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Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Prosjektet går ut på å invitere forskere fra norske eller utenlandske universiteter til å presentere sin forskning om økonomi og klima ved Handelshøyskolen ved Universitetet i Stavanger (HHUiS).

Dette skjer i form av et seminar som vanligvis finner sted en gang i uken. En kjent forsker fra et annet universitet kommer til Stavanger og holder et 60-minutters seminar og har en rekke møter med forskere i Stavanger. Vi prøver å ha minst 6-8 møter per gjest. I tillegg spiser gjesten lunsj og middag med UiS-ansatte.

Disse seminarene er en del av en eksisterende seminarserie som også tar for seg andre klimaspørsmål. En stor del av seminarene er imidlertid fokusert på klimaendringer og økonomi, og det er kun til disse seminarene vi søker midler.

En aktiv seminarrekke er hjertet i et forskningsuniversitet, og svært viktig for at forskerne ved universitetet skal kunne utvikle seg og være en aktiv del av det globale forskningsmiljøet. Dessverre må vi av budsjettmessige årsaker kutte ned på denne aktiviteten i år og fremover, og derfor sender vi denne søknaden for å be om midler til denne aktiviteten.

UiS har et meget energisk forskerteam innen økonomi og klima. For eksempel ble Dora Simons forskning nylig nevnt i The Economist, Anders Åkermans forskning ble denne uken nevnt av Det hvite hus i den amerikanske presidentens årlige økonomiske rapport, og Torfinn Harding skriver jevnlig artikler i Dagens Næringsliv og opptrer på norsk TV. For at denne gruppen skal overleve, er det svært viktig å kunne arrangere seminarer om klimaendringer på høyeste internasjonale nivå.

Seminarer med internasjonale forskere om økonomi og klima ved Universitetet i Stavanger

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


RETRACE-prosjektet, som strekker seg over tre år, tar for seg den økende trusselen fra naturkatastrofer, som har rammet over 2,3 milliarder mennesker siden 2000-tallet. RETRACE fokuserer på lokalsamfunn i Arktis og Stillehavsområdet, som marquisene i Fransk Polynesia, samene og kvenene i Norge og ahtnaene i Alaska, og har som mål å styrke motstandskraften mot klimarisiko. Disse lokalsamfunnene, som er dypt sammenvevd med omgivelsene sine, gir uvurderlig innsikt i hvordan man overlever og trives i en krevende miljøsituasjon.

RETRACE tar utgangspunkt i hypotesen om at urfolks- og lokalkunnskapssystemer, særlig fra lokalsamfunn i polar- og stillehavsområdene, er uunnværlige for å utvikle effektive strategier for motstandskraft. Prosjektets metode innebærer å samle inn et rikt datasett som omfatter vitnesbyrd, kulturelle praksiser og levde erfaringer, i tillegg til kvantitative analyser. Målet er å skape et omfattende rammeverk som tar hensyn til lokale kontekster og fremmer tilpasningsdyktige og inkluderende resilienspraksiser.

Et internasjonalt forskerteam fra Frankrike, Norge og USA samler en rekke ulike ferdigheter for å bygge bro mellom vitenskapelig forskning og virkeligheten i lokalsamfunnene. Målet er å utvikle et romlig beslutningsstøttesystem som både bidrar til å visualisere resiliensdata og fungerer som et verktøy for samfunnsbasert beslutningstaking, noe som forbedrer evnen til å håndtere risiko og utnytte tradisjonell kunnskap på en effektiv måte.

Ved å kombinere lokal innsikt med vitenskapelig innovasjon skal RETRACE bane vei for resiliensstrategier som både er bærekraftige og tar hensyn til de unike behovene til sårbare lokalsamfunn. Dette prosjektet setter ikke bare søkelyset på urfolks- og lokalkunnskapens avgjørende rolle når det gjelder å håndtere klimaendringene, men har også som mål å sette lokalsamfunn over hele verden i stand til å håndtere de utfordringene som et klima i endring fører med seg.

The three-year RETRACE project responds to the increasing impact of natural disasters on over 2.3 billion people since the beginning of the millennium. It has a particular focus on Arctic and Pacific communities vulnerable to climate risks, specifically, the Marquesan community in French Polynesia, the Sámi and Kven communities in Norway, and the Ahtna people in Alaska. The project aims to address the resilience(s) of communities, in order to develop more inclusive and equitable approaches to developing and implementing resilience strategies.

Five hypotheses guide the research, based on the assumption that indigenous communities such as the ones living in Polar zones and Pacific islands, developed resilience knowledge and strategies to cope with climate-related events. The project aims to co-develop a spatial decision-support system for producing and visualizing qualitative and quantitative data on the different forms of local, community, intrinsic and traditional resiliences in those communities.

Utilizing a narrative approach, the consortium collects testimonials, cultures, memories, experiences, sensitivities and expertise from both Arctic and Pacific communities on forms of resilience and their visions of climate risks, alongside quantitative open-source data from traditional assessments. This data will be cross-referenced to build an interdisciplinary framework for a nuanced understanding of local needs, suitable to assess resilience in local contexts. 

Comprising researchers from France, Norway and the USA with diverse expertise, the consortium aims to contribute in developing risk management and resilience strategies by integrating local and indigenous knowledge into an adaptable and sustainable spatial decision-making tool. The tool aims to bridge the gap between international scientific research and local community realities, potentially informing strategies in other vulnerable territories in the future.

ResilienceS to climate risks: lessons from Arctic and Pacific communities

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

SASCHA har som mål å utvikle praktiske verktøy og metoder for å vurdere og håndtere kulturminner når klimaendringer utgjør en risikofaktor. Prosjektet ledes av University College London (UCL), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Arizona State University (USA), NHAZCA (Italia) og North Carolina State University (USA) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), English Heritage Trust (Storbritannia) og Ventotene kommune (Italia) deltar i prosjektet som samarbeidspartnere. 

 Hovedmål for prosjektet:  
- Utvikling av indikatorer og målemetoder for måling av klimaendringers virkning på kulturarv. 
- Etablere metoder for å involvere relevante aktører i identifiseringen og målingen av disse virkningene. Metodene skal kunne tilpasses lokale forhold og kulturell kontekst. 
- Utvikle verktøy for å hjelpe beslutningstakere til å vurdere og anvende målinger på ulike nivåer. 
- Utforske utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til bruk av nye metoder for vurdering klimarelaterte risikofaktorer for kulturminner. 

Ved å oppnå disse målene skal SASCHA ruste lokalsamfunn og kulturminneforvaltningen til å bedre forstå og håndtere klimarisiko. I tillegg, gjennom samarbeid med organisasjoner som UNESCO og ICCROM, skal SASCHA bidra til globale diskusjoner om hvordan klimaproblematikken kan integreres i kulturminneforvaltningens praksis. Alt i alt vil SASCHA legge til rette for politikkutvikling og styrke kulturminneforvaltningen ved å tilby verktøy og metoder for å effektivt vurdere, tolke og formidle klimarisiko for kulturarvsteder over hele verden.

SASCHA proposes operationalisation for transferable risk assessment and a value-based decision support tool. Supported by this approach, the overarching aim of SASCHA is therefore to develop innovative methods for understanding risks of climate change for heritage that allow for multiscale analysis and scalable approaches, bridging the gaps between local knowledge and global data, and from local vulnerability to global risks. To this end, SASCHA will: a) develop a set of operationalised indicators/metrics for relevant determinants of climate change; b) develop a locally adaptable protocol for stakeholders' engagement in the identification of relevant determinants of climate impacts that acknowledge and celebrate diversity in cultural contexts; c) develop a climate adaptation decision support tool to evaluate relevance of assessment approaches for different spatial scales; d) explore the challenges and opportunities of an operationalisation approach to climate change--heritage risk. Addressing a complex, wide and research-intensive subject, SASCHA unfolds several organisational, scientific, technical, technological and cultural heritage-oriented elements. SASCHA includes four research partners, together bringing significant experience in climate change and heritage and requisite expertise in physical sciences (UCL), social sciences and humanities (NIKU, NCSU/ASU) and technology (NHAZCA). The consortium can significantly contribute to safeguarding and protecting their region's coastal heritage but also to the global discussion of the integration of climate impacts assessment on cultural heritage through the close collaboration with UNESCO's Advisory body, ICCROM and case study stakeholders. SASCHA will develop methods for assessing, interpreting, and communicating climate change risks for heritage, while also supporting effective policy development and heritage management.

Multiscale approaches and scalability within climate change-heritage risk assessments

Soil food webs play an important role in the functioning of Arctic ecosystems, but our knowledge of the distribution, dispersal and impacts of different organism groups is scarce. This project aims to gather experts on different aspects of the soil food web and its impacts, to paint an overview of the current state of knowledge and future research priorities. By summarizing the existing knowledge gaps, we will be able to highlight the most important areas that remain to be explored, set up a collaboration framework and suggest harmonized methods for future studies. A two-day workshop will serve as a basis for the writing of a publication summarizing existing data and their limitations, and will be the cradle of a network for Arctic soil ecologists that will span across countries but more importantly across domains of expertise: from plant roots and their consumers to microorganisms, gases and their impacts on the climate system.

Kick-off meeting of the Circum-Arctic Present and Future Ecology of the Soil Food Web Network

Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på år

Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015 fordelt på fagområde

Seniorforsker

VANN: Effects of a newly introduced benthic red alga on biodiversity and community structure in the coastal zone of Norway

The proposed project aims to develop links and cooperation between the Norwegian Energy-Sustainability Nexus lab (ESNL) and the French Laboratoire de Biotechnologie de l'Environnement (LBE, INRAE). The interest of such a collaboration is to further develop the hydrogen production activities by dark fermentation of both laboratories by pooling their respective competences. The visits in both institutes of PhD students involved in the field will allow them to develop the skills mastered in the host laboratory, to integrate the European biorefinery network and thus to disseminate the acquired skills more widely. The use of industrial hydrogen in France is responsible for 3% of the country's greenhouse gas emissions. Indeed, 95% of the hydrogen currently used comes from the reforming of fossil fuels, emitting 10 kgCO2/kgH2. Hydrogen is an energy carrier of growing interest in the context of the development of intermittent renewable energies and to ensure clean mobility. It is therefore necessary to develop new modes of hydrogen production having the lowest environmental impact.
In this context, dark fermentation allows the production of hydrogen by biological degradation of organic waste under anaerobic conditions. The waste treatment and hydrogen production services provided by this process make it part of the bioeconomy and are currently attracting a lot of interest. Moreover, compared to hydrogen production by water electrolysis (as main technology for massive H2 production), dark fermentation emits 8 times less CO2 per kg of H2 produced and is therefore one of the least polluting hydrogen production processes.  However, the development of this process is restricted by low hydrogen productivities that impair the process competitiveness in regards to water electrolysis. These low yields result from the presence of  non-hydrogen producing microorganisms or the accumulation of inhibitors

Green hydrogen technology using food waste via thermophiles

Under this project, the partners will form a collaborative research project titled “Technology Roadmap for Autonomous Feeder Loop Service” (TRAFLS). Despite rapid technological developments toward fully autonomous systems for the transport and logistics industry, their commercial applications still limited and needs attention. For deployment of autonomous transportation services, one of the major challenge is ensuring changes required in other interdependent systems and connecting those systems in a safe and seamless manner.  
The aim of this collaborative project is to investigate the process for building a logistics system for waterborne freight feeder loop service utilizing autonomous systems including maritime autonomous surface ships (MASS).  The expected outcome is a blueprint for the development of the logistics system, assessment of the maturity of relevant technologies, and prediction of the timing of the real-world application of the seamless and safe autonomous logistics system for feeder loop service.   
The study will be conducted in three stages. The first stage includes a review of literature and existing logistics system of waterborne feeder services to identify the key technologies used, and that are under development. Second, based on Delphi study framework, the inventory of key technologies required for the logistics system is mapped and analysed. Finally, experts predict the maturity of the technologies and real-world application of the autonomous waterborne freight feeder loop service. The outcome of the study will help policy makers in the related industries gain a better understanding of development and usefulness of the key technologies.

Technology Roadmap for Autonomous Feeder Loop Service

The  global  trend  to  extend  connectivity  to  many  devices  for  everyday  use  lead  to  the emergence of Edge computing. A paradigm where data and services are gradually pushed from the cloud which allows edge-level data storage and processing, increasing responsiveness through lower communication delay and lower transmitted traffic volumes.  To allow this evolution, more and more devices (mobile devices as well) at the edge need to be mobilized and aggregated to compensate in the vast amount of resources previously offered by could-based services.  These devices  are  closely  related  to  human  activity  and  as  such  mobility  is  expected.   As  different  levels of mobility are observed, from mostly static sensors to highly dynamic connected vehicles, resource provisioning in dynamic environments on consumer devices emerged as a challenge, from the network to the application layer. To address this challenge, we aim to research on highly self-aware software services design model considering its own capabilities, limitations, anticipated needs, and associated contextual properties that we refer to as cognitive services. The cognitive services are autonomously deployed and orchestrated on the Edge-Fog-Cloud nodes and can migrate to other nodes due to, e.g., resource usage efficiency reasons, or for fulfilling dynamic accuracy and latency requirements.

To succeed, we intend to address the following research challenges:
  • Energy-aware resource provisioning in an heterogeneous mobile context
  • Dynamic and self-learned cognitive services migration between nodes
  • Mobility-aware churn tolerant device-to-device communication

We  propose  activities  involving  exchange  of  staff  and  PhD students, strengthening  both  groups  in  Norway  and  France  and  providing  easier  access  to  the  other  groups  methods.   It  will  also  encourage  research  collaboration  and trigger initiatives for long lasting collaboration through EU-funded projects.

Cross-Layer Cognition in Mobile Edge Computing (CroCoMilE)

Fluid flow in deformable porous media is of high relevance in both France and Norway. Applications  with a strong multi-physics coupling range from subsurface activities as CO2 storage, geothermal energy, and nuclear waste management, to biomedical engineering as studying Alzheimer’s and osteoporosis. Many of these applications involve several interacting fluids, necessitating the study of multi-phase poromechanics.

State-of-the-art, fully coupled poromechanics models used in practice simply merge existing, partially linearized single-physics models for flow and deformation. This results in thermodynamical inconsistencies (e.g. possibly negative porosity and fluid mass), which does not allow for unconditional well-posedness as well as the development of unconditionally robust numerical methods.

The main goal of the GradFlowPoro project is to develop a methodology for realiable simulation of multi-phase poromechanics. This encompasses modeling, and development and analysis of numerical methods. First, a novel, thermodynamically consistent model for multi-phase poromechanics with a variational gradient flow structure will be established. Based on that, structure-preserving discretization methods, as well as robust nonlinear solvers will be developed and analyzed. The numerical methods will be implemented and practically tested using the open-source numerical library PorePy, tailored to multiphysics subsurface simulations in complex media.

To reach the goals of the GradFlowPoro project, the complementary expertise of the chosen partners of this project are paramount. Synergy is expected from active exchange of knowledge and research practice, which will also support the two secondary goals of this project: (i) to establish a new collaborative research environment between the Norwegian and French institutions; and (ii) to increase research networks in particular among the young researchers involved.

Gradient Flow Modelling of Multi-phase Flow in Deformable Porous Media

For the characterization of Arctic scenario, synthetic aperture radar (SAR) sensing plays a key-role. SAR satellites provide measurements regardless of weather conditions and natural illumination with high spatial resolution. In particular, the Sentinel-1 mission is considered an important operational data source for sea ice classification. Sea ice classification from SAR relies on the fact that different ice types have different signatures in the image. These are generally related to the physical nature of the ice surface, such as roughness or dielectric properties, or system and geometric properties, such as frequency, polarization, noise level, and incidence angle (IA).  Unfortunately, signal ambiguities and additive system noise might vary across each single scene, making the automatic interpretation of the scenes very cumbersome, which is why ice charting is still a partly manual process. 
It is then paramount to address the operations of denoising in SAR data analysis, so to enable an accurate understanding of the Arctic scenario. This would then allow to provide a precise characterization of the physical phenomena occurring over the regions of interest. To achieve this goal, it is also important to obtain a robust understanding of the physical models causing the signals to be analyzed, so to improve the effectiveness of the aforesaid denoising phase. In this respect, considering multiple data sources (e.g., optical remote sensing, in situ measurements) could help in designing the automatic data analysis schemes. Finally, it is important to address the uncertainty of the outputs of the data analysis scheme, i.e., to provide a degree of confidence on the analysis outcomes. COSMIC will address these points, by taking advantage of the expertise gained by the group at Telecom Paris in efficient and effective SAR-based data analysis, and of the expertise of the group at UiT in characterization of Arctic scenarios by multimodal data analysis.

Advanced processing of SAR images for the Arctic

The introduction of minimally invasive surgery in the 90’s, together with an increased public attention to surgeons’ competencies in general, have created an interest in how to acquire and test surgical skills outside of the operating room.  In addition, organizational changes such as increased focus on improved efficiency in operating rooms and a further increase in complexity in surgical skills and technical tools have altered the premises for the traditional apprenticeship model. 
Simulation-based training that reproduce vital parts of the surgical reality appear as a promising adjunct to the apprenticeship model. Simulation-based training and assessment, however, require simulators together with training and assessment programs that have enough support of validity for the intended use. 
 The health department in Norway have during the last years made changes to the structure of surgical education. One of them is the introduction of simulation-based training as both a compulsory and recommended training activity for surgeons in training. This is regarded as a positive step forward, but a step that need support, both in creating simulation-based training programs that have enough scientific support for the intended use, and further to exploit the possibilities of competency-based education where simulators are used to assess surgical skills.  We plan to look into these aspects, where a collaboration across French and Norwegian education systems will give valuable insight into differences and similarities. 
We plan to define a multi-center study with the clinical partners to create knowledge on what are good simulation-based training and how and which surgical skills can be assessed with the simulators, with the intention to create evidence-based simulation-based training programs and skills assessment that can be implemented in surgical education in Norway and France

Simulation-based training and assessment in laparoscopic surgery

In forests, wood is an essential component of carbon and nitrogen cycling and serves as habitat and resources for organisms like fungi, bacteria, insects. Saprotrophic fungi having powerful enzymatic and non-enzymatic mechanisms are key decomposers of the lignocellulosic complex in wood, affecting carbon sequestration in deadwood. Therefore, understanding the dynamics of deadwood decomposition by fungi is a key piece of the jigsaw for assessing how fungi contribute to the global carbon cycling. In the AURORA collaborative project, we will assess the underlying genetic and functional basis of assembly history (i.e the order species enter the decomposition process), and co-occurrences of fungi during the decomposition process. To address this objective, we will focus on polypore fungi, a group of saprotrophic fungi studied by both partners. We aim to combine existing data generated from past/current projects from the French partner expert in the annotation of fungal genomes for enzymes active on lignocellulose and the Norwegian partner specialized in ecology and conservation of polypore fungi in boreal forest. By involving students and early-career researchers, we will transfer technical skills and homogenize protocols across laboratories that will help authentication and traceability of genome sequenced polypore fungi being used as reference genomes. The ultimate objective of DynamForest is to initiate a European consortium, by regrouping a core team of researchers, stakeholders and relevant SMEs to focus on developing applied scientific ideas and writing large collaborative research projects for a better understanding of the dynamics of fungal communities and their enzymatic functions in biomass decay. DynamForest will generate new knowledge on the importance of assembly history in decomposition, which are important data for forest carbon modeling and ultimately for decision making relative to carbon sequestration and mitigation of global climate change.

Dynamics of deadwood decompostion tempo by forest fungi

Behandling av myeloide kreftformer er særskilt krevjande av fleire grunnar. Dei fleste pasientane er eldre, og toler ikkje optimal behandling. Dei får difor mildare behandling enn yngre pasientar. Det vil difor vera ein større risiko for at behandlinga ikkje lukkast, og at ein får terapi-resistent tilbakefall. I tillegg vil alle pasientar, både unge og eldre vera prega av biverknader frå behandlinga fleire år etter avslutta terapi. For nokre pasientar er dei prega for resten av livet. Dette er særskilt alvorleg for born som gjennomgår cellegift-behandling.
Me ynskjer å nytta nanobærarar til å betra behandlinga av myeloide kreftformer. Ved å innkapsla legemiddel i nanobærarar, skjermar ein friske organ for eksponering av cellegifter, samstundes som det er mogeleg å retta nanobærarane til å akkumulera i organ som er råka av kreft, d.v.s. beinmargen for myeloide kreftformer. Nanobærarar som liposom er allereie nytta som legemiddelbærar for cellegift for å redusera hjartetoksisitet hjå kreftpasientar. I tillegg er det mogeleg å innkapsla fleire legemiddel i samme nanobærar slik at ein får samstundes levering av ein cocktail av cellegifter til kreftcellene.
Me ynskjer å etablera eit samarbeid med ein av dei leiande forksingsinstitusjonane i Europa innan nanoformuleringar, Institut Galien, ved Univ. Paris-Saclay. Dei har utvikla metodar for å innkapsla legemiddel som har ulike fysikalsk-kjemiske eigenskapar, og som kan tilpassast fleire ulike molekyl. Dette er sentralt i prosjektet, for me ynskjer å finna molekyl med best mogeleg aktivitet, uavhengig av kjemiske eigenskapar.
Ved prosjektslutt forventar me å ha ein eller to nanoformuleringar med eitt eller fleire legemiddel, der me har demonstrert effektivitet mot myeloide kreftceller, samt redusert biverknader.

Drug repurposing for improved therapy of myeloid cancers

Scientifically the project is concerned with a new way to harvest energy from sources accessible for in vivo devices. These sources can be of mechanical, thermal, or photonic nature, but within the body the energy that can harvested from each of them individually is rather small. In our novel approach we will investigate a material system that can harvest energy from all three of these sources simultaneously, meaning a system that shows piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic properties: BaTiO3 (BT). BT is an inorganic solid that is brittle in nature and therefore difficult to apply in vivo. We will therefore develop and investigate composite samples that consist of a flexible polymer matrix with BT embedded in nanoparticle form. The piezoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic response of these samples will be tested under single and multiple stimuli to clarify the interrelationship between the three different functionalities and determine the energy harvesting potential. As materials embedded into the body have to be chemically stable or show controlled dissolution, the chemical and functional stability of the samples will be investigated in the presence of simulated body fluid. 
This project will be conducted by several young researchers in the laboratories at NTNU and at Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec. Mutual research visits that include workshops on topics fundamental to the project will broaden their technical expertise. Furthermore, the experience of working in an international research team can not be underestimated as it shows the variety in approaching scientific questions.
The project will serve as a seed to develop a large Innovative Training Network (ITN) including more collaboration partners all over Europe.

MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015

VANN: Effects of a newly introduced benthic red alga on biodiversity and community structure in the coastal zone of Norway

Awarded: NOK 2.6 mill.

Funding scheme:

MILJØ2015-Norsk miljøforskning mot 2015

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics