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Co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective

CoBioPovCli addresses the question of how to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty, and mitigate climate change simultaneously, which are interrelated challenges that threaten human and environmental well-being. The importance of this topic is highlighted by the current context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, which have exacerbated these problems and their impacts on human and environmental well-being. The main gaps in this topic are: (1) lack of comprehensive data, especially on the dynamics of socio-ecological systems, (2) lack of integrated knowledge, and (3) lack of holistic approaches that consider co-benefits and synergies. CoBioPovCli aims to overcome the limitations and gaps in the current state-of-the-art by developing an integrated spatial planning approach that can achieve win-win synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective.  CoBioPovCli will use literature, models remote sensing data, and other data sources to construct and apply the spatial planning approach, based on case studies, spatial analysis and scenario simulation. CoBioPovCli will generate new knowledge, data and solutions that are conceptually novel, scientifically rigorous and policy-relevant. It will enhance our understanding of the multiple values of biodiversity and its contributions to human well-being under changing climatic conditions. It will provide evidence-based recommendations and best practices for promoting more integrated and sustainable approaches that benefit both people and the planet. CoBioPovCli will also enhance Europe’s scientific and technical capacity and excellence in the field of co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation, as well as contribute to Europe’s global leadership and influence in addressing these interlinked challenges.

Potential nUtrient release from deglaciating Land Surfaces to downstream Ecosystems (PULSE)

Glacier retreat is escalating in response to amplified Arctic warming. This exposes large areas of new glacier forefield to seasonal freeze-thaw, wetting-drying cycles and variable oxygen conditions. These physical changes dramatically alter biogeochemical cycling in previously glaciated sediments, facilitating soil and vegetation development in the 21st century. Arctic streams are well-known suppliers of the key nutrient nitrogen (N) to N-limited fjords and coasts, which host lucrative fisheries. However, the influence of glacial retreat and associated soil development on N release to streams, thus fjords and coasts, is a complete unknown. The PULSE project aims to quantify the impact of Arctic glacier forefield exposure on soil N cycling and export to coastal marine environments, and how they are influenced by time since deglaciation, local geology and freeze-thaw cycling. In PULSE, I will measure N release from a field scale chronosequence in a Sub-Arctic glaciated catchment and quantify the forefield soil N contribution to river N runoff. I further use a “space for time” approach to simulate future climate conditions for High Arctic forefield sediments, thus predicting future High Arctic forefield N release. This highly interdisciplinary project combines my background in soil biogeochemistry with glacier hydrochemistry at the Arctic University of Tromsø (UiT). UiT is the ideal host for me to gain new analytical chemistry and modelling skills in order to establish how future glacier retreat will shift sources of riverine N transport to downstream fjords and coasts. A secondment to the Norwegian Polar Institute will additionally expand my scientific expertise and network to include marine monitoring stakeholders directly using my results. PULSE will, therefore, provide a high-impact, first quantification of future potential proglacial soil N leaching across Sub-Arctic to High Arctic climates, which will inform future ecosystem management policies in the Arctic.

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

Beyond the current: Improving European flowing waters in an era of global change

BEYOND will train the next generation of water professionals who will deliver scientific and technological innovation across disciplines, institutions and countries needed to solve European water quality problems in an era of global change. In the last decade, some improvement in understanding of water pollution has been achieved but there are still significant knowledge gaps, especially in the context of climate change and emerging contaminants, coupled with a lack of systems approach and operational tools required by water management. To address water quality pressures, we need to better target heterogeneity in the land-water continuum, accounting for recipient-specific sensitivity to pollution pressures and the spatial and temporal variation in sources, pathways, and impacts on stream ecology and ecosystem services, now and under future climatic conditions. BEYOND will equip Researchers with critical technical and communication skills needed to provide evidence-based management of landscapes and river networks under current and future conditions. They will gain expertise in interdisciplinary catchment science, novel high-resolution water quality sensors and models, gain access to cutting-edge water quality instrumentation in experimental catchments in Europe and through secondments to SMEs, and skills in citizen science. BEYOND Researchers will become leaders in innovation and knowledge exchange needed to achieve water quality improvements, through effective interactions with public and private stakeholders during secondments and short visits.

Innovative electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Versatile Feedstock

ICO2NIC will couple developments in polymer membrane-based CO2 capture technology with a novel Gas Diffusion electrochemical cell for CO2 to formic acid conversion. Valorisation of formic acid via innovative biological processing routes will deliver high value products and materials.  By making CCU (carbon capture and utilization) profitable, the ICO2NIC approach will enable global emitters to capture and valorise waste CO2, paving the way for a significant reduction in global emissions. The ICO2NIC consortium will form a complete value chain, from CO2 emitter (TUPRAS), to end users (TUPRAS, P&G), inclusive of carbon capture and purification (CPT), electrochemical conversion (AVT), and downstream processing (B.Fab, NPI). This industrial representation will enable validation of an integrated business model that has the potential to deliver a viable economic model for all parties (without external financial aid). Leading RTOs will support the integration of RES through digital monitoring and control systems (IDE), and confirm the cost efficiency, environmental performance and scalability of the proposed concept through development of a robust TEA and process design (SINTEF) and LCA (TNO); paving the way for capture of 6.45 Mt of CO2 from TUPRAS’ refineries by 2040, and up to 75 Mtpa CO2 in the EU refinery sector in the long term. 

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

Building decentralIsed, DistributEd And Local micro-GRids for dEcarbonisation Electrification challeNge

The IDEAL4GREEN project addresses the urgent challenges of climate change and the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. It focuses on developing and integrating microgrids, which are crucial in managing the variability of renewable resources and achieving decarbonisation targets. The project aligns with the EC's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 by empowering energy communities and optimising local supply and demand. The project proposes a comprehensive doctoral training network aimed at developing skilled engineers with interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral expertise. This network diverges from conventional university-based research, maintaining strong industry links and emphasising practical implementation. IDEAL4GREEN consists of 8 beneficiaries and 11 partner organisations, recruiting 15 doctoral candidates to undertake research on microgrids' planning, design, operation, control, and impact assessment. The research encompasses innovative frameworks and methodologies for integrating microgrids and transforming traditional grids into sustainable energy systems. This includes developing advanced control algorithms, cybersecurity, improving mechanisms for microgrid islanding and reconnection, and enhancing the resilience and reliability of interconnected microgrid systems. The project also explores the planning, policy, and economic feasibility of interconnected grids and microgrids. It emphasises creating complete and integrated microgrid design frameworks, utilising integrated energy system modelling, and investigating regulatory policies. In terms of training, the DCs will engage in a mix of academic and industrial experiences, including secondments and networking meetings, ensuring their exposure to both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The training program covers various aspects, such as advanced technical skills, collaborative communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability.  

Contentious Politics and Democratic Renewal in Sustainability Transitions

Trans4Demo is an evidence-based and impact-driven set of actions to address contentious politics arising from climate change and sustainable transitions. These conflicts are seen as a critical challenge for democratic systems, and their importance is expected to grow in the future. Authoritarian tendencies and right-wing populism have weakened social cohesion, making large parts of EU populations less willing to change their practices and hindering responses to climate challenges.  The main objective of the project is to investigate the role and evolution of diverse forms of opposition and contentious politics of sustainability transitions, and their impact on democracy. We aim at delivering the temporality-sensitive conceptual framework, practical understandings, and policy recommendations to assist in democracy reinvigoration. By exploring these intersections, we identify specific scientific, consensus-based, and politically normative goals that political communities in diverse European contexts could pursue. Empirically, throughout the project, we will (1) focus on practical understandings of the role of various bottom-up mobilizations against the populist backdrop, (2) identify novel sites of constructive democratic engagement, and (3) address the role of trust in the democratic process, including the validity of electoral processes. Building on this, (4) we will provide sound, research-based policy recommendations that balance bottom-up and top-down perspectives for democratic renewal.  To achieve these targets, we will employ triangulated and participatory methodologies, including case studies and future-oriented methods, developed in collaboration with societal actors involved in the project—from the initial design of the research agenda to fieldwork and dissemination activities.

NASTRAN: Numerisk Analyse av Stokastisk TRANsport

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fagområde

Professor

Prosjektet har som mål å utforske og utvikle matematiske og numeriske metoder for å analysere stokastiske transportligninger. Disse ligningene er essensielle for å forstå hvordan tilfeldige fluktuasjoner (støy) påvirker dynamiske systemer som turbulens, vannbølger, geofysiske strømmer, og kompressibel væskebevegelse. Transportligninger er en type partielle differensialligninger som brukes til å modellere bevegelse og spredning av størrelser som masse, energi eller kjemiske stoffer i et medium. Disse ligningene tar hensyn til hastighetsfeltet, som beskriver retning og hastighet av bevegelsen i mediet. Ved å inkludere stokastiske elementer i disse modellene, kan vi ta høyde for tilfeldige påvirkninger eller støy som oppstår i systemet. Dette er avgjørende fordi mange naturlige og industrielle prosesser er utsatt for uforutsigbare faktorer, som kan ha innvirkning på deres dynamikk. Prosjektet fokuserer på gradientstøy, hvor hastighetsfeltene påvirkes av støy. Dette muliggjør energibevarende løsninger, noe som er ønskelig i fluidmekanikk. Energibevaring refererer til prinsippet om at den totale energien i et lukket system forblir konstant over tid, selv om den kan endre form. Konvensjonelle tilnærminger legger til såkalt Itô støy i kildeledd, noe som kontinuerlig tilfører energi. Gradientstøy krever avanserte matematiske verktøy for å håndtere dens komplekse påvirkning på systemene. Vi bruker Stratonovich- og Marcus-type fluktuasjoner for å representere denne støyen i hastighetsfeltene til transportligningene. Prosjektet har som mål å utvikle nye matematiske og numeriske teorier for å håndtere de spesifikke utfordringene som gradientstøy medfører. Vi fokuserer på å forstå superkritiske transportligninger, ikke-lineære bølgeligninger, og kompressibel Navier-Stokes ligninger. Viktige spørsmål er: (1) Har disse stokastiske ligningene en løsning? (2) Er løsningen entydig? (3) Er løsningen stabil ved endringer i inngangsdataene? (4) Hvordan kan løsningen beregnes numerisk?

Our project is at the cutting edge of numerical analysis of SPDEs affected by transport noise. Such equations have emerged as a focal point in mathematical research, due to their critical applications in areas like fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling, and geophysical flows. This heightened interest is driven by the need for deeper understanding and precise analysis of these complex phenomena, where SPDEs offer vital insights and predictive capabilities. What sets our research apart is its emphasis on transport-dominated systems driven by gradient noise operators. Prior numerical analysis studies have explored SPDEs with stochastic forcing, but the examination of gradient noise is still in its infancy. The complexity of gradient noise, involving anisotropic (integro-) differential operators due to stochastic calculus, presents unique challenges. There is a pressing need to develop methods that preserve the hyperbolic structure of these equations. Our project aims to pioneer this field by devising theoretically sound numerical algorithms and creating novel frameworks for stability and convergence. Our work considers supercritical transport equations, nonlinear wave equations, and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Research on stochastic transport equations is inspired by the famous Kraichnan turbulence model, which posits advection through a Gaussian velocity field. Yet, there is a growing consensus that noise in turbulent velocities might be better represented by a Lévy process with jumps. As the second main advancement of our project, we are breaking new ground by pioneering the analysis of SPDEs affected by Marcus-type gradient noise. This area is critically important yet hardly explored, with vast potential for groundbreaking discoveries. Marcus noise is distinct for adhering to the Newton-Leibniz chain rule, which is important in fluid dynamics, unlike the Stratonovich interpretation which fails to do so in the presence of jumps.

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