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Akershus

LTP3 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

LTP3 Et kunnskapsintensivt næringsliv i hele landet

LTP3 Uttesting og kommersialisering av FoU

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Lavutslipp

Frå april 2021 til april 2024 har prisnivået auka med 17,6 prosent både i Euroområdet og i Noreg. Sentralbankar har svart på denne inflasjonsepisoden, og prisinflasjonen er no avtakande. Samstundes aukar lønsinflasjonen. Kva har dette å seie for dei økonomiske utsiktene til Noreg på kort og mellomlang sikt? Kva har det å seie for dine økonomiske utsikter?

Eit overordna mål for forsking på konjunktursyklar er å forstå forholdet mellom lønsinflasjon, prisinflasjon og økonomien som heilskap. Trass i omfattande forsking på dette feltet, er det framleis betydeleg usikkerheit rundt mange sider av dette forholdet. I dette forskingsprosjektet fokuserer vi på ein særskild dimensjon: kor viktig lønsfastsetjing er.

Vi gjer dette ved å utvikle nye teoretiske, makroøkonomiske rammeverk for lønsfastsetjing, rammeverk som er så detaljerte at dei kan samanliknast med faktiske data på individnivå, om løn og arbeidde timar. Samstundes arbeider vi med å avdekke empiriske fakta, ved hjelp av norsk administrativ data, om korleis løn vert fastsett, kor mykje folk arbeider, og korleis både løn og arbeidde timar vert påverka av inflasjon.

Gjennom å kombinere teoretisk utvikling med empiriske fakta, håpar vi å betre forståinga av dei økonomiske utsiktene, ikkje berre for økonomien som heilskap (til dømes Noreg), men òg for den mangfaldige gruppa individ som økonomien består av (til dømes deg!).

From April 2021 to April 2024, prices rose by 17.6% in both the Euro area and Norway. As price inflation is subsiding, wage inflation is picking up pace and worries about wage demands pushing inflation upwards are at the top of the policy agenda. This worry reflects the large uncertainty among both academics and policy makers regarding the aggregate relationship between wages, prices and real economic activity, which. There is thus a great need for a better understanding of the macroeconomics of wage setting. In this research proposal, we meet this challenge by building models of wage contracts that can be estimated and tested with micro data, and integrated into larger business-cycle frameworks.

Despite the prominence of wage rigidities in quantitative macroeconomic theories, the benchmark model of wage rigidities, widely used in both the academic literature and at central banks across the world, remains highly stylized. Although the importance of wage rigidities for macroeconomics dynamics is well understood, macroeconomic modelling of wage setting is too stylized and unrealistic to be confronted with micro data. This calls for a research program centered around the microeconomic foundations of wage setting, with the goal of producing models that can be disciplined by micro-level data and simultaneously easily integrated into larger frameworks for business-cycle analysis.

The first project objective is to develop a macroeconomic framework for wage setting which can be confronted with micro data. The second, and complementary, project objective is to uncover microeconomic facts on wage setting, hours worked, and inflation which can be used to discipline our theories of wage setting. With micro-consistent models of wage rigidities, including the heterogeneous effects across workers, decisions made by governments, labor unions, and central banks can be guided by more credible evidence, which ultimately leads to improved decisions and economic welfare.

WaCoMacro: wage contracts and macroeconomics

Store samfunnsdebatter de seneste årene har påvirket den offentlige samtalen om seksualitet, slik som #metoo-bevegelsen og diskusjoner rundt samtykkelovgivning. Noe som har hatt spesiell betydning for unge, er hvordan seksualiteten endres av digitale medier.

På den positive siden gir digitale medier nye muligheter for å lære om sex og for seksuell samhandling. Samtidig har det også blitt en ny arena for seksuell risiko. Fra et samfunnsståsted er det avgjørende å forstå hvordan dette dilemmaet knyttet til mulighet og risiko påvirker ungdoms seksuelle praksiser og eventuell utsatthet. I DIGISEX spør vi hvordan unge navigerer i et stadig mer komplekst seksuelt landskap.

For å øke vår forståelse av digitale medier som arena for ungdomsseksualitet, vil vi undersøke hvordan unge tar i bruk de nye mulighetene de har fått, samspillet mellom digital og fysisk seksualitet og hvordan digitale medier kan bidra til økt seksuell risiko. Ved å kombinere to eksisterende databaser bestående av høykvalitets kvalitative og kvantitative data om unges seksuelle praksiser er DIGISEX i en unik posisjon til å bidra med ny kunnskap om tematikken.

Prosjektet består av tre arbeidspakker. I den første vil vi undersøke hvordan unge forstår og «gjør» seksualitet i en stadig mer digital verden. I neste arbeidspakke retter vi blikket mot unges egen forståelse av dilemmaet mellom mulighet og risiko knyttet til digital seksualitet, samt den sosiale og kulturelle konteksten de forholder seg til. I den siste arbeidspakken undersøker vi ulike former for seksuell risiko som unge utsettes for, samspillet mellom fysiske og digitale former for risiko og hvordan dette varierer i ulike sosiale grupper.

Det overordnede målet med prosjektet er å øke vår forståelse av dilemmaet digitale medier har skapt for moderne ungdomsseksualitet: som en samtidig arena for mulighet og risiko.

Large-scale societal discussions have changed the sexual landscape recent years, such as the #metoo movement and public debates about consent laws. A shift that particularly has affected youth sexuality is how digital media plays into sexual relations. On a positive note, digital media offers new opportunities for learning about sex and sexual socialization. However, it has also become a new arena for sexual violations. From a societal perspective, it becomes crucial to understand how digital media’s simultaneous potential for opportunity and risk impacts youth sexual practices and the forms and scope of youth sexual violations. To shed light on this new arena for youth sexuality and sexual violations, DIGISEX will investigate how youths incorporate the new opportunities created by digital media in their sexual lives, the interplay between digital and physical sexuality, and whether new practices contribute to increased sexual risk. The study will contribute knowledge on this topic by combining analyses of two existing and high-quality datasets among Norwegian youth containing qualitative and quantitative data on youth digital sexuality and digital sexual violations. We start in WP1 by unpacking how youth conceptualize and perform sexuality in an increasingly digital world. In WP2, we home in on the dilemma between opportunity and risk concerning digital sexuality in the eyes of youths, as well as the socio-cultural context of sexual risk and violations. In WP3, we investigate different types of sexual violations to which youth are exposed, overlaps between physical and digital violations, and social variation in exposure. DIGISEX is led by early-career researcher Lars Roar Frøyland, who have previously documented a capacity of delivering high-quality research. The remaining research team consists of both early career and highly qualified scholars within youth research, sexuality, and sexual violations with strong track records in their respective fields.

Youth sexuality and sexual risk in a digital era (DIGISEX)

Økonomisk ulikhet øker i Norge og andre høyinntektsland, mens innvandring også er med å endre samfunnets demografiske og sosioøkonomiske struktur. I kjølevannet av økende økonomiske og etniske forskjeller, er det bekymringsfullt at ulike dimensjoner av ulikhet blir stadig mer vedvarende på tvers av generasjoner. Å fremskaffe kunnskap om i hvilken grad ulikhet overføres innenfor familier og bredere sosial kontekster, vil kunne si noe om hvilke muligheter man har senere i livet. Til tross for mye forskning på intergenerasjonell mobilitet for utdanning og arbeid, har det vært lite forskning på betydningen av helse i overføringen av sosioøkonomisk status fra foreldre til barn.  
I  HEALTHMOBILITY ønsker vi å studere (1) i hvilken grad helsestatus overføres gjennom generasjoner og sammenhengen mellom helse og sosioøkonomisk mobilitet, (2) den kausale effekten av helseforskjeller tidlig i livet og i ungdomsårene på voksne prestasjoner og sosial ekskludering, (3) i hvilken grad de ovennevnte prosessene varierer mellom barn av innvandrerforeldre og de uten innvandringsbakgrunn, og, (4) hvordan forholdet mellom sosioøkonomisk status og helse har utviklet seg historisk—ved å studere langsiktige trender som strekker seg over mer enn 50 år. Prosjektets bidrag vil være å undersøke betydningen av både foreldre og barns helse som en dimensjon av intergenerasjonell mobilitet, sosial ekskludering, og livsjanser gjennom generasjoner.

Economic inequality is on the rise in Norway and other high-income countries, while large-scale immigration is also changing the demographic and socioeconomic structure of these societies. In the wake of widening economic disparities and ethnic inequality, there is growing concern among social scientists and policy makers that various dimensions of inequality are becoming increasingly persistent across generations. Knowing to what extent inequality is perpetuated within families and within broader social contexts is crucial since most would agree that opportunities in life should not be determined by which family a child is born into. Despite a vast literature on intergenerational mobility and children’s prospects for moving up the socioeconomic ladder, there is little research on the intergenerational transmission of health status and its role in the transmission of socioeconomic status from parents to children. This is unfortunate, as health is increasingly acknowledged as an essential part of individuals’ human capital, with important consequences for individuals outcomes in education and the labor market. 
In HEALTHMOBILITY we aim to study to what extent (1) health status is passed down through generations and its relation to socioeconomic mobility, (2) the causal impact of early-life health disparities on adult attainments, (3) to what extent these processes vary between children of immigrant and native parents, and (4) how the relationship between socioeconomic status and health status have evolved historically. Our aim is to unpack how mechanisms related to intergenerational transmission of health inequality contributes to socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in educational and labor market attainments. We will use Norwegian data from population-wide administrative registers and large-scale surveys, with detailed information on health service use, self-reported measures of health, and key socioeconomic and demographic characteristics to address these issues

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Inequality in Health and Intergenerational Mobility (HEALTHMOBILITY)

