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CoBioPovCli addresses the question of how to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty, and mitigate climate change simultaneously, which are interrelated challenges that threaten human and environmental well-being. The importance of this topic is highlighted by the current context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, which have exacerbated these problems and their impacts on human and environmental well-being. The main gaps in this topic are: (1) lack of comprehensive data, especially on the dynamics of socio-ecological systems, (2) lack of integrated knowledge, and (3) lack of holistic approaches that consider co-benefits and synergies. CoBioPovCli aims to overcome the limitations and gaps in the current state-of-the-art by developing an integrated spatial planning approach that can achieve win-win synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective.  CoBioPovCli will use literature, models remote sensing data, and other data sources to construct and apply the spatial planning approach, based on case studies, spatial analysis and scenario simulation. CoBioPovCli will generate new knowledge, data and solutions that are conceptually novel, scientifically rigorous and policy-relevant. It will enhance our understanding of the multiple values of biodiversity and its contributions to human well-being under changing climatic conditions. It will provide evidence-based recommendations and best practices for promoting more integrated and sustainable approaches that benefit both people and the planet. CoBioPovCli will also enhance Europe’s scientific and technical capacity and excellence in the field of co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation, as well as contribute to Europe’s global leadership and influence in addressing these interlinked challenges.

Co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective

I en tid med historisk og fremtidig oppvarming av kloden trenger vi modeller som kan predikere de fremtidige økologiske konsekvensene. For marine system består disse modellene ofte av en global klimamodell knyttet til ulike temperaturdrevne funksjoner som representerer biologiske og fysiologiske effekter. De fleste slike funksjoner er svært generelle og ofte basert på gjennomsnittsverdier på tvers av arter og system. Det er derfor sannsynlig at prediksjonene blir feil for en enkelt art eller region. Dessverre vet vi lite om hvor vanlige slike feil er, ettersom modellene nesten utelukkende brukes til å predikere fremtiden, og så godt som aldri fortiden.
I denne søknaden plukker vi ut sentrale modell-forventninger og skalerer dem ned til det regionale miljøet for ulike fiskebestander i norske farvann. Forventningene testes og analyseres ved hjelp av eksepsjonelt lange tidsserier, fysiologiske eksperiment og mekanistiske modeller for bioenergetikk og livshistorie.
Foreløpige resultater peker mot at flere fiskearter er mer fleksible, både fysiologisk og adferdsmessig, enn generelle modeller klarer å fange opp. Disse og fremtidige prosjektresultater vil bidra til å lage bedre prediksjoner, og forhåpentligvis også utvide forståelsen vår om hvordan temperatur virker og ikke virker på ulike biologiske prosesser.

In the face of global warming, state-of-the-art eco-physiological theories and their implementation in global models make sweeping predictions that high-latitude fish populations are imperilled from unavoidable physical-physiological mechanisms. These are often rooted in reproductive constraints, and at the base we find two main theories: 

1) The theory of thermal tolerance windows, predicting that spawning fish (with narrow tolerance) will encounter unavoidable thermal bottlenecks in a warming ocean. 
2) The theory of temperature-dependent physiological rates, predicting an unfavourable advancement of fish spawning time, causing offspring to fall out of sync with their zooplankton food – known as trophic asynchrony 

These are predictions, often drawn from controlled laboratory experiments, and in turn extrapolated to global models. But just as downscaling to regional specificities and higher resolution was necessary to improve predictive ability of earth system models, so a similar biological downscaling to particular ecosystems and species is required to assess predictions at the scale relevant for population processes and ecosystem dymanics.

In this project we will downscale these predictive theories for two test species - Atlantic cod and herring, among the best documented fish stocks in the world. Our previous publications and preliminary findings suggest that these species have remarkable plasticity in the timing of spawning, often opposite to that dictated by temperature, and in surprising synchrony with each other and with lower trophic levels.

Here, we pick key expectations from the high-profile literature on biological effects of ocean change and attempt to downscale these to local conditions for key high-latitude fish species using particularly long and detailed timeseries of biological data, remote sensing, high-resolution water column processes, individual behavioural observations, and biological models of bioenergetics and life histories.

Regional downscaling of eco-physiological theory. 
Confronting global predictions with local observations.

Solceller (photovoltaics, PV) utgjør på verdensbasis den største bidragsyteren til ny fornybar elektrisitetsproduksjon. Nesten all PV er basert på monokrystallinsk silisium laget med Czochralski-metoden som store ingoter, før de blir kuttet i løvtynne skiver (wafere). NorSun har lenge vært i forkant av utviklingen av høykvalitets monokrystallinsk n-type silisium. I dag er NorSun en av de få gjenværende Europeiske produsentene av monosilisium og wafere.  

Det globale PV-markedet beveger seg i dag mot større dimensjoner på ingot og wafere. I DIAMANT vil vi bruke detaljerte numeriske modeller som beskriver produksjonen av individuelle ingoter, inkludert fysiske egenskaper og kjemiske reaksjoner som forekommer gjennom den mange timer lange trekkeprosessen. Dette vil gi bedre forståelse av krystallvekst og vekstparametere, i tillegg til designet av trekkeovnen. Plasseringen av NorSuns fabrikk i Årdal sikrer en jevn forsyning av grønn elektrisitet med lavt CO2-avtrykk samt kjølevann. Gjennom prosjektet vil resulterende skiver bli behandlet og karakterisert for å verifisere de numeriske modellene og egenskapene til sluttproduktene. Resultatet vil være verdensledende bærekraft og energieffektivitet innen produksjon av solcellewafere.

NorSun is one of the few remaining European producers of monocrystalline ingots and wafers, with production
facilities in Norway. The silicon PV market is trending towards larger wafers sizes where M10 and G12 format wafers
from ingots produced in 36-40” hot zones are increasing most rapidly. Guided by detailed numerical modelling,
DIAMANT will bring together state-of-the-art ingot and crucible dimensions, understanding of growth kinetics and puller design to obtain world-leading sustainability and energy efficiency. Detailed FEM models of the large diameter
pullers will be established, and the physical properties and chemical reactions during the pulling process will be
simulated. The models will be verified towards processing parameters as well as material characterization of the final
product. The increased production volume and the increased yield will improve the overall energy efficiency of the
monocrystalline silicon ingot production.

Increased silicon ingot diameter and enhanced energy efficiency through numerical simulations

Potential nUtrient release from deglaciating Land Surfaces to downstream Ecosystems (PULSE)

Glacier retreat is escalating in response to amplified Arctic warming. This exposes large areas of new glacier forefield to seasonal freeze-thaw, wetting-drying cycles and variable oxygen conditions. These physical changes dramatically alter biogeochemical cycling in previously glaciated sediments, facilitating soil and vegetation development in the 21st century. Arctic streams are well-known suppliers of the key nutrient nitrogen (N) to N-limited fjords and coasts, which host lucrative fisheries. However, the influence of glacial retreat and associated soil development on N release to streams, thus fjords and coasts, is a complete unknown. The PULSE project aims to quantify the impact of Arctic glacier forefield exposure on soil N cycling and export to coastal marine environments, and how they are influenced by time since deglaciation, local geology and freeze-thaw cycling. In PULSE, I will measure N release from a field scale chronosequence in a Sub-Arctic glaciated catchment and quantify the forefield soil N contribution to river N runoff. I further use a “space for time” approach to simulate future climate conditions for High Arctic forefield sediments, thus predicting future High Arctic forefield N release. This highly interdisciplinary project combines my background in soil biogeochemistry with glacier hydrochemistry at the Arctic University of Tromsø (UiT). UiT is the ideal host for me to gain new analytical chemistry and modelling skills in order to establish how future glacier retreat will shift sources of riverine N transport to downstream fjords and coasts. A secondment to the Norwegian Polar Institute will additionally expand my scientific expertise and network to include marine monitoring stakeholders directly using my results. PULSE will, therefore, provide a high-impact, first quantification of future potential proglacial soil N leaching across Sub-Arctic to High Arctic climates, which will inform future ecosystem management policies in the Arctic.

RURALEX addresses the cumulative crisis of environmental expertise across rural Europe and investigates how this relates to broader processes of societal disenfranchisement. In recent years, many rural parts of Europe have struggled with the local effects of large demographic and associated ecological changes, including human out-migration and the abandonment of traditional forms of agriculture and other nature-based livelihoods. These shifts have led to significant losses in what we refer to as “environmental expertise”: loss of knowledge of the land, loss of important traditional practices, loss of tacit expertise about local environments, loss of cultural knowhow. This crisis is at once intangible and deeply impactful. RURALEX will address those profound changes in socio-ecological knowledges and practices, held by both scientific “experts” and lay persons, through long-term ethnographic engagement and deep mapping tools that will be developed collaboratively by the project partners. The project will determine what is being lost and its impact, how these changes take place, and what processes might be put in motion to ensure that local knowledge is adequately valued at the policy-making level. To do so the project draws on multispecies perspectives grounded in anthropology, history, literary, cultural and sound studies, and the environmental humanities. 

RURALEX is a consortium of six universities in Finland, Estonia, Romania, the UK, and Spain, beside Norway, and comparative and collaborative methods will be employed throughout the project.

Knowledge in Crisis: The Dynamics of Environmental Expertise amidst Rural Change

0 projects

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Adult sex ratio variation of Svalbard reindeer in relation to animal density and climate, RIS ID: 6169.

Awarded: NOK 39,999

Project Period: 2013-2015

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Abrupt Holocene cooling episodes in Svalbard. A collaborative pilot study.

Awarded: NOK 0.40 mill.

Project Period: 2013-2015

Location: Akershus

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Shifting Climate States of the Polar Regions - coring campaign at Svalbard

Awarded: NOK 0.30 mill.

Project Period: 2012-2015

Location: Vestland

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Passive monitoring of endangered species in Svalbard: Distribution & relative abundance of Red Listed whales in a time of climate change

Awarded: NOK 0.30 mill.

Project Period: 2012-2015

Location: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Past, current and future research on kittiwakes in Kongsfjorden: The opportunity of an international integration (Workshop Feb/Mar 2013)

Awarded: NOK 0.20 mill.

Project Period: 2012-2014

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage