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Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

Prosjektet har som mål å utforske og utvikle matematiske og numeriske metoder for å analysere stokastiske transportligninger. Disse ligningene er essensielle for å forstå hvordan tilfeldige fluktuasjoner (støy) påvirker dynamiske systemer som turbulens, vannbølger, geofysiske strømmer, og kompressibel væskebevegelse. Transportligninger er en type partielle differensialligninger som brukes til å modellere bevegelse og spredning av størrelser som masse, energi eller kjemiske stoffer i et medium. Disse ligningene tar hensyn til hastighetsfeltet, som beskriver retning og hastighet av bevegelsen i mediet. Ved å inkludere stokastiske elementer i disse modellene, kan vi ta høyde for tilfeldige påvirkninger eller støy som oppstår i systemet. Dette er avgjørende fordi mange naturlige og industrielle prosesser er utsatt for uforutsigbare faktorer, som kan ha innvirkning på deres dynamikk. Prosjektet fokuserer på gradientstøy, hvor hastighetsfeltene påvirkes av støy. Dette muliggjør energibevarende løsninger, noe som er ønskelig i fluidmekanikk. Energibevaring refererer til prinsippet om at den totale energien i et lukket system forblir konstant over tid, selv om den kan endre form. Konvensjonelle tilnærminger legger til såkalt Itô støy i kildeledd, noe som kontinuerlig tilfører energi. Gradientstøy krever avanserte matematiske verktøy for å håndtere dens komplekse påvirkning på systemene. Vi bruker Stratonovich- og Marcus-type fluktuasjoner for å representere denne støyen i hastighetsfeltene til transportligningene. Prosjektet har som mål å utvikle nye matematiske og numeriske teorier for å håndtere de spesifikke utfordringene som gradientstøy medfører. Vi fokuserer på å forstå superkritiske transportligninger, ikke-lineære bølgeligninger, og kompressibel Navier-Stokes ligninger. Viktige spørsmål er: (1) Har disse stokastiske ligningene en løsning? (2) Er løsningen entydig? (3) Er løsningen stabil ved endringer i inngangsdataene? (4) Hvordan kan løsningen beregnes numerisk?

Our project is at the cutting edge of numerical analysis of SPDEs affected by transport noise. Such equations have emerged as a focal point in mathematical research, due to their critical applications in areas like fluid dynamics, turbulence modeling, and geophysical flows. This heightened interest is driven by the need for deeper understanding and precise analysis of these complex phenomena, where SPDEs offer vital insights and predictive capabilities. What sets our research apart is its emphasis on transport-dominated systems driven by gradient noise operators. Prior numerical analysis studies have explored SPDEs with stochastic forcing, but the examination of gradient noise is still in its infancy. The complexity of gradient noise, involving anisotropic (integro-) differential operators due to stochastic calculus, presents unique challenges. There is a pressing need to develop methods that preserve the hyperbolic structure of these equations. Our project aims to pioneer this field by devising theoretically sound numerical algorithms and creating novel frameworks for stability and convergence. Our work considers supercritical transport equations, nonlinear wave equations, and the compressible Navier-Stokes equations. Research on stochastic transport equations is inspired by the famous Kraichnan turbulence model, which posits advection through a Gaussian velocity field. Yet, there is a growing consensus that noise in turbulent velocities might be better represented by a Lévy process with jumps. As the second main advancement of our project, we are breaking new ground by pioneering the analysis of SPDEs affected by Marcus-type gradient noise. This area is critically important yet hardly explored, with vast potential for groundbreaking discoveries. Marcus noise is distinct for adhering to the Newton-Leibniz chain rule, which is important in fluid dynamics, unlike the Stratonovich interpretation which fails to do so in the presence of jumps.