Sámicosmologies: Exploring Indigenous Knowledge Cultures and Practices of Star-Gazing

This project offers increased understanding of arctic Indigenous cosmologies as a form of environmental knowledge and traces their significance for communities in times of environmental crisis. With a special focus on traditional Sámi cosmologies and Sámi contemporary art, the goal is to explore and trace the appearance of human and non-human protagonists within Indigenous stories, especially about the starry polar night skies. By reappearing each night, these more-than-human figures became haunting entities which provided abstract nature-human relationships with a concrete, sensual and alluring form. Today, Sámi artists refer to these haunting figures to draw attention to their troubled cultural history and the present reality of climate-affected regions. The integration of traditional, recurring ghostly figures from Sámi storytelling – that migrate between the celestial and the earthly, as well as the human and the non-human – stresses the urgency of changing the way humans relate to nature. What is more, these fascinating, haunting and visionary figures provoke speculative futures, in which nature is regarded as a non-human subject. As this concept is becoming increasingly crucial in eco-philosophical debates and policy decisions on environmental justice, this project aims to show that Sámi cosmologies – especially when mediated through art – can play a vital role in changing humans’ perspective on nature.  In recent years, contemporary art has been called upon to give a sensual form to the abstract systematic connections of climate change; the extent of the current crisis is difficult for people to grasp. As a consequence, art is gaining a central role within our societies; it stands at the threshold between sciences, politics and culture. This project deals with art that is engaged in the severe environmental changes of this planet and that stands on the threshold between communicating urgency and being more than a mere messenger of environmental research.

DARKLAX er den første tverrfaglige og transnasjonale rekonstruksjonen av lakseoppdrettets historie i Chile. Vi forsøker å forklare hvordan et avsidesliggende og fattig sted sør i Chile ble et globalt knutepunkt for eksperimentering med sosiale, miljømessige, vitenskapelige og diskursive teknologier som har formet verden det siste femti år. Vi spør hvordan forsøkene på å gjøre oppdrettslaks til en handelsvare søkte å løse et utall utfordringer, fra å diversifisere kaloriinntaket til å forhindre overfiske, og til syvende og sist skapte nye problemer som er kjernen i det antropocene. Et sentralt spørsmål vi stiller, er hvilken rolle begrepet «bærekraft» og praksisene som er knyttet til det, spiller i denne prosessen.
DARKLAX er et historisk prosjekt som arbeider med en rekke ulike innfallsvinkler, fra marinbiologi for å forklare laksens liv i og utenfor oppdrettsanleggene, til antropologi og historiefortelling for å forstå hvordan mennesker opplever forholdet til en natur som er mer enn menneskelig. Like viktig er det at vi ser på lakseoppdrett som et iboende transnasjonalt objekt som omfatter norsk teknologi, brasiliansk soya, japanske forbruksmønstre eller argentinske miljøendringer som definerende trekk ved næringen. Som studieobjekt er ikke lakseoppdrett en nisje eller en anomali: I dag er akvakultur den raskest voksende sektoren innen matproduksjon. Den omsetter for rundt 300 milliarder dollar og sysselsetter tjue millioner mennesker på verdensbasis. Oppdrettsfisk står i dag for halvparten av verdens matproduksjon, et tall som bare forventes å øke, noe som i sin tur vil øke dagens miljøutfordringer.
I sentrum for disse endringene står Norge, den største produsenten av oppdrettslaks og den største investoren i Chile. DARKLAX undersøker hvordan Norge har endret seg underveis. Vi analyserer spesielt hvordan ekspansjonen i Chile gjenspeiler Norges større påvirkning på verdensbasis, i den globale økonomien og i utnyttelsen av naturressurser utenfor landets grenser.

The explosive development of the salmon farming industry in Chile, buttressed by massive Norwegian investment, has been hailed as an enormous success. Today, Norway produces 1,600,000 tons of farmed salmon annually, while Chile produces 695,000 tons; at any given moment, there is more biomass of farmed salmon than the rest of farmed animals combined in each country. Huge economic, social, and environmental benefits characterize this “Blue Revolution” that brings cheap, healthy protein to a booming world population: at least that is how it has appeared on the surface. 
However, recent research reveals a darker side to Chilean salmon farming and the role of Norway as its largest investor and inspiration. So-called sustainable practices turn out to decimate nature; local and indigenous populations protest problematic business practices; and the fish itself suffers disease and worse. The explosive development of salmon farming in Chile has turned out to be an unchecked experiment in an open-air laboratory, with catastrophic consequences whose full effects need to be studied. 
DARKLAX's main research question is threefold: 
1) What are transformations associated with the growth of the salmon farming industry in Chile since the 1970s?;
2) How do these transformations provide insights into the future of salmon farming and into the relation between human and larger-than-human nature at large?; and 
3) What is the role of Norway in this history?
In pursuing this question, DARKLAX develops the first socio-environmental history of Chilean salmon farming from an interdisciplinary and transnational perspective. It tests a bold hypothesis: that the rise and fall of salmon farming in Chile is both defined by and advances new arguments for three central characteristics of the Anthropocene era: 
1) the breakdown of the relation between technology and nature; 
2) the collapse of the concept of “sustainability”; and 
3) the absolutely global effects of localized biocommodification.

The Dark Side of Sustainability: Norway and the Rise and Fall of Salmon Farming in Chile. A transnational history of the future (1970-2030)

RURALEX addresses the cumulative crisis of environmental expertise across rural Europe and investigates how this relates to broader processes of societal disenfranchisement. In recent years, many rural parts of Europe have struggled with the local effects of large demographic and associated ecological changes, including human out-migration and the abandonment of traditional forms of agriculture and other nature-based livelihoods. These shifts have led to significant losses in what we refer to as “environmental expertise”: loss of knowledge of the land, loss of important traditional practices, loss of tacit expertise about local environments, loss of cultural knowhow. This crisis is at once intangible and deeply impactful. RURALEX will address those profound changes in socio-ecological knowledges and practices, held by both scientific “experts” and lay persons, through long-term ethnographic engagement and deep mapping tools that will be developed collaboratively by the project partners. The project will determine what is being lost and its impact, how these changes take place, and what processes might be put in motion to ensure that local knowledge is adequately valued at the policy-making level. To do so the project draws on multispecies perspectives grounded in anthropology, history, literary, cultural and sound studies, and the environmental humanities. 

RURALEX is a consortium of six universities in Finland, Estonia, Romania, the UK, and Spain, beside Norway, and comparative and collaborative methods will be employed throughout the project.

Knowledge in Crisis: The Dynamics of Environmental Expertise amidst Rural Change

The FOSTERLANG project aims to have a transformative effect on how minoritised languages are protected, used and promoted in Europe in the context of the competitive societal dynamic between dominant and non-dominant languages. This will be achieved by developing evidence-based diagnostics of the minority-language condition and by suggesting strategic and technologically informed initiatives to protect and enhance their socio-economic position. The project consortium brings the cross-cultural, multidisciplinary expertise of 14 participating organisations in an ambitious partnership of intellectual enquiry on key societal aspects of protecting the EU linguistic diversity. Its members combine strengths and expertise in sociolinguistics, social anthropology, education and pedagogy, language planning, digital innovation, computer science, public policy and language revitalisation. The partners will work in tandem to develop a new societal and institutional dispensation by which minoritised language communities will catalyse their contested linguistic capital to counteract the socio-political and economic forces which continue to undermine a sustainable future for Europe’s linguistic minorities and migrants. The work packages are centred on fostering linguistic capital not only from the perspective of protecting Europe’s multicultural diversity, but also to indicate how linguistic capital can enhance other components of human capital, such as economic, demographic and health-related well-being. The project aligns with strategic priorities of EU and the Horizon Europe programme in fostering societal coherence of different linguistic communities living in their shared spaces. The major outcome will be a Linguistic Capital Road Map which will set out a substantive set of recommendations for the short, medium and long-term on effective and meaningful strategies for fostering Europe’s linguistic capital and for safeguarding grassroots multilingualism.

Fostering Linguistic Capital: A Roadmap for Reversing the Diversity Crisis and Activating Societal Benefits in Europe

Rettigheter knyttet til likestilling og ikke-diskriminering er i økende grad under angrep, med betydelig tilbakeslag mot kvinners rettigheter, seksuelle og reproduktive helserettigheter og LHBTIQ+ rettigheter, både globalt og lokalt. Debattene har blitt sterkt polariserte, ofte påvirket av religiøse aktører og diskurser. På den ene siden hevder konservative religiøse stater, institusjoner og sivilsamfunnsorganisasjoner at «tradisjonelle» eller «familie»-verdier må beskyttes mot det de oppfatter som «kjønnsideologi» eller «ideologisk kolonialisme». På den andre siden argumenterer sekulære regjeringer og menneskerettighetsgrupper for at likestillingsrettigheter må forsvares mot patriarkalske og kjønnsdiskriminerende religiøse normer og tradisjoner.

Samtidig utfordrer nye aktører og perspektiver dette binære synet på religion og likestilling. Over hele verden engasjerer religiøse frivillige organisasjoner for kvinners rettigheter, skeive aktivister, feministiske teologer og andre kamper for likestilling og ikke-diskriminering, finner argumenter og inspirasjon i sin religiøse tro. Gjennom casestudier i Colombia, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan og i FN vil prosjektet utforske hvordan disse aktørene bruker religion som en ressurs i sitt arbeid og undersøke om deres strategier og nettverk kan bidra til å redusere polarisering rundt disse problemene.
Med dette prosjektet søker vi å utdype forståelsen av skjæringspunktet mellom religion og kjønn og fremheve en gruppe religiøse aktører som ofte blir oversett i studier om kjønn, religion og utvikling. Gjennom å fokusere på kjønnsbasert ulikhet skal prosjektet bidra til å nå bærekraftsmål 5 (likestilling) og 16 (fred, rettferdighet og sterke institusjoner).

Prosjektet gjennomføres av Fredsforskningsinstituttet Oslo (PRIO) i samarbeid med Dansk Institutt for Menneskerettigheter i Danmark, Social Trust Fund/UIN Jakarta i Indonesia, St Paul's University i Kenya, Sentiido Foundation i Colombia, og Universitetet i Groningen i Nederland.

Rights related to gender equality and non-discrimination are increasingly contested. In recent years we have
witnessed strong pushback, both globally and locally, especially against sexual and reproductive health rights and
rights of LGBTIQ+ persons, and debates on these issues are heavily polarized. Religious values and discourses play a
central role in this, with governments, religious institutions, and civil society organisations claiming the need to
protect "traditional" or "family" values against what they see as "a sort of ideological colonialism", often referred to as
"gender ideology". Secular governments, human rights NGOs, and international organisations, on the other side, tend
to see gender-related rights as in need of protection from (conservative, patriarchal) religion. Between these two
positions, a third one is emerging, implicitly or explicitly challenging this dichotomous conception of religion and
gender equality. Around the world, religious feminists and other religious actors, women's rights NGOs and LGBTIQ+
activists, are finding arguments for, rather than against, gender-related rights within their religions. Through case
studies of religious gender justice activists in Colombia, Indonesia, Kenya, Pakistan, and in the United Nations,
REGEN will investigate the discourses, strategies, and networks of these actors, asking whether they can contribute
to depolarization of the field. The project will contribute new knowledge about a group of religious actors who have
hitherto received little attention from gender studies, religious studies and development studies, but who are central
to a sound theoretical and empirical understanding of the dynamics of religion and gender (in)equality, as well as to
development and foreign policy efforts to formulate effective responses to the backlash against gender rights.
Focusing on gender-based inequality, it contributes to achieving SDG 5 (Gender Equality) and SDG 16 (Peace, Justice,
and Strong Institutions).

Religious gender justice activism (GenderJustice)

Forskerne i SELFICON-prosjektet skal undersøke faktorer som påvirker førsteklassingers selvregulering.

Barn i dagens samfunn står overfor en stadig mer uforutsigbar fremtid. Globalisering, teknologiske fremskritt og kunstig intelligens fører til at samfunnet endrer seg i et stadig høyere tempo. For å kunne navigere i en stadig mer kompleks verden, har selvregulering blitt identifisert som en essensiell ferdighet. God selvregulering er avhengig av evnen til å hemme impulser, oppdatere arbeidsminnet og håndtere alt som krever vår oppmerksomhet, også kalt eksekutive funksjoner. Det gjør at vi kan håndtere kompleks informasjon, motstå distraksjoner, takle nye situasjoner, lære ny kunnskap og å nå mål.

Hvordan kan vi best støtte barn i utviklingen av denne ferdigheten? Prosjektet "Selvregulering i Kontekst" (SELFICON) vil benytte en ny tilnærming for å fremme barns selvregulering gjennom dynamisk systemteori og erkjennelsen av at barns bruk av eksekutive funksjoner og påfølgende selvregulerende atferd er kontekstavhengig. Målet med prosjektet er å øke vår forståelse av hvordan læringskonteksten kan tilpasses for å legge til rette for bedre selvregulering i læringssituasjoner. Aspekter som påvirker dette kan være individuelle, miljømessige og oppgavespesifikke.

Prosjektets mål er:
1) Å undersøke elevenes og lærernes kunnskap om selvregulering og hvordan konteksten påvirker selvregulering i læringssituasjoner. Dette vil vi gjøre ved bruk av beskrivende metoder.
2) Å undersøke kontekstens effekt på eksekutive funksjoner på det fysiologiske nivået, og dermed få empirisk kunnskap om hvordan konteksten kan hjelpe elever å ta i bruk eksekutive funksjoner. Her vil vi bruke nevrovitenskapelige metoder.
3) Å utvikle selvreguleringsstrategier, retningslinjer og verktøy og evaluere effektene i klasserommet, noe som vil resultere i ny praktisk og teoretisk kunnskap samt utdanningsmateriell. Dette vil vi oppnå ved bruk av designforskningsmetoder og i samarbeid med elever og lærere.

Today’s children face an increasingly unpredictable future. Forces like digital connectivity, technological advancements, and artificial intelligence will drive change at an unprecedented rate. To navigate this increasingly complex world, self-regulation has been pinpointed as an essential 21st-century skill. Self-regulation is the ability to inhibit impulses, update working memory, and shift attention flexibly. It allows us to regulate our thoughts, emotions, and behavior, to process complex information, resist distractions, deal with new situations, learn, and reach goals. So, how can we best support children in developing this skill? The “Self-regulation In Context” (SELFICON) project will use a new approach to promoting self-regulation through education by drawing on Dynamic Systems Theory and the fact that engagement of executive functions and subsequent self-regulatory behavior is context-dependent. The project aims to increase our understanding of how first-grade children and teachers can adjust individual, environmental, and task-specific aspects of the learning context for better self-regulation in learning situations. The project’s objectives are: 1) Using descriptive methods, investigate children’s and teachers’ pre-existing knowledge about self-regulation and how the context affects this, resulting in an overview of stakeholder knowledge on self-regulation engagement; 2) Using neuroscientific methods, investigate contextual effects on executive function engagement at the physiological level, resulting in empirical knowledge on how the context may help engage executive function; 3) Using design research methods, co-design guidelines, tools, and strategies with children and teachers and evaluate the effects in the classroom, resulting in practical and theoretical knowledge as well as educational materials. This will be achieved by closely collaborating with children and teachers and combining methods from education, psychology, and neuroscience.

SELFICON - Self-regulation In Context

Vi ser at unge i økende grad begår alvorlige voldelige forbrytelser, inkludert voldelig ekstremisme og terrorisme. En utfordring for velferdsstaten er hvordan man kan ivareta samfunnets sikkerhet og forhindre kriminalitet og sosial ekskludering, samtidig som man beskytter barns rettigheter.

To nøkkelinstitusjoner spiller avgjørende roller i å håndtere denne gruppen barn: barnevernsystemet og strafferettsystemet. Hvert system opererer med distinkte verdier, konsepter og verktøy, noe som fører til forskjellige tolkninger av barns rettigheter og samfunnets behov. Til tross for de betydelige samfunnsmessige implikasjonene, er barnevernssystemet og strafferettsystemet og interaksjonene mellom dem underutforsket.

PROTECT skal få frem kunnskap og forståelse av utfordringer og mulige løsninger i de nordiske land for å integrere behovet for samfunnssikkerhet med beskyttelse av barns rettigheter. PROTECT vil gjennomføre banebrytende forskning gjennom å kombinere samfunnsvitenskapelige og rettsvitenskapelige perspektiver, benytte innovative metodologiske tilnærminger og gjennomføre undersøkelser på tvers av ulike land.

A worldwide challenge and core problem for the Nordic welfare states is  how to protect children’s rights and at the same time provide public safety and prevent crime and social exclusion. Globally, children engage in serious violent crimes that are perceived as threats to public safety, including violent extremism, and terrorism. 

Two key institutions play pivotal roles in addressing this group of children: the child protection system and the criminal justice system. Each system operates with distinct rationale, legal and professional concepts and tools, leading to different interpretations of child rights, the needs of society, the children, and the public. There is an increase in the Nordic countries of children that engage in violent crimes, and some are very young.  In spite of the weighty societal implications, the key systems and interactions between them are understudied. Knowledge gaps produce barriers for efficient realization of children’s rights as well as for public security. 

PROTECT will address these knowledge needs through studies on the Nordic context, with the objective to advance knowledge and understanding of current challenges and possible solutions to integrate public safety with protection of children’s rights. PROTECT will conduct pioneering interdisciplinary research, combining law and political science,  innovative methodological approaches and cross-country examinations, including legal doctrinal and conceptual analysis, survey, vignettes, experiments and text analysis.

PROTECT is the first cross-country socio-legal study concerning the protection of child rights and public safety across child protection systems and justice systems and will offer theory development in the intersections of autonomy and State protection. The outcome will set a standard for how to understand integration of child rights and public safety that can serve as a guidepost for public policymakers aspiring to or adjusting their current system approach over time.

Protecting child rights and public safety: Premises for the integration of childs best interest and crime prevention

Midlene fra SECURITY-1.10 Security fordelt på år

Midlene fra SECURITY-1.10 Security fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra SECURITY-1.10 Security fordelt på fagområde

Satellite Based Asset Tracking for Supporting Emergency Management in Crisis Operations

DSTrain - Data Science Postdoctoral Training Programme

DSTrain is a 5-year postdoctoral programme that will award 36 postdoctoral fellowship positions of 36 months each in two calls over the programme period within the overarching frame of data science. The programme will train researchers and innovators with disciplinary, interdisciplinary and transferable skills and a foundation in data science methods enabling them to become Europe’s digital leaders across disciplines and sectors.  Data Science (DS) is a fast-growing scientific area of high importance, playing a central role in all scientific investigations, and are essential to innovation in almost all domains across society. Data Science underpins the majority of today’s technological, economic and societal feats. Increasing amounts of data offer enormous opportunities, but only to those who are able to harness them. In order to utilize these opportunities, skills and competences in data science are necessary. Such skills will play an essential role in shaping future technological developments. There is a massive interest both in the public sector and in the industry for candidates with excellent qualifications in data science combined with the ability to use these skills in cross-disciplinary projects.   The DSTrain programme will facilitate ground-breaking research by emphasizing interaction between data science, computational science, natural sciences and technology. The programme will develop new research and educational strategies that will serve society at large. The postdoctoral fellows will be integrated in research groups across scientific disciplines where there is an urgent need for computationally skilled researchers. The research groups provide excellent research environments and supervision enabling world-class research, innovation and digital infrastructure, models for cross-disciplinary collaboration and training in research, including computational and transferable skills. The DSTrain program also includes a range of cross-sectorial secondments.

iTEC SkyNex ATC platform This project aims at evolving the iTEC platform architecture to support the virtual centre concept, by making use of state-of-the-art digital technologies and underlying architectural principles.  The platform evolution will eventually provide a consistent contribution to enhance safety, resilience and scalability of the ATM network, allowing a more flexible provision of ATM services. This technical evolution will enable the full implementation of target architecture defined in the European ATM Master Plan (Phase D) through the instantiation of concepts such as platform as a service (PaaS) ATM data service Provision and highest automation level. This project is proposing the implementation of the most architecturally significant changes defined in the iTEC V3 being already agreed by all iTEC partners.  In addition, the project will also continue the research of airspace delegation concept using Virtual Centre technologies, focusing on the delegation of the ATM services provision amongst ATSUs in a D-architecture. This work will be used as the main reference for the activities of the DEVICE project related to D architecture, requiring a strong coordination of both projects and alignment of their project plans.

iTEC SkyNex ATC platform

DemonsTrating lower pollUting soLutions for sustaInable airPorts acrosS Europe

Airports will play a major role in transition towards climate neutral aviation. Sustainable energy production and use (both airside and landside) as well as a shift towards greener multi-modal transport options will reduce GHG emissions and improve local air quality around airports. Bringing together a highly competent and complementary consortium of 29 partners supported by an external advisory board, TULIPS will accelerate the implementation of innovative and sustainable technologies towards lower emissions at airports. At Amsterdam Airport Schiphol alone, TULIPS will realise an estimated 800kT/year CO2 savings based on the sum of the expected benefits of the 17 demonstrations by 2025 with further savings scaled with technology roll out. 17 real-life demonstrations of green airport innovations (technological, non-technological and social) will be performed at the Lighthouse Schiphol, and some also at fellows Oslo, Turin and Larnaca airport. Measuring and quantifying benefits and forecasting their impact on EU climate goals should they be implemented extensively across European airports, results in hands-on robust roadmaps which present how these technologies and concepts should be deployed to different sized airports (international hubs down to regional level) considering economic, geographical, and political scenarios across Europe and beyond. Topics covered include a) improved multi-modal shift for passengers and freight, reduce traffic congestion and offer seamless green travel options, b) improved airside infrastructure for future electric/hybrid aircraft infrastructure, c) smart energy solutions to manage airport operations, d) integrating hydrogen fuel cell technology into current ground support equipment, e) enabling large scale supply of SAF fuel along with the preparation of an EU clearing house, f) circular economy, and g) UFP mitigation. 

All Weather Autonomous Real logistics operations and Demonstrations

Connected and automated vehicles can be seen as a revolution in the global automotive industry, bringing a new mobility paradigm and having a huge impact on several economic sectors such as logistics industry. Significant progress has been made in the field of autonomous truck driving with numerous prototypes. However, challenges need to be addressed in order to ensure the uptake of this breakthrough technology and the future advent of an overall autonomous logistic chain. The deployment of autonomous heavy-duty vehicles is hindered by the current inabilities of these vehicles to work with the right safety and functional level for 24/7 availability (e.g. harsh weather conditions) and by the lack of harmonized regulatory framework. This project aims at developing and enabling to deploy a safe autonomous transportation systems in a wide range of real-life use cases in a variety of different scenarios. This encompasses the development of autonomous driving system (ADS) capable of handling adverse environmental conditions such as heavy rain, snowfall, fog. The ADS solution will be based on multiple sensor modalities to address 24/7 availability. The ADS will then be integrated into multiple vehicle types used in low-speed areas. Finally, these vehicles will be deployed, integrated and operated in a variety of real-life use cases to validate their value in the application and identify any limitations: forklift (un)loading in warehouses and industrial plants, hub-to-hub shuttle service on open road, automated baggage dispatching in airports, container transfer operations and vessel loading in ports. Logistics operations will be optimized thanks to a new fleet management system that will act as a control tower, gathering all information from subsystems (vehicles, road sensors, etc.) to coordinate the operations and protect vulnerable road users. This work should then enable commercial exploitation of the technology and policy recommendations for certifications processes.

INTEGRATED TMA, AIRPORT AND RUNWAY OPERATIONS

The future of aviation will have to be focused more and more around an environmentally sustainable improvement of aviation. This proposal constitutes the SESAR2020 Consortium Members’ combined response to the SESAR-W3-2020 Solutions found under the Industrial Research and Validation activities  (IR) Topic 5–“Collaborative Management of TMA & Airport throughput” and under the Innovative Action (IA) SESAR-W3 Topic 6 “Integrated Runway Throughput and Terminal Efficiency (VLD-like)” as part of Very Large Scale Demonstrations (VLD). The call of these Topics 5 and 6 has been answered with a single, integrated proposal response. The proposal includes three Solutions:   i.  Solution PJ37-W3-01 named "Integrated Runway Throughput and Terminal Efficiency" of Topic 06	  ii. Solution PJ37-W3-02 (Complement of PJ.07-W2-39 Collaborative framework managing delay constraints on arrivals) of Topic 5, and  iii Solution PJ37-W3-03 (Complement of PJ.01-W2-08 Dynamic E-TMA for Advanced Continuous Climb and Descent Operations and       improved Arrival and Departure Operations) of Topic 5. Solution PJ37-W3-01 will conduct a number of Real-Time Simulations (RTSs) and a Live Trial on two different operational environments one for departures and another one for arrivals, to demonstrate the benefits of  the integrated TMA and runway throughput solutions; Solution PJ37-W3-02 is a complementary activity and will perform a Validation Exercise involving Local DCB (FMP), Air space Users and an Airport Operator at CDG Aerodrome, directly contributing to the Solution data pack of  Solution PJ.07-W2-39. The Solution PJ37-W3-03 will support the PJ.01-W2-08  Solution data pack via a  Live Trial of AMAN Arrival Streaming for Systemised Airspace and a Shadow Mode Trial, RTSs on 3D-Departures and Optimized Descents and a study to reduce additional airborne times. The aim is to deliver a fast track towards deployment, maximize network performance by combining solutions to facilitate greener of aviation.

The expected rapid growth in air traffic will lead to an increasing number of capacity constrained airports. Therefore airports have to improve significantly the runway and airport throughput while maintaining or increasing runway safety levels. In SESAR 2020 WAVE-1 this was mainly addressed by PJ02 with the four solutions:        PJ.02-01: Wake turbulence separation optimisation     PJ.02-02: Enhanced arrival procedures    PJ.02-03: Minimum Pair Separations based on required surveillance performance       PJ.02-08: Traffic optimisation on single and multiple runway airports  This VLD covers four solutions:  The use of aircraft type-specific pairwise separation will be used at Heathrow Airport, focusing on the runway occupancy time part of the overall TBS concept. At Vienna, the use of a wake decay enhancing device is intended to be demonstrated. There will be a demonstration at Zurich Airport of a concept known as ROCAT, which enables a reduction in the surveillance separation minimum for in-trail pairs on final approach, including a revised runway occupancy time aircraft classification. The benefits of an integrated AMAN-DMAN runway sequencer will be demonstrated at Stockholm Arlanda in shadow mode.   Together these demonstrations will collect evidence of the concept(s) within the overall time-based separation concept. As such the proposed large scale demo VLD3-W2 SORT closes the gap between the actual concept development and the deployment (or pre-industrialization) phases by demonstrating the operational and technical readiness. And by doing so de-risking the later deployment phases of  these four solutions, either in real life trials and/or shadow modes trials at major European airports, this will ensure trust in the SESAR results.

Safely Optimized Runway Throughput

PJ.05-W2 Digital technologies for Tower - SESAR-IR-VLD-WAVE2-05-2019 deals with two Solutions: Solution 35: "Multiple Remote Tower and Remote Tower centre" and with solution 97: "HMI Interaction modes for Airport Tower". 14 SESAR members (in sum 31 legal beneficiaries) showed interest in these solutions. For solution 35 cost-effectiveness is the principal key performance area (KPA). It proposes the development of a remotely provided aerodrome air traffic service by a "multiple" and/or "center" setting. Those settings help to combine ATS services from various aerodromes in a centralized control room  independent on airport location in order to make use of the valuable resource ATS provider more efficiently. In the end, the passengers will benefit from by a better passenger comfort in terms of shorter travel times and better point to point connections. PJ05 will bring the multiple/center concept to such a matured level ready for industrialization.  PJ05-Solution 97 aims to validate, in different Airport operating environments, innovative HMI modes and associated technologies. Those solutions are expected to positively contribute to the Safety and HP KPAs with reduced Controllers’ head down time and workload, as well as increased situation awareness and controllers' productivity. The PJ05-W2 DTT attracted plenty of European organisations to participate: ANSPs, industries, R&D and airport stakeholder intends to provide their specific competences to broaden the operational needs and technological expertises. The PJ05 variety of partners and validation activities will help to adequately reflect the variety of operational needs and technical solutions which in the end of the project will consolidate into a harmonized and widely accepted SESAR2020 PJ05 solution. The complete work is structured in a very collaborative way throughout all work packages and will ensure the transfer of knowledge and know-how between all participants and external to SESAR2020 projects. 

SECURITY-1.10 Security

Satellite Based Asset Tracking for Supporting Emergency Management in Crisis Operations

Awarded: NOK 3.8 mill.

Popular Science Description

Summary

Funding scheme:

SECURITY-1.10 Security

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics