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Multidisciplinary Assessment of Crustacean Sentience

Crustacean sentience (the capacity of this group to experience emotions) has sparked a heated debate across multiple disciplines, particularly as it could impact several major sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture. The outdated argument that animals do not experience negative emotions (such as pain) because they lack conscience, has been proven wrong for vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g. octopus), but remains controversial for crustaceans. There is evidence of criteria consistent with the idea of pain, as crustaceans have and activate nociceptive pathways, but there is no evidence of the neural pathways integrating the responses nor the demonstration of the awareness thereafter. This is partly due to the ‘dispersed’  central nervous system (CNS) these animals present, with multiple ganglia, but no ‘brain’ as a focal point. To overcome this, MACS aims to apply new technology to measure 9 simultaneous nerve signals (8 ganglia and the heart) to fully understand the nociceptive pathways and how are they integrated in crustaceans’ CNS. This approach will tackle the principle of triangulation by (1) The development of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the nervous system of commercially important crustacean species; (2) the characterization of pain and stress through physiological and molecular animal-based indicators; and (3) the evaluation of behaviour and its neurological integration pathway.  As such, this multidisciplinary study will only be possible through a combination of my crustacean stress physiology background, my supervisor’s knowledge of the central nervous system anatomy, and my second supervisor's expertise in aquatic species' EEG. The outcome of this fellowship will range from CNS studies to validate current industrial practices (during a non-academic placement), to socio-economic impacts involving the society's concern for animal welfare. The knowledge and skills gained from this project will allow me to become an independent researcher.

Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

When a liquid droplet is placed on a solid surface with a temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of the liquid, the droplet hovers above the surface on a thin layer of its own vapor, a phenomenon known as the Leidenfrost effect. While this effect is highly undesirable in certain cooling applications due to the reduced energy transfer between the solid and evaporating liquid caused by the poor heat conductivity of the vapor, it can be of significant interest in various processes where avoiding contact with the surface is advantageous.  The LeidenForce project aims to comprehensively study the Leidenfrost effect and propose novel applications, either to mitigate its adverse effects or leverage its advantages. LeidenForce intends to (i) shift the fundamental understanding of the transition to the Leidenfrost state, (ii) optimize the heat transfer between the droplet and the substrate, (iii) utilize the isolated droplet to manipulate small amounts of liquid in unconventional scenarios (e.g., on a liquid surface, within a channel), and (iv) harness the vapor film to capture or confine particles using an external electrical field.  The practical implications will be leveraged by non-academic institutions involved in aviation (such as AIRBUS), metallurgy (CRM), cryogenics (Air Liquide), and space exploration (Centre Spatial de Liège). In aviation, managing cryogenic fuel is a crucial step toward achieving zero-emission flights. In metallurgy, innovative cooling methods will be developed based on mitigating the Leidenfrost effect. Air Liquide will address cooling issues by introducing particles into the evaporating liquid to modify the Leidenfrost effect. Lastly, at the Centre Spatial de Liège, Leidenfrost droplets will be utilised to delicately clean surfaces by trapping particles within these contactless droplets.

Advanced Leidenfrost Effect

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Driving Sustainable Climate Transition of Video-On-Demand Platforms at a Time of Transformation

The overarching goal of StreamSCAPES is to kick start a new era in forward “thinking and doing” in the ways in which production, consumption and decision-making systems in the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) lead through the sustainable climate transition (SCT) with a particular emphasis on Video-On-Demand (VOD) platforms as central nodes within audiovisual and cultural ecosystems. Specifically, StreamSCAPES will provide (i) an interdisciplinary mapping and assessment of the ways in which it is possible to substantially “green” the operations of VOD platforms in the CCIs, (ii) pilot the transformative impact of VOD platforms to engage in “Blue Skies” generation of ideas through a ‘hubs’ based approach, in the form of a future studies approach with a special focus on children and youth, and (iii) co-test the potential of VOD platforms to contribute to the SCT in line with the European Industrial Strategy and the European Green Deal. To achieve this, a multi-stakeholder team of four core academics and eight key stakeholders, including several European VOD platforms, combines original data and knowledge and collated best practices. StreamSCAPES, among other things, (a) develops robust methods to measure the carbon footprint of VOD platforms and a pilot SCT VOD certification; (b) designs and develops business clinics providing advice on how VOD platforms can best green their business models; (c) develops a StreamSCAPES Dashboard making public data, such as the carbon footprints of VOD platforms, available to policymakers, professionals and citizens; (d) identifies underutilised approaches that can be used by VOD platforms to boost the SCT; (e) delivers a first-aid kit handbook to empower VOD professionals, audiovisual and cultural workers, and citizens to support the SCT in a bottom-up manner, paying particular attention to engaging young people and children in practices and ‘Blue Skies’ imaginations towards innovation.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

Improvement of the quality and safety of fermented beverages through the management and control of spoilage microorganisms

SpoilControl will train the next generation of polyvalent researchers in the field of sustainable fermentation technologies, able to meet current and future challenges created by microbial spoilage and improve the quality & safety of fermented beverages. Europe is the historical leader of fermented drinks, whose competitiveness is intensively challenged. Microbial spoilage in fermented food is a growing concern from a financial viewpoint (economic losses) and from a health perspective (increasing presence of pathogens, particularly in improperly homemade or artisanal productions). Such quality & safety issues are amplified by societal and environmental changes: the consumer trend toward low-input products, sustainable practices, small-scale productions and climate changes are associated with increased risks of microbial spoilage. In addition, the fermentation sector cruelly lacks a global framework & training between beverages, resulting in efforts duplication & investments partitioning. SpoilControl will unfold an original strategy based on multiple beverages (wine, spirits, beer, cider, kombucha, kefir), multiple disciplines (from environmental & life sciences to engineering or economics), multiple solutions (development of sustainable biological, chemical and physical treatments). The consortium covers the whole fermentation chain from Fermentation to Glass with 34 partners including universities, SMEs, large companies, innovation cluster, start-up, analysis laboratories, technical institutes and homebrewers’ group. SpoilControl will have multiple impacts: at the scientific level, the study of non-conventional microbial species will be useful besides the fermentation sector; at the societal level, SpoilControl will improve public awareness of safety issues in fermented food and promote best practices for all end-users (industrials, consumers); the development of innovative solutions and treatments will have immediate and long-term economic impact.  

Complex lipid membranes for science and technology

“CLIMB-Complex lipid membranes for science and technology” is a doctoral network of leading European lipid-research laboratories with highly complementary research expertise and training capabilities, which will allow participating PhD students to develop a wide range of research and transferable skills attractive to employers in both academic and industrial sectors. The research themes focus on the hypothesis that comprehensive understanding of the role of compositional complexity on “yet to be explored” structural properties and membrane-driven interactions is key to developing complex lipid-based nanomaterials that mimic the cellular environment and function as high-performance sustainable materials. A central aspect of the CLIMB programme is the development and physicochemical characterization of structure and stability of aggregates formed by novel lipid mixtures including natural extracts and novel protective polymer/peptoid-based coatings. Scientific results will be made available to non-academic partners to assess its possible translation into applications in the fields of mRNA delivery, bio-sensor development, and “green” formulations, areas in line with some of the grand challenges identified by EU. These objectives will be achieved by combining advanced and complementary experimental approaches from chemistry, physics, biology, and computational sciences. Through close collaboration with a network of both small and large industrial partners, the trainees will receive direct hands-on experience, and will gain insights into how lipid-based materials are used in innovative applications. In summary, CLIMB aims to advance the current knowledge on the interplay between structure, functions, interaction, and compositional complexity in lipid membrane. The generated results will contribute to important knowledge transfer between academia and the companies involved, promoting and increasing the success rate for innovations of grand societal challenges.

To develop autonomous robots that are able to comply with social conventions and expectations, and avoid rejection from humans requires that robots must be aware of the social context in which they operate. To this extent, robots need to be endowed with high levels of reactivity, proactivity, responsiveness, and intelligibility. The Doctoral Network - Industrial Doctorates on Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs (SWEET) aims at training a new generation of research and professional figures able to advance the development of socially aware robots capable of perceiving, interpreting, and responding to human emotions, intentions, and cultural differences. The training program will offer a diverse curriculum, encompassing theoretical knowledge, hands-on technical skills, and real-world application scenarios. The network's interdisciplinary approach includes various fields, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, human-robot interaction, computer vision, and cognitive sciences. Doctoral candidates will be immersed in cutting-edge research and innovation, gaining insights from the experience of both industrial and academic acclaimed research groups. The network will place a strong emphasis on ethical considerations and responsible innovation, deploying socially aware robots aligned with societal values and promoting inclusivity.  Doctoral Candidates will also have the opportunity to participate in a unique coaching program for continuous professional development of their soft and leadership individual skills. Integration Milestones following a Scenario-Based Learning approach will provide co-working activities where collaborative design/implementation is fostered. The inter-sectoral collaboration between academia, user groups’ representatives, business developers, and robot manufacturers of the project will further strengthen the novelty and impact of the research and training, and that research results are economically, socially, and technically feasible.

Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs

InSilicoHealth- Training the virtual twin professionals to support healthy ageing

InSilicoHealth aims to train doctoral candidates in the field of virtual human twin technology, with a specific focus on addressing challenges related to healthy aging in Europe in three core domains: heart, musculoskeletal, and brain. There is a two-way transfer between the research projects and the interdisciplinary training programme,  in which candidates will receive a broad education that spans different fields relevant to digital health. A compelling interdisciplinary joint degree-DN programme for 11 DCs is proposed answering four interdisciplinary research objectives, shouldered by intersectoral training components (i.e., academic and non-academic secondments) to prepare a new generation of outstanding digital health professionals.   InSilicoHealth will provide a comprehensive and forward-looking programme that combines research, interdisciplinary training, and collaboration with industry to address the complex challenges of healthy ageing, using virtual human twin technology. The DCs will be actively encouraged to surpass the technology-driven focus and to explicitly addressing the ethical, legal societal implications of VHT technologies. By providing the DCs with a 360° view on the methodological, technological, ethical, social, and regulatory challenges associated with this digital revolution of healthcare, InSilicoHealth is conceptualized as a steppingstone for a sustainable EU-based, doctoral programme on in silico health.

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på år

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IS-RUOK-EONR-økonomi fordelt på fagområde

I have always interested in the society around me, both politically and economical. That's why I three years ago decided to study Economics at the university of Oslo while at the same time been active in the political sphere of Norway. 

I'd like to go to  Germany and  Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München for many reasons. the history of university, the knowledge of the university. I also find Munich a good place because of its financial hub.

I'd also like to go to Germany for its important economy, and  understand first-hand how it influence Germany, Europe and Norway. 

During my stay in Munich i want to focus on advance macroeconomics and the aspects a German macro oriented course has compared to the Norwegian. Where Norway is a small and Germany a bi g economy.

Also important for me is to get some more business courses while i'm in Germany, as this isn't possible to get at University of Oslo. I think the intertwine between business and economics subjects are important. 

at least a want a course on e conomical history of ideas, with focus on Germany, because i find the German economical history interesting. 

When I'm in Germany I would also like to further learn politics, that is an important aspect of my life next to economics. I want to make bonds  with CDU/CSU and JU.

Finally I want to further strengthen my German, I find German just as important for my working career as my courses.

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