NASTRAN: Numerical Analysis of Stochastic TRANsport

Dyrearter over hele verden har endret atferd og migrasjonsmønstre som respons på klimaendringer, og globalt opplever vi en økning i tap av biologisk mangfold. Flaggermus utgjør den nest største pattedyrordenen i verden. Likevel vet vi fremdeles relativt lite om hvordan individer og populasjoner påvirkes av klimaendringer. Flaggermus har lav reproduksjonsrate og trenger mye mat relativt til den beskjedne kroppsstørrelsen. Forskere antar derfor at flaggermus er spesielt følsomme for klimaendringer. For å kunne gi gode råd om forvaltning og bevaring, må vi først vite hvilke egenskaper som gjør en flaggermusart mer sårbar, og hvilke årstider som gir dem de største utfordringene ved nordlige breddegrader; selv om vinteren i nord er lang og kald kan sommeren vise seg å være en større utfordring for nattaktive dyr, med lyse og korte sommernetter som begrenser tiden flaggermus har til å finne mat. Gjennom dette prosjektet prøver vi å finne ut hva som driver atferdsmessige, fysiologiske, eller sesongmessige responser på klimaendringer hos nordiske flaggermus fra sør til nord i Fennoskandia. Vi forsøker også å identifisere mulige tidsperioder som reduserer overlevelse hos nordiske flaggermus i lys av fremtidige klima-scenarioer, der hver årstid har sine egne dilemmaer små flaggermus må overvinne for å overleve. Dette prosjektet er et teoretisk modelleringsprosjekt, og et 3-årig forskningssamarbeid mellom BatLab Norway (NMBU) og BatLab Finland (universitetet i Helsinki).

Climate change will continue to alter weather conditions, food webs and energy requirements for species globally over the next decades, with escalating rates of warming especially predicted in the north. Bats belong to the second most species-rich mammal group in the world and are believed to be particularly sensitive to future climate change; however, we still have little knowledge on the mechanisms behind behavioral, physiological, and phenological responses to climate change in bats.

Nordic bats live in seasonal environments and face particular energetic dilemmas each season, that ultimately impact their survival- or reproductive chances. Common for these energetic dilemmas is that Nordic bats can use energy-saving behaviours (torpor and hibernation) throughout the annual cycle, but face certain costs in return. However, the costs and benefits of using these behaviours depend on individual state and on current and future environmental conditions, which demands a certain level of environmental predictability in order for bats to optimise their decisions.

With prospects of the weather becoming more unpredictable in the north, it has never been more urgent to identify potential bottlenecks for species living close to the border of their distribution limits, and to identify the traits that make them vulnerable to climate change.

In this project I will use stochastic dynamic state-dependent optimization models to identify the mechanisms behind responses to climate change in different Nordic bat species across seasons and latitudes. Such models evaluate costs and benefits of different behaviors, calculates the optimal decision under various conditions, and predicts the consequences of each choice, finally allowing us to simulate long-term population survival.

By combining the expertise of BatLab Finland and BatLab Norway I will be able to detect the seasonal limitations for survival and reproduction in Nordic bats across a latitudinal gradient.

Vulnerability of Nordic bat species to climate change: identifying seasonal bottlenecks across latitudes (NordBats)

The project aims to develop a high-fidelity MVP of robotic furniture designed to optimize urban living spaces and enhance life quality. This initiative merges advanced robotics and AI with practical design to address space efficiency in densely populated areas.

Key R&D challenges include integrating robotics and AI to create adaptable furniture systems, ensuring safety through rigorous testing and third-party certifications, and applying real-world feedback to refine functionality. The project involves significant technical and regulatory hurdles in engineering consumer-friendly, safe, and responsive furniture.

Starting December 2024, a 2 + 6 months pilot phase with 2 selected Norwegian businesses will test the product's real-world application and collect operational data. Feedback from end-users will be gathered through qualitative interviews, informing iterative improvements to enhance design and functionality.

This project leverages existing scientific, technical, and business knowledge in innovative ways, aiming to develop a unique product that sets new industry standards. It is characterized as experimental development, pushing technological boundaries in furniture design.

By end 2025, feedback and pilot data will be used to finalize a market-ready product, ensuring it meets user needs for functionality and aesthetics. This initiative represents a pioneering effort to transform urban living, combining experimental development with practical application to create sustainable and adaptable living solutions.

Development of high-fidelity MVP of AI driven robotic furniture to be piloted in realistic environment with pilot clients.

I Nordsjøen finnes det organisk rike leirlag som har blitt begravd til flere kilometers dyp. Når slike leirlag blir begravd til flere kilometers dyp, blir de så varme at de begynner å generere olje og gass. Av all oljen og gassen som har blitt generert i Nordsjøen, har hele 98% lekket ut til havet over geologisk tid. Men hvor skjer dette? Hvor mye lekker ut? Hvilke miljøkonsekvenser har det? Hvordan påvirker det planer for CO2-lagring at væsker kan sive ut naturlig noen steder? Og kan det gi ny innsikt i hvor man bør lete etter olje og gass? Dette er spørsmål som InFluSe-prosjektet skal svare på. 

InFluSe står for "Integrated study of Fluid Migration and Seepage in the Southern Norwegian North Sea - Impact on Hydrocarbons, Environment, and CO2 storage". På grunn av de viktige konsekvensene hydrokarbonlekkasje i Nordsjøen har, er det mange som er interessert i dette prosjektet. Prosjektet ledes av Universitetet i Bergen, og har partnere fra industri, akademia og statsadminstrasjon, og disse partnerene inkluderer UiT, Equnior, Vår Energi, AkerBP, Aarhus Universitet, Geomar Kiel, Havforskningsinstituttet og Sokkeldirektoratet. 

I løpet av det første av fire år, skal vi ansette fire PhD-kandidater og gjennomføre et tokt på 20 dager med forskningsskipet G.O. Sars. Den første av PhD-stipendiatene skal bruke satellittdata til å undersøke hvor, når og hvorfor olje lekker i Nordsjøen. Den andre PhDen skal undersøke eksisterende brønn-, kjerne- og seismikk-data fra Nordsjøen for å finne ut hvilke veier hydrokarbonene migrerer under bakken. Den tredje skal samle inn og prosessere nye høy-oppløselige 3D-seismiske data over områder med mye lekkasje for å undersøke hvordan hydrokarbonene kommer seg gjennom takbergartene. Den siste skal undersøke geokjemiske og biologiske prøver fra hydrokarbonoppkommene for å finne ut hvor de kommer fra, hvor lenge de har vert aktive, og hvilke påvirkninger de har på miljøet.

In the Southern Norwegian North Sea (SNNS), analysis of satellite radar data supported by recent scientific cruise activity reveals a previously unknown pattern of natural oil seepage. This seepage pattern indicates the presence of a widespread and previously unknown hydrocarbon migration system. Combined with the extreme availability of subsurface data in the study area and our ability to conduct scientific cruises with state-of-the-art research vessels, the observed seepage pattern makes it possible to characterize and understand migration of fluids in sedimentary basins from source to seep, at a hitherto unparalleled level of detail. Through an integrated and cross-disciplinary research program, the InFluSe project partners will create a complete understanding of hydrocarbon migration and seepage in the SNNS through two scientific cruises, a comprehensive analysis and modelling program, and education of 4 PhDs and >10 MScs in the disciplines of geomatics, subsurface geology, geophysics and geochemistry. Firstly, we will determine the hydrocarbon migration pathways in the SNNS area and develop a baseline of natural hydrocarbon seepage in terms of distribution and rates that past and potential future well-related emissions can be evaluated against. Secondly, improved knowledge about distribution and rates of hydrocarbon seeps in the Norwegian North Sea will make it possible to assess the geological contribution of hydrocarbons, carbon and methane (the most important greenhouse gas after CO2) to the environment and atmosphere, something that is poorly understood from both a conceptual and regional perspective, and may be exacerbated by the shallow depth of seepage here. Thirdly, several CO2 storage licenses are in place in the SNNS and the impact of the observed seepage on the CO2 storage integrity in these areas will be addressed by InFluSe. Finally, understanding of pathways of hydrocarbon migration will help improve play models and de-risk exploration prospects.

Integrated study of Fluid Migration and Seepage in the Southern Norwegian North Sea - Impact on Hydrocarbons, Environment, and CO2 storage

By step-change EURAD-2 means a new era via a more effective and efficient public research, development and demonstration (RD&D) in Europe, and a deepening of research cooperation between MS having different radioactive waste inventories, and with programs at various stages of development. 

The scope of EURAD-2 builds upon the achievements of EJP EURAD-1 and EURATOM PREDIS. At a strategic level it is structured by the EURAD-1 Roadmap, while the prioritized scope refers to the updated Strategic Research Agenda (SRA)6. EURAD-2 continues to collaboratively develop, maintain and consolidate at the European level the scientific and technical basis of RWM, including disposal.

The scope of EURAD-2 includes scientific and technical activities on all steps (from “cradle to grave”) of RWM:
- Radioactive waste inventory including steps to minimize final radioactive waste to be managed;
- Radioactive waste characterization & processing (including pre-treatment, treatment and conditioning);
- Interim storage of radioactive waste; and
- Disposal solutions – with the main focus on geological disposal of spent fuel, high-level waste (HLW) and long-lived intermediate level waste (ILW).

Specific RD&D required for near-surface or surface disposal and low-level waste (LLW), will be addressed.Nuclear facility dismantling and decommissioning activities are however excluded, although interfaces, and particularly aspects that impacts final disposal could be considered.

The project aims to connect with the wider European Community through, e.g., SNETP, NEA, DigiDECOM community, IGDTP, IAEA, ENSREG, ERDO Association,  and will encourage interaction between different national programmes.

EUROPEAN PARTNERSHIP ON RADIOACTIVE WASTE MANAGEMENT 2 (EURAD-2)

Noen av de mest mangfoldige slektene på planeten vår finnes på øyer. Likevel er øyer ofte avsidesliggende og isolerte, og øyarter har små populasjonsstørrelser som gjør naturlig utvalg mindre effektivt og fører til høyere utryddelsesrater. Dette skaper et paradoks: hvordan kan vi observere så stort biologisk mangfold på øyer hvis forholdene tilsynelatende er ugunstige for diversifisering?

I dette prosjektet har vi som mål å utforske dette spørsmålet ved å sekvensere genomer fra tusenfryd (familie Asteraceae) på Galápagos. Vi vil fokusere på tre slekter som er hjemmehørende på Galápagos: Darwiniothamnus, Lecocarpus og Scalesia. Ved å analysere genetiske data håper vi å avdekke hvordan endringer i populasjonsstørrelse, artsdannelse, kolonisering av nye miljøer og populasjonsvekst har bidratt til diversifisering. Vi vil også identifisere genomiske trekk forbundet med diversifisering, med fokus på utviklingen av strukturelle varianter og pangenom-variasjon.

This proposal will study how isolated lineages generate and maintain genetic diversity. Three replicate radiations of the sunflower family on the Galápagos Islands – Scalesia, Lecocarpus and Darwiniothamnus will be investigated. Despite the constraints imposed by founder events, small population sizes, and inbreeding, these radiations exhibit remarkable ecological and phenotypic diversity, prompting the question: how do isolated lineages generate and maintain genetic diversity?

Understanding the mechanisms of genetic diversity generation and maintenance is crucial for predicting the ability of species to recover from human-induced population declines. Habitat fragmentation, habitat destruction, and climate change are rapidly diminishing species diversity worldwide, making it imperative to identify the factors that contribute to the recovery of genetic variation. In this context, insular lineages can serve as model systems as their outstanding diversity arises following a founder event. The findings of this research will directly inform conservation efforts by collaboration with the GalápagosVerde2050 project.

Our research will employ molecular and bioinformatic methods. This includes the ancestral recombination graph to determine the age of genetic variation of different genomic regions, comparing empirical to simulated data, and assessing the role of structural variants and pangenomes in local adaptation. We aim to produce three high-impact manuscripts that offer insights into the generation and maintenance of genetic diversity.

IslandParadox - Unraveling the Paradox of Genetic Diversity in Isolated Oceanic Lineages

Achieving effective reduction in greenhouse emissions necessitates both preventing resource depletion and offering sustainable solutions to meet the increasing demand for energy. The technology developed in the NEXPECH2 project effectively addresses the above-mentioned challenges by using solar energy to convert water to green hydrogen (H2) under standard atmospheric temperature and pressure. Green hydrogen is a clean, sustainable chemical fuel that can be stored on a large scale for a long time and used to replace fossil fuels as a means of energy storage, transportation fuel, and feedstock. The NEXPECH2 ultimate goal is to deliver green H2 on a prototype lab-scale via development of a innovative photoelectrochemical (PEC) system for maximized solar light harvesting and efficient solar conversion to H2. The project will develop a low-cost compact device with an objective of reaching 10% solar-to-fuel efficiency and <10% degradation over 200 h operation.

Next generation photoelectrochemical cell for hydrogen generation (NEXPECH2)

Limb wounds in horses are common, however healing is exceedingly slow and fraught with complications. Contrary to body wounds, limb wounds demonstrate only a small amount of wound contraction. The specialist procedure of applying split-thickness skin grafts to limb wounds stimulates wound contraction by unknown mechanisms. The objective of this project is to identify those mechanisms to develop a treatment strategy for equine limb wounds for use in general  practice. Limb wounds are severely impacting animal welfare due to an extended healing/treatment duration, and the risk of euthanasia due to a poor functional outcome. By stimulating wound contraction, healing time will be reduced, and the functional outcome improved, directly benefitting the welfare of wounded horse and reducing treatment cost for the owner. Aim: To identify dermal components stimulating wound contraction, and to develop this knowledge into future state-of-the-art treatment of equine limb wounds for use in general practice. Hypotheses: i) Application of dermal fractions to collagen gels seeded with equine fibroblasts will increase gel contraction in vitro; ii) Application of dermal fractions to experimental limb wounds in vivo, will increase wound contraction resulting in a faster healing time versus wounds treated by conventional methods. Methods: i) The contractile effect of different dermal components will be assessed in a collagen gel/ fibroblast model; ii) Identified dermal components will be tested in a standardized experimental limb wound model in vivo (n=5). Ultimately, results from this project are expected to improve wound treatment in horses, directly impacting animal welfare by reducing healing time and improving the functional outcome of wounded horses. This will also directly benefit horse owners and caretakers and making veterinarians able to offer better treatment solutions.

HESTEFORSK - Raskere og bedre sårheling hos hest med autologe hudkomponenter

Verden var i endring mellom det 4. og 8. århundre. Det var en tid da Romeriket hadde utfordringer. Gamle sannheter ble stilt spørsmål ved etter hvert som kristendommen påvirket alle nivåer av samfunnet. I denne verdenen sto Romas sentrale fora som selve legemliggjørelsen av romersk tradisjon med sine politiske, historiske og religiøse monumenter. Imidlertid måtte selv de gamle foraene endres. Dermed ble kristen graffiti ristet inn på et av templene deres tidlig på 400-tallet. Graffitiene var et slående resultat av områdets kristning og det tidligste arkeologiske beviset på denne prosessen. Til tross for dette finnes det ingen systematisk analyse av graffitien. Flere er fortsatt upubliserte, samtidig som de gradvis forsvinner på grunn av forurensing. De må dokumenteres nå for å unngå at de skal bli borte. FROG vil 1) digitalt bevare den kristne graffitien, 2) gi ny kunnskap om foraenes bruk og betydning i Roma i tidlig middelalder ved å analysere graffitiene i deres romlige og tidsmessige kontekst, og 3) styrke forståelsen av foraenes rolle i fremveksten av kristen pilegrimsferd og identitet ved å analysere graffitiene i deres kulturelle kontekst. Ved å bruke skriftlige, epigrafiske og arkeologiske kilder analyserer FROG foraenes kristne graffiti, bruk og rolle i Romas kristning gjennom menneskelige handlinger. Analysen er basert på en innovativ kombinasjon av kollektiv minneteori, resilience theory og activity spaces, som gjør det mulig å tolke samspillet mellom foraenes fysiske og mentale landskap. Denne tilnærmingen gir en unik mulighet til å forstå hvordan mennesker fra alle samfunnslag formet foraene for å reflektere deres identitet og behov. Dermed er FROG nyskapende i sitt studiemateriale, sin metode, sitt teoretiske rammeverk og sitt søkelys på et bredere spekter av Romas aktører utenfor eliten. FROG vil resultere i ny kunnskap om utviklingen av det romerske imperiets mest symbolske steder under en avgjørende periode med urban og religiøs forandring.

In the 5th century, Christian graffiti were incised on a temple near the Forum Romanum – the heart of pagan Rome. They were a striking result of the area’s Christianisation - potentially the earliest archaeological evidence of this process. Rome’s Imperial fora and the Forum Romanum were essential cultural, political, economic, and religious centres used and adapted by the city’s inhabitants between the 4th and the 8th centuries. They are thus critical case studies of the Roman Empire’s Christianisation. Their graffiti offer a unique opportunity to examine this process from a non-elite perspective. Despite this, no thorough analysis of these graffiti exists. Several are still unpublished, while pollution is eroding them. They must be documented to avoid ultimate disappearance. FROG will 1) digitally preserve the Christian graffiti, 2) provide new knowledge of the fora’s use and meaning in early medieval Rome by analysing the graffiti in their spatial and temporal context, and 3) enhance the understanding of the fora’s role in the emergence of Christian pilgrimage and identity by analysing the graffiti in their cultural context. Using written, epigraphical, and archaeological sources, FROG analyses the fora’s Christian graffiti, use, and role in Rome’s Christianisation through human acts. The analysis is based on an innovative and ambitious combination of collective memory theory, resilience theory, and activity spaces, enabling the interpretation of the interplay between the fora’s physical and mental landscape. This approach provides a unique opportunity to look beyond elite monuments and understand how humans shaped the fora to reflect their identity and needs. Thus, FROG is innovative in its study material, method, theoretical framework, and focus on a broader range of Rome’s actors beyond the elite. This will result in new knowledge on the development of the Roman Empire’s most symbolically important sites during a crucial period of urban and religious change.

The Fora of Rome and their Christian Graffiti (4th-8th centuries)

Midlene fra FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg fordelt på år

Midlene fra FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg fordelt på fagområde

Functional genomics studied by modern mass spectrometry

The implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is envisioned as a key step toward building more resilient and sustainable cities, because of the multiple benefits NBS can provide (e.g., urban flood, heat and drought mitigation, biodiversity restoration, recreation, etc.). Recent research both at NTNU and INSA focussed on design, modelling, and monitoring of NBS. However, the transition toward urban resilience requires the co-existence of NBS with traditional sewer networks as hybrid “green-grey” systems, with a particular attention to asset management and their maintenance. Indeed, the successful implementation of NBS is being slowed down by the lack of knowledge on their long-term performances. The CONPASS projects aims at studying NBS in the frame of asset management, by targeting: (i) uncertainty regarding the long-term behaviour of these solutions, (ii) effect of lack of maintenance and climate change on their performance, and (iii) ignorance of their practical effectiveness and co-benefits as a barrier to their adoption.
The CONPASS project will strengthen the collaboration between NTNU and INSA both in short- and long-term actions. Both partners will share their long-term expertise on NBS (in terms of design, modelling, performance assessment and long-term monitoring) through guest lectures, and MSc and PhD exchange which will also serve ongoing R&D projects at partner institutions. In a longer-term academic collaboration, CONPASS will aim at the elaboration of a proposal for Horizon Europe calls, benefiting from both partner’s competences in NBS and asset management. In particular, it will help to put in common competences, monitoring practices and several long-term NBS datasets which are needed to address the aforementioned barrier to successful implementation of NBS.

Collaboration On Nature-based solutions Performance Assessment

In polar regions and high-altitude mountain ranges, snow algae blooms develop during summer and form colorful surfaces in melting snow. Snow algae not only contribute to primary production and carbon dioxide absorption in snow ecosystems, but these blooms also darken the snow surface, increasing the absorbance of thermal energy and contributing to accelerated melting of these habitats. A wide diversity of snow-algae species and associated microbes have been observed in snow microbiomes, yet little is known about how environmental conditions and the behaviour of cells interact and potentially promote the development, functioning and community dynamics of visible surface blooms. In this project we aim to understand how temperature and biotic interactions affect the behavior of snow-algae adapted to life in the Arctic. Our investigations will first focus on describing the effect of temperature variations on key cellular structures and then explore how snow algae respond to signals from, and interactions with, other microbes.

Unraveling the effects of biotic interactions on snow algae behaviour

The backdrop for our collaboration is rooted in the historical and current landscape of the natural wine industry. The resurgence in popularity of natural wines, tracing back to its modern beginnings in France in the 1950s (Vigneron, 2022) and the subsequent boom after Isabelle Legeron's Raw Wine gained prominence in 2009 (Raw Wine, 2023), underscores the industry's momentum (Sprayregen, 2020). In 2020, the formal recognition of natural wine in France as ‘vin méthode nature’ further highlighted the need to navigate its diverse labelling practices. Through our online experiments, we aim to pinpoint the specific attribute that holds the most value for consumers, delve into the consumer-based food label equity, and understand the premium consumers place on certain labels. The end goal is twofold: to provide actionable insights to producers on enhancing the value of their labels and to empower consumers with the knowledge to discern and select high-quality products. In essence, we are on a quest to bridge the gap between producer intentions and consumer perceptions, ensuring both parties find maximum value.

Sustainability Wine Labelling: A French – Norwegian Scientific Cooperation

Every year, road traffic accidents claim 1.35 million lives and cost countries 3% of their GDP, making them a grave concern worldwide. Norway, in its 2022-2033 National Transport Plan, prioritizes Vision Zero for road safety. Among accident types, run-out-off road crashes contribute significantly to fatalities. To mitigate these crashes, roadside barriers are installed, but they still cause severe accidents, particularly involving motorcyclists and infrastructure like bridge columns, leading to traffic disruptions and economic losses. Installing energy absorbers on critical elements can bolster road infrastructure resilience. This project focuses on optimizing the placement and mechanical behavior of these energy absorbers to reduce collision damages and minimize traffic recovery time. Therefore, the following progress is needed, involving: 1) modeling, understanding, and developing architected structures to satisfy the need for traffic collision energy absorbers, 2) evaluating the efficiency of energy absorbers on infrastructure resilience, and 3) vehicle to infrastructure collision modeling. To address this multidisciplinary goal, we gathered a team of recognized researchers with expertise in material science, structural engineering, transport infrastructure, and traffic engineering. This Aurora project will strengthen the collaboration between French and Norwegian partners. Based on the activities planned in this project, both partners will develop a common understanding and knowledge to initiate an R&D proposal for the Horizon project and/or other European initiatives (such as JPI Urban Europe, Erasmus+, and Marie Curie ITN). Moreover, this collaboration will also promote research-based education activities by enhancing staff and student mobility.

POlymer architected structures for Traffic ENergy absorbers in Transport InfrastructuraAL systems

This collaborative effort will boost several projects in the field of nanofluid heat transfer that are currently on in Norway and France. This research direction has been prevalent in the past two decades due to the simplicity of nanofluid production. However, from research literature and user experience, only some developments managed to step out of the lab. The price, toxicity, and un-even colloidal stability are the major obstacles limiting nanofluids from becoming, as initially thought, universal heat transfer fluids. However, there are applications where nanofluids are game changers: solar thermal technology and heat pipes. Both the Norwegian and the French groups run projects in these directions. The French group has developed stable graphene-based nanofluids where very low nanoparticle concentrations significantly improve the base fluid's thermophysical properties. The Norwegian team from Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) has successfully conducted a project on the solar evaporation of nanofluids using concentrated solar power. The project resulted in a 20%-increase enhancement of steam generation when the carbon-based nanofluid was used instead of the conventional technology. This observation finds promising applications in solar desalination and CSP. The subsequent Norwegian project concerns the fundamentals of photothermal boiling in nanofluids, where the kinetics of boiling are discovered by medical imaging and acoustics. The Norwegian team also runs an innovation project. In this project, an eco-friendly nanofluid based on organic particles was developed and used as an optical absorber in a custom-made solar collector. French and Norwegian groups possess unique knowledge, equipment, and numerical models. The planned exchange brings a spark to an efficient fusion of this potential and the further strategic development of our research field.

Norwegian-French collaboration in nanofluid heat transfer

Together with our partners in France, we aim to build an modeling infrastructure that can consistently simulate the Greenland ice sheet over the entire glacial cycle and validate the results using the best available reconstructions. This can greatly improve our understanding of ice sheet stability and sea level rise. We will also address the important question of how robust the modeling tools are that we use to estimate future sea level rise.
Besides the exciting science questions that our new tools enable, another important objective of this project is to establish a strong international collaboration, firmly rooted in shared development of key methods. We believe that this project is an optimal foundation for future joint research projects, especially targeting European research programs.

Exchange and Collaboration for Paleo Ice Sheet Integration

We propose a two-year project that facilitates the interaction and development of a collaboration between NGI and OCA scientists. Our team brings together expertise in tsunami hazard modeling, as well as tsunami source modeling. The team proposes to develop a methodology to remotely sense tsunami propagation across the open ocean and estimate critical characteristics, e.g., tsunami height. They will do this via observations of the tsunami's imprint on the ionosphere via data collected from GNSS satellite-receiver pairs. The team plans to deliver an open-source software repository based on existing forward modeling and inversion code provided by a 2018 PhD. This code will lay the foundation for further development of the EU Horizon project idea by helping to identify how well various observation platforms (e.g., low-earth orbit satellite receivers) provide tsunami-related ionosphere signals. The team will identify which platforms might be suitable for real-time data exploitation from the standpoint of being used a tsunami early-warning tool. The results of these initial discussions and preliminary studies (some already started at NGI in 2023) will facilitate discussions and provide a framework to develop a novel tsunami monitoring methodology based on remote ionosphere observations.

Ionospheric monitoring of tsunamis from low-earth orbit satellites

The project aims to establish long-term scientific cooperation in Theoretical Computer Science between the Algorithms Research Group of the Department of Informatics of the University of Bergen (UiB) and the Algorithms, Graphs and Combinatorics (AlGCo) team of LIRMM (Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics and Microelectronics of Montpellier). Within our project, we plan to attack hard computational problems on graphs in their most general form, combining the multivariate analysis with algorithmic meta-theorems and structural decompositions. Achieving the scientific objectives would demand a close collaboration of researchers of the AlGCo team of LIRMM and the Algorithms Research Group of UiB. The ALGCo team has a strong background in logic, algorithmic meta-theorems, and graph decompositions. The UiB part has a word-class leadership in all aspects of parameterized computation and other algorithmic techniques. Realizing the project's objective requires a combination of all these topics, which supports the complementarity of the two teams. Our main purpose is to extend the existing and initiate a new collaboration between the AlGCo team and the Algorithms Research Group. The proposal's key objective is to build a consortium for a project application within the Horizon Europe programme and to set up a LIA (Laboratoire International Associé).

Extending Tractability Bounds: Logic and Structure for Algorithms

This project formalizes an institutional collaboration between SUM (University of Oslo) and KEDGE, two leading European spaces for research on the changing role of the private sector in society. This multi-disciplinary engagement will take the initial form of four exchange visits, two by SUM researchers to KEDGE, and two by KEDGE researchers to SUM. It is also designed to build competency for two promising early career researchers, and provide an opportunity for scholars and researchers outside the direct project to also have an opportunity to engage and collaborate.

Through four team visits (two in Oslo and two in Bordeaux over the project period), the project will create a groundwork and institutional capacity for multiple future grant applications on the emerging global societal role of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles that nearly all large firms now incorporate. Our primary research question that we aim to develop into at least two large-scale proposals is:

How and why does ESG expand and challenge business-society relations in fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) settings?

We have the following subquestions:

1) What is the relationship between business activity, violent conflict, and the role of ESG components within this relationship? In other words, how do ESG activities influence (or not) the likelihood of violent conflict?

2) How is ESG similar or different in FCV settings when compared to non-FCV settings, and do these practices have material impacts on the firm and/or society?

This mobility project will allow project PIs Miklian, Barkemeyer and Hanoteau to formally collaborate for the first time, bridging disciplines of management, peacebuilding, corporate social responsibility, economics, and development studies. These interconnections will force new breakthroughs in business-society scholarship.

FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg

Functional genomics studied by modern mass spectrometry

Awarded: NOK 7.4 mill.

Funding scheme:

FUGE-Funksjonell genomforskn.i Norg

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Thematic Areas and Topics