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Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Prosjektet går ut på å invitere forskere fra norske eller utenlandske universiteter til å presentere sin forskning om økonomi og klima ved Handelshøyskolen ved Universitetet i Stavanger (HHUiS).

Dette skjer i form av et seminar som vanligvis finner sted en gang i uken. En kjent forsker fra et annet universitet kommer til Stavanger og holder et 60-minutters seminar og har en rekke møter med forskere i Stavanger. Vi prøver å ha minst 6-8 møter per gjest. I tillegg spiser gjesten lunsj og middag med UiS-ansatte.

Disse seminarene er en del av en eksisterende seminarserie som også tar for seg andre klimaspørsmål. En stor del av seminarene er imidlertid fokusert på klimaendringer og økonomi, og det er kun til disse seminarene vi søker midler.

En aktiv seminarrekke er hjertet i et forskningsuniversitet, og svært viktig for at forskerne ved universitetet skal kunne utvikle seg og være en aktiv del av det globale forskningsmiljøet. Dessverre må vi av budsjettmessige årsaker kutte ned på denne aktiviteten i år og fremover, og derfor sender vi denne søknaden for å be om midler til denne aktiviteten.

UiS har et meget energisk forskerteam innen økonomi og klima. For eksempel ble Dora Simons forskning nylig nevnt i The Economist, Anders Åkermans forskning ble denne uken nevnt av Det hvite hus i den amerikanske presidentens årlige økonomiske rapport, og Torfinn Harding skriver jevnlig artikler i Dagens Næringsliv og opptrer på norsk TV. For at denne gruppen skal overleve, er det svært viktig å kunne arrangere seminarer om klimaendringer på høyeste internasjonale nivå.

Seminarer med internasjonale forskere om økonomi og klima ved Universitetet i Stavanger

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


RETRACE-prosjektet, som strekker seg over tre år, tar for seg den økende trusselen fra naturkatastrofer, som har rammet over 2,3 milliarder mennesker siden 2000-tallet. RETRACE fokuserer på lokalsamfunn i Arktis og Stillehavsområdet, som marquisene i Fransk Polynesia, samene og kvenene i Norge og ahtnaene i Alaska, og har som mål å styrke motstandskraften mot klimarisiko. Disse lokalsamfunnene, som er dypt sammenvevd med omgivelsene sine, gir uvurderlig innsikt i hvordan man overlever og trives i en krevende miljøsituasjon.

RETRACE tar utgangspunkt i hypotesen om at urfolks- og lokalkunnskapssystemer, særlig fra lokalsamfunn i polar- og stillehavsområdene, er uunnværlige for å utvikle effektive strategier for motstandskraft. Prosjektets metode innebærer å samle inn et rikt datasett som omfatter vitnesbyrd, kulturelle praksiser og levde erfaringer, i tillegg til kvantitative analyser. Målet er å skape et omfattende rammeverk som tar hensyn til lokale kontekster og fremmer tilpasningsdyktige og inkluderende resilienspraksiser.

Et internasjonalt forskerteam fra Frankrike, Norge og USA samler en rekke ulike ferdigheter for å bygge bro mellom vitenskapelig forskning og virkeligheten i lokalsamfunnene. Målet er å utvikle et romlig beslutningsstøttesystem som både bidrar til å visualisere resiliensdata og fungerer som et verktøy for samfunnsbasert beslutningstaking, noe som forbedrer evnen til å håndtere risiko og utnytte tradisjonell kunnskap på en effektiv måte.

Ved å kombinere lokal innsikt med vitenskapelig innovasjon skal RETRACE bane vei for resiliensstrategier som både er bærekraftige og tar hensyn til de unike behovene til sårbare lokalsamfunn. Dette prosjektet setter ikke bare søkelyset på urfolks- og lokalkunnskapens avgjørende rolle når det gjelder å håndtere klimaendringene, men har også som mål å sette lokalsamfunn over hele verden i stand til å håndtere de utfordringene som et klima i endring fører med seg.

The three-year RETRACE project responds to the increasing impact of natural disasters on over 2.3 billion people since the beginning of the millennium. It has a particular focus on Arctic and Pacific communities vulnerable to climate risks, specifically, the Marquesan community in French Polynesia, the Sámi and Kven communities in Norway, and the Ahtna people in Alaska. The project aims to address the resilience(s) of communities, in order to develop more inclusive and equitable approaches to developing and implementing resilience strategies.

Five hypotheses guide the research, based on the assumption that indigenous communities such as the ones living in Polar zones and Pacific islands, developed resilience knowledge and strategies to cope with climate-related events. The project aims to co-develop a spatial decision-support system for producing and visualizing qualitative and quantitative data on the different forms of local, community, intrinsic and traditional resiliences in those communities.

Utilizing a narrative approach, the consortium collects testimonials, cultures, memories, experiences, sensitivities and expertise from both Arctic and Pacific communities on forms of resilience and their visions of climate risks, alongside quantitative open-source data from traditional assessments. This data will be cross-referenced to build an interdisciplinary framework for a nuanced understanding of local needs, suitable to assess resilience in local contexts. 

Comprising researchers from France, Norway and the USA with diverse expertise, the consortium aims to contribute in developing risk management and resilience strategies by integrating local and indigenous knowledge into an adaptable and sustainable spatial decision-making tool. The tool aims to bridge the gap between international scientific research and local community realities, potentially informing strategies in other vulnerable territories in the future.

ResilienceS to climate risks: lessons from Arctic and Pacific communities

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

SASCHA har som mål å utvikle praktiske verktøy og metoder for å vurdere og håndtere kulturminner når klimaendringer utgjør en risikofaktor. Prosjektet ledes av University College London (UCL), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Arizona State University (USA), NHAZCA (Italia) og North Carolina State University (USA) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), English Heritage Trust (Storbritannia) og Ventotene kommune (Italia) deltar i prosjektet som samarbeidspartnere. 

 Hovedmål for prosjektet:  
- Utvikling av indikatorer og målemetoder for måling av klimaendringers virkning på kulturarv. 
- Etablere metoder for å involvere relevante aktører i identifiseringen og målingen av disse virkningene. Metodene skal kunne tilpasses lokale forhold og kulturell kontekst. 
- Utvikle verktøy for å hjelpe beslutningstakere til å vurdere og anvende målinger på ulike nivåer. 
- Utforske utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til bruk av nye metoder for vurdering klimarelaterte risikofaktorer for kulturminner. 

Ved å oppnå disse målene skal SASCHA ruste lokalsamfunn og kulturminneforvaltningen til å bedre forstå og håndtere klimarisiko. I tillegg, gjennom samarbeid med organisasjoner som UNESCO og ICCROM, skal SASCHA bidra til globale diskusjoner om hvordan klimaproblematikken kan integreres i kulturminneforvaltningens praksis. Alt i alt vil SASCHA legge til rette for politikkutvikling og styrke kulturminneforvaltningen ved å tilby verktøy og metoder for å effektivt vurdere, tolke og formidle klimarisiko for kulturarvsteder over hele verden.

SASCHA proposes operationalisation for transferable risk assessment and a value-based decision support tool. Supported by this approach, the overarching aim of SASCHA is therefore to develop innovative methods for understanding risks of climate change for heritage that allow for multiscale analysis and scalable approaches, bridging the gaps between local knowledge and global data, and from local vulnerability to global risks. To this end, SASCHA will: a) develop a set of operationalised indicators/metrics for relevant determinants of climate change; b) develop a locally adaptable protocol for stakeholders' engagement in the identification of relevant determinants of climate impacts that acknowledge and celebrate diversity in cultural contexts; c) develop a climate adaptation decision support tool to evaluate relevance of assessment approaches for different spatial scales; d) explore the challenges and opportunities of an operationalisation approach to climate change--heritage risk. Addressing a complex, wide and research-intensive subject, SASCHA unfolds several organisational, scientific, technical, technological and cultural heritage-oriented elements. SASCHA includes four research partners, together bringing significant experience in climate change and heritage and requisite expertise in physical sciences (UCL), social sciences and humanities (NIKU, NCSU/ASU) and technology (NHAZCA). The consortium can significantly contribute to safeguarding and protecting their region's coastal heritage but also to the global discussion of the integration of climate impacts assessment on cultural heritage through the close collaboration with UNESCO's Advisory body, ICCROM and case study stakeholders. SASCHA will develop methods for assessing, interpreting, and communicating climate change risks for heritage, while also supporting effective policy development and heritage management.

Multiscale approaches and scalability within climate change-heritage risk assessments

Soil food webs play an important role in the functioning of Arctic ecosystems, but our knowledge of the distribution, dispersal and impacts of different organism groups is scarce. This project aims to gather experts on different aspects of the soil food web and its impacts, to paint an overview of the current state of knowledge and future research priorities. By summarizing the existing knowledge gaps, we will be able to highlight the most important areas that remain to be explored, set up a collaboration framework and suggest harmonized methods for future studies. A two-day workshop will serve as a basis for the writing of a publication summarizing existing data and their limitations, and will be the cradle of a network for Arctic soil ecologists that will span across countries but more importantly across domains of expertise: from plant roots and their consumers to microorganisms, gases and their impacts on the climate system.

Kick-off meeting of the Circum-Arctic Present and Future Ecology of the Soil Food Web Network

Midlene fra EUPROSJEKT-Forskningsrådets EUprosjekt fordelt på år

Midlene fra EUPROSJEKT-Forskningsrådets EUprosjekt fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra EUPROSJEKT-Forskningsrådets EUprosjekt fordelt på fagområde

Assisterende direktør

Forprosjektstøtte til utarbeidelse av søknader til EUs 6 rammeprogram.
(Samfinansiering)

The impact of climate change on water quality and quantity is an important societal concern. The duration, magnitude and frequency of droughts are increasing due to the climate change. Water electrolysis is a rising method for hydrogen production and clean water supplies will become of vital importance. ATMOS aims to further develop and improve a method of technological interest for areas where clean water resources, as well as grid infrastructure are limited or non-existing. ATMOS is developed in UiO and is a solar-powered water electrolysis system, which can produce renewable fuels (H2) from atmospheric humidity and sunlight. Humidity is the water source in this system and it is always present in air. 

More specifically, ATMOS is a photoelectrochemical water vapor electrolysis device, in which the traditionally used aqueous electrolytes are replaced by polymer proton conducting membranes (PCM). The PCM provides also separation of the oxygen and hydrogen evolving sides and support to the anode and cathode electrodes. The electrodes in this solid-state photoelectrochemical (SSPEC) device are comprised of photoactive materials based on earth-abundant elements. Especially the photo-anode is based on TiO2, which is a well-studied photocatalyst. Its main drawback is the low light absorption efficiency, which is restricted to the UV region only. To this end, the IMM group from the University Paris Diderot specializes in the visible light sensitization of TiO2 with quantum dots, which are synthesized by soft chemistry routes. 

ATMOS seeks the improvement in the efficiency of the novel SSPEC water vapor electrolysis system by an international collaboration between two research groups of complementary expertize. Moreover, the scientists involved in ATMOS will benefit from the international mobility both from a scientific point of view, as well as from a cultural. Ultimate outcome of ATMOS is common publications and an EU proposal for extended follow-up activities.

Solar-powered H2 production from atmospheric humidity: A novel system to generate renewable fuels in deserted and off-grid areas

Greenhouse gas emissions are a significant driver of global climate change. Especially methane, a much stronger greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, has gained attention because of emissions from increased microbial activity in thawing permafrost and the dissolution of marine methane hydrates as a consequence of ocean warming. There are also important human-made methane sources, for example, anaerobic digesters and anaerobic granular systems for wastewater treatment. In these reactor types, organic matter is purposely converted to methane to render the chemical energy captured in waste organic matter accessible for human activities, i.e., by using methane as a renewable fuel. Ideally, this human-made methane never leaves the controlled environments of the bioprocess. This is, however, not the case in reality, as along with the treated water, dissolved methane is continuously leaving the reactor and eventually finds its cataclysmic way into the atmosphere by degassing. This loss is significantly reducing and possibly offsetting the positive environmental effect of generating a renewable energy.
In this project, we will develop an innovative bioprocess to remove methane traces from the effluent of anaerobic reactors by oxidizing excess methane to CO2 by methanotrophic bacteria. Methanotrophs require a terminal electron acceptor that would ideally be oxygen. However, simply providing oxygen by traditional means, i.e., by bubbling, would accelerate the process of losing methane to the atmosphereand is therefore unacceptable. Instead, we suggest a novel, aeration-free process for methane elimination based on the syntrophic interactions between phototrophic and heterotrophic bacteria forming oxygenic photogranules. This bioprocess will improve the environmental fingerprint of anaerobic bioreactors, hence reduce the global warming potential of biogas processes in general.

Reducing greenhouse gas emissions using photogranules

The correct functioning of the vertebrate nervous system requires the rapid conduction of nerve impulses over large distances. This saltatory conduction is enabled by the myelin sheath, a tighly packed, multilayered membrane wrapped around selected axons. Myelin is formed of dozens of lipid bilayers, containing specific integral and peripheral membrane proteins that stack lipid membranes into multilayers. Although many myelin proteins were, due to their high natural abundance, initially isolated >50 years ago, little is still known about their 3D structure or the molecular mechanisms of their function in myelin formation.

Protein zero (P0) is the most abundant protein in peripheral nervous system (PNS) myelin, and this integral membrane protein is a target of dozens of CMT mutations. The extracellular domain is engaged in homophilic interactions, while the C-terminal cytoplasmic domain binds to membrane surfaces. 

A wide range of techniques will be used to study the folding and membrane interactions of the P0 cytoplasmic domain and its mutated variants; this application specifically targets NMR experiments to be done in collaboration with Dr. Robert Schneider at the University of Lille, France. Dr. Schneider is experienced in using NMR techniques to study membrane proteins, and his research interests include biomedically relevant flexible/disordered proteins and their complexes with lipid membranes. 

NMR spectroscopy will be used to study the structure, dynamics, and lipid interactions of the P0 cytoplasmic domain. The first test NMR spectrum of the P0 cytoplasmic domain has been recently measured, and the sample is definitely suitable for further structure/dynamics analyses. Work is ongoing to produce isotopically labelled disease variants of the cytoplasmic domain for more detailed studies, supported by this application.

Molecular dissection of human peripheral neuropathy

We plan to collect physical activity data on 20 typically developing children and 20 ambulatory children with CP, in Nice. Corresponding Norwegian data are available in Trondheim. In both countries, this will involve several experienced researchers and at least one PhD candidate and one master student. Detailed planning will be done during spring 2019, data collection and data analyses training during late spring to early autumn and during late autumn, the data collection will be carried out.
The French researchers will visit us in Norway during the spring for planning and start –up purposes and we will visit France for longer periods for data collection purposes.

Patterns of habitual physical activity in children with cerebral palsy in France and Norway

An active fluid denotes a suspension of agents (particles, macromolecules, bacteria, or cells) that are able to convert energy into individual propulsion (for bacteria or cells this is internal chemical energy). Such self-propelled agents generally exhibit collective behavior (swarming).  This project will explore active motion and swarming in complex non-Newtonian fluids. Sofar no thorough study has been done to for example really understand the behavior of active bacterial fluids when the suspending fluid is non-Newtonian. From a practical point of view this has a tremendous importance as many biological fluids in the body are non-Newtonian and there is a growing medical interest in understanding how bacteria are transported in lumen (intestine or ureter) or may eventually cross mucus barriers and provoke serious diseases. Furthermore, bacteria are currently being explored as a potential medicament vectors in the perspective of personalized medicine , and more recently magnetotactic bacteria were used to directly search and destroy cancer cells .
   The project is further relevant to understand bacterial contamination of food or cosmetics, contamination and decontamination soils and aquifers, which all involve confined bacterial motion in complex fluids. The project also connects to materials science and self-assembly of functional meso-scale structured materials. The research will involve studies of both living active matter (ESPCI) and synthetic non-living model systems of active matter (NTNU). Two main active fluid systems will be studied: bacterial suspensions including magnetotactic bacteria  (ESPCI), and suspended electro-hydrodynamically driven colloidal rotors emulating collective behavior of bacterial swarms (NTNU).  Different complex fluid environments will be tested, in particular colloidal clay fluids/gels (NTNU).

Swimming and swarming in complex fluids

Project 1: The idea of this project is to develop a statistical methodology to exploit the information about the molecular structure of the data. In particular, the novel methodology aims at accounting for groups of biomarkers in high-dimensional survival models, namely when biological knowledge suggests that some of the candidate biomarkers belong to molecular pathways. Among other possible approaches, penalized regression methods based on adaptive lasso and sparse-group lasso will be explored.

Project 2: An extremely important tool in biomedical applications is the so-called meta-analysis, in which information from different studies is combined together to provide more evidence for or against a particular result. Unfortunately, not all scientific studies are published, most commonly because researchers and editors are reluctant to publish null results and results with the wrong sign. This phenomenon is captured by the term publication bias. For the meta-analysts, publication bias is a serious problem, as it causes systematically biased effect size estimates. An approach that takes into account the effect of the publication bias in a meta-analysis study has been theoretically developed by Jonas Moss. The aim of this project is to further develop the approach and derive a model which can be effectively used in biomedical applications.

Advanced statistical methods for complex biomedical data structures

Management of mixed species forest stands offers many advantages for the range of ecosystem services currently in the focus in Europe. We are currently studying the growth and management of even-aged mixed stands. Increasing interest for uneven-aged management across Europe makes it necessary to extend our knowledge about the effects of different forest structures to mixed forests that are uneven-aged and rich in vertical structure. 
We are particularly focusing on the growth of trees in these stand types and how growth and yield is affected by different thinning intensities. Thinning and selective cuttings change species composition, affect growth, and change stand structure. This important management action can therefore have substantial consequences for the ecosystem services provided by uneven-aged mixed forests.
We will use records from long-term sample plots as well as temporary sample plots to study growth and yield and how it is affected by thinning and selective cutting. We will also use terrestrial 3D laser scanning to describe tree crowns in order to better understand the underlying mechanisms causing stem growth reactions to thinning.

Growth and management of uneven-aged mixed forests

UiT The Arctic University of Tromsø is currently cultivating marine micro algae in large scale bioreactors by using CO2 in flue gases from a local ferrosilicon plant. In order to monitor to content of potential toxic metabolites in the algae cultures, we want to study if culture extracts have any effects on the transriptomes of sea urchins. This assay is established at Observatoire Océanologique de Banyuls in France. To monitor survival of sea urchin embryos is a quite course bioassay, while responses on gene expression on stress-response genes might reveal more subtle toxic effects. In this project we want to test the concept on one species, and if successful we will establish a larger scale project for monitoring diatoms cultivated in the large scale bioreactors in Tromsø.

Toxicological tests for secondary metabolites produced by cultivated Arctic diatoms

Active perception by an automated movement of the 3D sensor mounted on a robot arm is essential for exploration of the scene and the object that needs to be manipulated. It is also a prerequisite for development of novel concepts for robotic automation and application of these in industries working with compliant objects such is the marine industry. Applications such as robotic sorting and manipulation involve a robot being able to interact (e.g. by grasping ) with compliant objects which are fragile and easy deformable. These objects may typically move or deform when interaction and manipulation is attempted. Given a 3D image acquired by a depth camera, one can compute the interaction vector (e.g. for the grasp), for the object of interest. Once interaction has begun, the object may become partially occluded and begin to move and deform. To both initiate the robot manipulation as well as the interaction phase, an active perception with robot by means of 3D visual servoing is necessary. Active perception enables a complete overview of the 3D structure of the object and makes possible to handle occlusion and deformation due to manipulation or movement. Research activity in activeVISION is therefore aimed at giving a robot the kind of interaction intelligence that human workers have, in order to enable robots to 'see' the scene and correctly identify and localize the objects of interest to be manipulated. 

By initiating this collaboration between INRIA Rennes-Bretagne Atlantique and SINTEF Ocean we aim a long-term collaboration and joint work towards novel concepts in active perception applicable and relevant for industries in France and Norway. Collaboration will be pursued in developing joint project applications for both H2020 program, financed by the EU commission, as well as relevant Norwegian national programs financed by the Research Council of Norway.

EUPROSJEKT-Forskningsrådets EUprosjekt

Forprosjektstøtte til utarbeidelse av søknader til EUs 6 rammeprogram. (Samfinansiering)

Awarded: NOK 30,334

Funding scheme:

EUPROSJEKT-Forskningsrådets EUprosjekt

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics