erfaringer og kunnskap kan pløyes inn i planleggingen av morgendagens skoler.

Morgendagens skoler – Et samspill mellom arkitektur, pedagogikk og læring

2 projects

INNO-NAERING-INNO-NAERING

Bridging the gap – information management platforms across the lifecycle of buildings

Awarded: NOK 9.7 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2026

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

INNO-OFF-INNO-OFF

Morgendagens skoler – Et samspill mellom arkitektur, pedagogikk og læring

Awarded: NOK 6.0 mill.

Project Period: 2020-2025

Location: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa