2005

2004

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Prosjektbanken presenterer statistikk og informasjon om prosjekter med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet fra 2004. Statistikken er fordelt på blant annet tema, år, geografi og organisasjon. Prosjektbanken gir også detaljert informasjon om de enkelte prosjektene.

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Co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective

CoBioPovCli addresses the question of how to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty, and mitigate climate change simultaneously, which are interrelated challenges that threaten human and environmental well-being. The importance of this topic is highlighted by the current context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, which have exacerbated these problems and their impacts on human and environmental well-being. The main gaps in this topic are: (1) lack of comprehensive data, especially on the dynamics of socio-ecological systems, (2) lack of integrated knowledge, and (3) lack of holistic approaches that consider co-benefits and synergies. CoBioPovCli aims to overcome the limitations and gaps in the current state-of-the-art by developing an integrated spatial planning approach that can achieve win-win synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective.  CoBioPovCli will use literature, models remote sensing data, and other data sources to construct and apply the spatial planning approach, based on case studies, spatial analysis and scenario simulation. CoBioPovCli will generate new knowledge, data and solutions that are conceptually novel, scientifically rigorous and policy-relevant. It will enhance our understanding of the multiple values of biodiversity and its contributions to human well-being under changing climatic conditions. It will provide evidence-based recommendations and best practices for promoting more integrated and sustainable approaches that benefit both people and the planet. CoBioPovCli will also enhance Europe’s scientific and technical capacity and excellence in the field of co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation, as well as contribute to Europe’s global leadership and influence in addressing these interlinked challenges.

Potential nUtrient release from deglaciating Land Surfaces to downstream Ecosystems (PULSE)

Glacier retreat is escalating in response to amplified Arctic warming. This exposes large areas of new glacier forefield to seasonal freeze-thaw, wetting-drying cycles and variable oxygen conditions. These physical changes dramatically alter biogeochemical cycling in previously glaciated sediments, facilitating soil and vegetation development in the 21st century. Arctic streams are well-known suppliers of the key nutrient nitrogen (N) to N-limited fjords and coasts, which host lucrative fisheries. However, the influence of glacial retreat and associated soil development on N release to streams, thus fjords and coasts, is a complete unknown. The PULSE project aims to quantify the impact of Arctic glacier forefield exposure on soil N cycling and export to coastal marine environments, and how they are influenced by time since deglaciation, local geology and freeze-thaw cycling. In PULSE, I will measure N release from a field scale chronosequence in a Sub-Arctic glaciated catchment and quantify the forefield soil N contribution to river N runoff. I further use a “space for time” approach to simulate future climate conditions for High Arctic forefield sediments, thus predicting future High Arctic forefield N release. This highly interdisciplinary project combines my background in soil biogeochemistry with glacier hydrochemistry at the Arctic University of Tromsø (UiT). UiT is the ideal host for me to gain new analytical chemistry and modelling skills in order to establish how future glacier retreat will shift sources of riverine N transport to downstream fjords and coasts. A secondment to the Norwegian Polar Institute will additionally expand my scientific expertise and network to include marine monitoring stakeholders directly using my results. PULSE will, therefore, provide a high-impact, first quantification of future potential proglacial soil N leaching across Sub-Arctic to High Arctic climates, which will inform future ecosystem management policies in the Arctic.

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

GAIA COFUND will bring climate research-based knowledge – climate mitigation and adaption – into help solving real world problems and challenges. By connecting science with society in a practical manner, targeting research through a transdisciplinary approach involving industrial partners, we will pave the way for a climate academic career paths into industry. An eligible applicant will carry out a research project that will enable them to become future leaders, either in academia or in industry. The main objective of GAIA is to fund 15 two-year postdoc fellowships to excellent and promising young scientists from all over the World, with a strong emphasis on secondment in industry. GAIA will establish a postdoctoral training program that combine excellent and responsible research, open science, innovation, and climate change challenges, thus laying the foundation for the next generation of researchers rooted in climate science with a global outlook and an end-user perspective. With 24 partners, GAIA will offer access to an extensive academic and non-academic network Europe wide. The program will enable University of Southern Denmark (SDU) to elevate its strong position in climate research with world leading research groups, broaden the scope and sustainability of emerging research areas, and facilitate a vibrant and even more attractive research environment, combined with an outreach to local and international industrial partners looking for science-based solutions. SDU has 27,000 students and 3,800 employees with 24 departments within the faculties of the humanities, social sciences, natural sciences, health sciences, and engineering. SDU is ranked among the top universities in Denmark. GAIA will be part of the SDU Climate Cluster (SCC) established in 2022 with a budget of 15 M€, to create a versatile platform for groundbreaking, excellent, and interdisciplinary research within climate mitigation and adaption.

GAIA COFUND

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

Building decentralIsed, DistributEd And Local micro-GRids for dEcarbonisation Electrification challeNge

The IDEAL4GREEN project addresses the urgent challenges of climate change and the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. It focuses on developing and integrating microgrids, which are crucial in managing the variability of renewable resources and achieving decarbonisation targets. The project aligns with the EC's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 by empowering energy communities and optimising local supply and demand. The project proposes a comprehensive doctoral training network aimed at developing skilled engineers with interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral expertise. This network diverges from conventional university-based research, maintaining strong industry links and emphasising practical implementation. IDEAL4GREEN consists of 8 beneficiaries and 11 partner organisations, recruiting 15 doctoral candidates to undertake research on microgrids' planning, design, operation, control, and impact assessment. The research encompasses innovative frameworks and methodologies for integrating microgrids and transforming traditional grids into sustainable energy systems. This includes developing advanced control algorithms, cybersecurity, improving mechanisms for microgrid islanding and reconnection, and enhancing the resilience and reliability of interconnected microgrid systems. The project also explores the planning, policy, and economic feasibility of interconnected grids and microgrids. It emphasises creating complete and integrated microgrid design frameworks, utilising integrated energy system modelling, and investigating regulatory policies. In terms of training, the DCs will engage in a mix of academic and industrial experiences, including secondments and networking meetings, ensuring their exposure to both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The training program covers various aspects, such as advanced technical skills, collaborative communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability.  

Contentious Politics and Democratic Renewal in Sustainability Transitions

Trans4Demo is an evidence-based and impact-driven set of actions to address contentious politics arising from climate change and sustainable transitions. These conflicts are seen as a critical challenge for democratic systems, and their importance is expected to grow in the future. Authoritarian tendencies and right-wing populism have weakened social cohesion, making large parts of EU populations less willing to change their practices and hindering responses to climate challenges.  The main objective of the project is to investigate the role and evolution of diverse forms of opposition and contentious politics of sustainability transitions, and their impact on democracy. We aim at delivering the temporality-sensitive conceptual framework, practical understandings, and policy recommendations to assist in democracy reinvigoration. By exploring these intersections, we identify specific scientific, consensus-based, and politically normative goals that political communities in diverse European contexts could pursue. Empirically, throughout the project, we will (1) focus on practical understandings of the role of various bottom-up mobilizations against the populist backdrop, (2) identify novel sites of constructive democratic engagement, and (3) address the role of trust in the democratic process, including the validity of electoral processes. Building on this, (4) we will provide sound, research-based policy recommendations that balance bottom-up and top-down perspectives for democratic renewal.  To achieve these targets, we will employ triangulated and participatory methodologies, including case studies and future-oriented methods, developed in collaboration with societal actors involved in the project—from the initial design of the research agenda to fieldwork and dissemination activities.

Engaging citizens as agents of change for sustainable food system transition with a novel gamified educational citizen science platform

Developing a fair, healthy, and environmentally friendly food system represents a key priority of the European Green Deal. This is expressed in particular through the ‘Farm to Fork Strategy’, which recognises the need to empower consumers to make informed, healthy and sustainable food choices and to reduce food loss and food waste. FOODMISSION aims therefore to use multi-actor and inclusive Transformation Labs and blend citizen science, learning and gamification approaches to understand citizens’ food practices for initiating behavioural changes, and ultimately engage and motivate to accelerate the uptake of more sustainable food behaviour. The project objectives are the following: (1) Setting up Transformation Labs that will support the project through all its phases from co-design to uptake, (2) Design of a comprehensive citizen science data framework, collecting and processing citizen-generated data on their food practices and development of a technical data infrastructure and data visualisation tools to support data sharing and analysis, (3) Design of a citizen motivation and engagement framework for empowering individual and collective change, (4) Co-development of a gamified educational virtual platform prototype and its content and activities, (5) Piloting and evaluation of the gamified educational virtual platform in 6 European countries, (6) Promotion of FOODMISSION’s key exploitable results and their impact to engage citizens for fair, inclusive, healthy, and sustainable food system in Europe and uptake of the outputs beyond the project and consortium. FOODMISSION will further contribute to the Food 2030 pathways for action. The interdisciplinary consortium is composed of 10 members based in 8 European countries, bringing together universities, innovative companies and various stakeholder organisations representing consumers, food retailers and food enterprises, and covering diverse socio-economic and demographic contexts.

Midlene fra HOYKOM-Høyhastighetskommunikasjon fordelt på år

Midlene fra HOYKOM-Høyhastighetskommunikasjon fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HOYKOM-Høyhastighetskommunikasjon fordelt på fagområde

Prosjektsøker er Rogaland Fylkeskommune som sammen med flere regionråd gjennomfører prosjektet. Kommunene som er med i prosjektet tilhører 3 ulike regioner. Det foreligger konkrete målsettinger på antall telefonsentraler i hver region som skal oppgraderes  til å kunne levere DSL-baserte bredbåndstjenester. Prosjektet er således en videreføring og langt på vei en sluttføring av en langsiktig satsing over de siste 5-6 år der det er investert betydelige offentlige beløp for å sikre utbyggingen av dagens stamn ett for telefoni og data i den aktuelle regionen.

Bredbånd i Rogaland

Utenlandsstipen/Overseas fellowship

Fish fed plant proteins or diets very low in marine proteins generally show reduced growth compared to fish fed fishmeal based diets. In an experiment conducted last year we succeeded in preparing a diet composed of plant protein low in the essential amin o acids lysine, arginine, threonine and tryptophane that supported growth equally well as did a control fishmeal based diet. This diet was supplemented the mentioned amino acids from a synthetic source, and additionally added nitrogen rich factors necessa ry for optimal growth (Espe et al., unpublished results). This diet will be used as a tool in the present project to study the true requirement of the essential amino acids threonine, tryptophan, lysine and methionine.  The studies will be performed with Atlantic salmon post smolts.  Simultaneously the metabolic effect of feeding salmon plant proteins will be elucidated. The aim is to be able in future to compose fish feeds consisting of plant proteins that support protein growth and metabolism equally we ll as do fishmeal based diets. We will use nutrigenomic as a tool to reach ours goals.  The salmon genome is about to be mapped and libraries are available for thousands of genes.

Nutrigenomic studies elucidating the metabolic changes expected to take place in salmon fed diets based on sustainable protein sources

For both cod and sea water reared rainbow trout additional knowledge in the area of nutritional physiology is a prerequisite for the development of cost effective and healthy feed. The present project aims at filling gaps in knowledge on protein and energ y requirements in cod, on nutrient metabolism in cod and rainbow trout, on lipid uptake and transport and on mechanisms behind excessive accumulation of lipid in the liver of cod and in the abdominal cavity of rainbow trout. The research work will be carr ied out in three work packages employing established chemical and biochemical methods as well as molecular and histological methods. Advanced cannulation techniques and isotope studies will also be employed. The project includes scientists with expertise in relevant basic and applied sciences at UiO, NVH and AKVAFORSK, as well as scientists from BioMar. The project will allow the continuation of a well established, successful research co-operation. Results will continually be implemented in BioMar’s produ ct range, and all results will be published in due time.

Nutrition for sustainable cod and trout production

Selv om store deler av norskekysten er velegnet til dyrking av blåskjell, er det ikke gitt at norske blåskjell er konkurransedyktige i etablerte markedssegmenter i Europa. Mekanisk stress under opptak og lang transporttid fører til at skjellene mister kap pevann. Enkelte firma har med hell gjennomført forsøk med kondisjonering. Skjell som umiddelbart blir tilført sjøvann og ro, gjenopptar normale livsfunksjoner. Imidlertid har denne behandlingen ingen effekt når det gjelder å redusere vanntap. Problemstill ingen som vil bli undersøkt er om skjellene kan gjøres mer robuste med hensyn til tørrlegging og transport, ved å anvende tidevann i kondisjoneringsøyemed. Prosjektets hovedmål er å gjøre blåskjell fra hengekultur bedre egnet for eksport i fersk/levende t ilstand. Følgende delmål inngår: 
<h>1. Utvikle egnet teknologi for kondisjonering ved hjelp av tidevann. 
<h>2. Finne fram til den beste driftsøkonomiske metoden (organisering) som muliggjør kontinuerlig kondisjonering i forbindelse med høsting og salg.  
<h>3. Dokumentere effekten av kondisjonering gjennom objektiv og subjektiv vurdering av produktkvalitet.

Tidevannsbasert kondisjonering av blåskjell (Mytilus edulis L.)

To develop new and more efficient pigmentation regimes for Atlantic salmon in order to reduce costs based on new knowledge about how season, smolt type, growth pattern, feed intake and previous pigmentation regime affect the pigment retention.

Astaxanthi n digestibility and retention variations during the seawater production phase will be explored in both ½ and 1-year smolts in relation to dietary ax levels and switching of these. Further information about the effect of previous pigmentation history, seas on and exceptionally high feed intake/rapid growth and reduced ration will be obtained.

Optimal pigmentation strategies to obtain predetermined final pigmentation levels will be defined. This includes mathematical modelling of pigment retention for salmo n in the seawater phase.

No pigment model exists that is based on retention figures obtained from real feed intake, thus making this unique with a direct impact on the industry. 

The project information will be published and thus be of benefit not just to Nutreco but also to the rest of the aquaculture industry.

Development of seasonal pigment strategy for Atlantic salmon (SPS)

The coastal cod (CC) inhabit coastal areas and spawn in a number of fjords. Local fishermen have for generations followed the cod's migratory routes, and harvest from the populations as they spawn in these fjords. However, the same fjord areas are well su ited for fish farming. In several areas along the coast, fishermen asserts that wild cod have changed their migratory behaviour followign establishment of salmon farms, and no longer enters their natural spawning grounds. The institute of Marine Research and Fiskeriforskning were therefore requested by "Fiskeri- og Havbruksnæringens Forskningsfond" to address this question. The results from the NFR-study in 2002-2003 indicate that there is a broad interpretation among fishermen that spawning behaviour cha nges has occurred among migrating coastal cod in fjords with salmon farms. Our preliminary experimental results indicate that cod avoid salmon holding water, although tagging experiments also imply that cod may be attracted to farms. Light and sediments from farms are not considered to have effects on wild cod behaviour. In the elongaation of the project, we suggest to continue the work on effects on salmon holding water, but also address the contradiction between avoidance and attrac tion of cod to farms. This will be addressed through a conbination of laboratory experiments and field studies.

Behavioural responses in wild coastal cod exposed to salmon farms: possible effects of salmon holding water -A field and experimental study

It is proposed to gain basic knowledge on muscle fibre recruitment and the normal development of the collagen compartment of the connective tissue matrix in Atlantic halibut. Genes that can be used as phenotypic markers of tissue stem cells for muscle, bo ne, connective tissue and adipocytes will be cloned and sequenced as a resource for future studies on growth and flesh quality in halibut. Peptide antigens will be designed to produce halibut-specific polyclonal antibodies for use as markers of myogenic p rogenitor cells and fibroblasts. The humber of myogenic progenitor cells, the number and size of muscle fibers will be determined. This will provide tools for studying the effects of genetics and environmental factors on early development as well as being  a first step in the development of high throughput methods for screening broodstock for desirable muscle growth and flesh quality traits. In connection a PhD student will determine the concentration of collagen, pyridinoline cross-li nks and proteolytic enzyme activites (cathepsins, B. L and H, collagenase) at 6 -week intervals in 2-sea winter fish. Changes in muscle structure due to growth and season will be related to product quality through measurements of pH, water holding capacit y, texture, chemical composition and NIR spectroscopy.

Muscle growth and flesh quality in Atlantic halibut, with particular reference to the season of harvesting

The project investigates effects of husbandry practices such as photoperiod and temperature manipulation on the process of spermatogenesis and on sperm quality in Atlantic salmon. The aim is to-fold: 1. To establish fundamental knowledge on the environmental and endocrine regulation of spermatogenesis 2. To evaluate effects of temperature and photoperiod on the effectiveness of spermatogenesis and potential harmful effects on sperm quality. Spermatogenesis will be assessed by a range of molecular, physiological and morphological methods. Particular attention will e given to effects of photoperiod and temperature on pituitary gene expression of GnRH-R(s), FHS-ß and LH-ß, gene expression of FS H-R, LH-R and AR's in thesis, and plasma levels of FSH, LH, testosterone, 11-ketotestosterone and 17,20ß during spermatogenesis.The steroidogenic capacity of the testis will by assessed in vitro. The effectiveness of spermatogenesis will be monitored by t echniques to study cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as total sperm production (sperm volume, sperm count and spermatocrit), and correlated with the endocrine parameters to elucidate potential mechanisms. Sperm quality will be assessed by CASA (Co mputer Assisted Sperm Analysis) and correlated with the ability to fertilize eggs and provide egg survival to the eyed stage.

Effects of husbandry practices on spermatogenesis and sperm quality in Atlantic salmon broodstock

Prosjektet har som hensikt å undersøke effekter av temperatur på reprodukjsonsutviking, gametkvalitet og eggproduksjon gjennom ulike deler av reproduksjonssyklusen hos Atlantisk torsk. Hos andre marine kaldtvannsarter som steinbit (Anharhichas lupus) er d et vist at høy temperatur (8-12?) både gjennom gonadens vekstfase (vitellogenese) og i gytesesongen (oocyttens sluttmodning) fører til reduserte nivå av kjønnssteroider i plasma, utsatt ovulering samt redusert eggoverlevelse.  I prosjektet vil grupper av kjønnsmoden torsk bli eksponert for ulike temperaturer gjennom henholdsvis gonadens vekstfase og gytesesongen. I perioden for temperaturbehandling vil det jevnlig bli tatt blodprøver for bestemmelse av nivået av kjønnssteroider samt at det ved gitte tidsp unkter vil bli tatt ut gonader for fekunditetsstudier. Eggstørrelse, eggproduksjon, befruktningsrate, normal embryoutvikling og klekkerate vil bli sammenlignet mellom behandlingsgrupper. En viktig del av prosjektet vil være å identifi sere steriodehormonet som induserer oocyttens sluttmodning hos torsk.

Temperature effects on reproductive development and gamete quality in Atlantic cod

A major obstacle for establishing a commercial successful cod farming industry in poor flesh quality after storage. Due to the low water binding capacity the frozen or refrigerated flesh becomes dry and tough. Studies with salmon have shown that muscle fi bre density and connective tissue characteristics are major determinants of texture. The maximum fibre number is known to be primarily genetically determined. but is modified by egg incubation temperature. The aim of the present proposal is to investigate  muscle fibre recruitment and connective tissue properties in coastal and Artic cod in relation to flesh quality, particularly texture and water holding capacity. The effects of egg incubation temperature (2, 7 and 12?C ) on muscle growth and quality trai ts will be determined. The risk of inducing skeletal deformities by increasing the egg temperature as shown in salmon will also be investigated. The planned research activities are based on the good complementarities between the four participating scientists and their laboratories.

Influence of water temperature and genetic factors on muscle development in farmed cod larvae: consequences for product quality

Under et EU-finansiert prosjekt (QLK2-CT-2000-00809, Sea lice resistance to chemotherapeutants - SEARCH), som varer ut 2003, er det blitt utviklet metoder for diagnostisering av redusert følsomhet mot lakselusmidlene azamethiphos (Salmosan), cypermethrin, (Btamax og Excis), deltamethrin (AlphaMax) samt emamektin (SLICE). Lakselusmateriale er blitt samlet inn fra en rekke ulike regioner i Norge, Skottland, Irland og Canada. Materialet vil bli ferdig analysert innen utgangen av 2003. Samlet sett er det nok m ateriale til 8 publikasjoner i internasjonale tidsskrift med refereeordning. I dette prosjektet vil forskeren som har hatt hovedanassvaret for den norske delen av EU-prosjektet ferdigstille publikasjonene, skrive dem sammen til en avhandling og disputere  på arbeidet.

Resistens mot lakselusmidler - fullføringsstipend

This project will aim at studying factors of importance for the induction of a persistent infection with infectious pancratic necrosis virus in Atlantic salmon. The approach will be to examine the improtance of key stress factors and viral components reco gnised as persistence factors, and host cell responsses identified as interaction between the virus and the host cells. Fish will be exposed to an in vitro stress model whereby parr of alsmo will be implanted with cortisol, growth hormone or a combination  of both and then challenged with similars strains of IPNV as mentioned. To elucidate the possible interaction between apoptosis and persistence in vitro studies will include methods whereby apoptosis is induced in a permanent cell line or head kidney mac rophages after which they are fed to a permanent salmon cell line. Effects of this treatment will be monitored by measuring cytokine profiles and subsequently susceptibility to IPNV infection and the establishment of a persistent infe ction in vitro.

Persistent infection with IPN virus in Atlantic Salmon - Relevance of physiological status and stress

Principle objectives:
The principal objectives are to establish a cDNA based reverse genetics system and use this system to verify or map viral factors of importance for pathogenicity in IPNV-infections

Project sub-goals
1. Map the extreme 3' and 5' ends  of the genomic segments of the chosen IPNV isolates
2. Construction of the plasmids that contain the genomic segments of IPNV
3. Transfection of these plasmids in cells expressing T7 polymerase, for production of infective IPNV particles
4. Manipulation of the VP2 gene (or other gene candidates) by in vitro mutagenesis

Development of a cDNA based reverse genetics system for infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)

In this project, a robust estimate for IPN-specific vaccine protection will be obtained through the parallel conduct of experimental challenge trials, and a field trial. For the experimental studies, a number of representative, virulent IPNV field strains  will be used for challenge of at least 2 genetically distinct strains of experimental fish. The results from the project will clarify the dispute over IPN-specific vs.non-specific vaccine protection, and thus contribute towards science based choice of op timal vaccination strategies. The results will further provide reliable estimates of vaccine protection for use in fish health economic studies, and in decision support systems for the international aquaculture industry.

Qantification and field validation of IPN vaccine protection in farmed Atlantic salmon

Iron toxicity is a serious and incrasing problem for smolt-production in Norway. Precipitation of iron on fish-gills, gill-damage and fish kills has been documented. Problems with massive mortality are mostly related to hatching and the juvenile stages. H owever, in older fish more diffuse gill-problems are often reported. Iron toxicity is mostly related to the presence of ferrous iron (Fe II), and the oxidation of ferrous to ferric (Fe (III) iron. Furthermore, the presence of Fe (II) can cause tissue dama ge through free radical formation and lipid peroxidation. Temperature and pH are important modifiers of iron toxicity, and during winter and snowmelt the combined effects of low temperature and low pH can cause relatively high concentrations of toxic Fe ( II). Like iron, manganesechemistry is also characterised by redox transformations, and has been shown to have negative effects on fish. In this project we will work experimentally to gain a better understanding of the causes and mechanisms of iron and manganese toxicity. Different methods to reduce toxicity will also be tested and compared. Pilot-studies have shown significantly reduced Fe-accumulation on fish gills by trating iron-rich water with basic silicate (Water-glass"). T his method will be further evaluated and tested.

Iron and manganese toxicity in salmonids - problem overview and possible solutions for the aquaculture industry

The XXVth Congress of the European Association of Veterinary Aatomists, Sundvollen, 28 - 31. juli 2004

In developing sea ranching (Havbeite) with scallops in Norway it is an absolute condition that spat produced from local stocks are available. Reproduction cycles of local stocks will be investigated and methods developed for conditioning 4 local broodstoc ks. Successful aquaculture depends on high quality spat at low cost. Traditional production methods of spat in the hatchery are labour intensive. The development of new and more cost-effective methods is therefore needed to obtain even larval settlement, high number and stable outcome of spat. Relations between stock origin and settlement methods will be investigated.

Scallop stock specific broodstock conditioning and spat settlement system

In scallop aquaculture mass mortalities of larvae are occasionally observed during intensive rearing. This may be due to sub-optimal larval rearing conditions. The larval culture environment affects both the larvae and their ability to grow and survive as  post-larvae. A successful metamorphosis and post-larval life seems to depend on the larval ability to store excess energy as lipid. Hence, the larvae, should be provided with adequate feed and a rearing environment that minimizes the energy expenditure. The main factors affecting larval feeding and swimming behaviour has been investigated during the past years, and has led to several improvements in larval rearing in Norway. However, the effect on metamorphosis and subsequent post-larval success has not yet been investigated in the rearing systems. The proposed project, which is a co-operation between research institutes and the industry, focuses on the effects of larval feed (algal) concentration and larval stocking density on grea t scallop (Pecten maximus) larvae, their metamorphosis and post-larval success.

Effect of larval culture conditions on scallop (Pecten maximus) metamorphosis and subsequent post-larval success

This project will aim at studying the mechanisms of vertical transmission of IPN virus from broodstock fish to offspring. An artificial challenge model will be used whereby the parent  fish are infected artificially using well-characterised strains of IPNV known to establish  persistent infections. Salmon broodstock from the Norwegian wild salmon live gene bank that  have been tested over years and found free of IPNV will be artificially infected and compared to non-infected broodstock with the same origin. A new method for group marking of eyed eggs  will be used to enable cohabitant testing. The groups will be compared for different traits : - Vertical transmission from IPNV-positive parental fish to fry - Horisontal spread of virus  to co-habitating, virus-negative fry The study aims at elucidating the role of virus transmission from covertly infected broodstock to fry, regardless of the mechanisms involved. The results  obtained can be used to evaluate effect(s) of broodstock testing as a strategy to reduce the occurrence of IPNV in farmed Atlantic salmon.

Transmission of IPNV from artificially infected salmon broodstock and evaluation of effects on fry

Escaped domesticated salmon and the consequences of gene flow into wild salmon populations is a major concern in Norwegian salmon farming and for management of wild salmon. The project will investigate the performance of offspring domesticated and wild At lantic salmon and their hybrids, and the ultimate causes for differences among the groups. A number of families will be compared in natural river habitat and in laboratory studies. Eggs will be incubated to the eyed egg stage in a hatchery, whereafter the  major material will be transferred to and incubated in a natural river habitat. Studies in the river will focus on survival and growth to the smolt stage, and on the ultimate causes for potential differences. Special attention will be given to predatatio n mortality. Laboratory studies will focus on first feeding at low and high temperatures, and resistance to ISA, furunculosis and salmon louse.

Survival, growth and disease resistance in offspring of domesticated and wild Atlantic salmon and their hybrids

IBT - Interaksjon biologi og teknologi i havbruk - teknologi på biologiens premisser; fase 1

Prosjektet er en videreføring av et to-årig prosjekt for utvikling av en metode til hurtig, ikke-destruktiv bestemmelse av tørrstoff/vanninnhold i torsk ved hjelp av computertomografi. Den etablerte metoden vil bli benyttet til en beskrivelse av fenotypis k variasjon i denne egenskapen i partier av markedsklar vill- og oppdrettstorsk. Samtidig vil muligheten for å benytte informasjon fra computertomografiregistreringene til måling av tørrstoff/vanninnhold-relaterte kvalitetsegenskaper som pH, vannbindingse vne, muskeltekstur og hvithet vil bli vurdert. Videre vil indikasjoner fra det pågåede prosjekt om mulig sammenheng mellom utvalgte CT-verdier og bindevevsstrukturer i torskemuskelen studeres. Prosjektet er tenkt tett integrert til pågående aktivitet i de t NFR-støttede torske-kvalitetsprosjektet (101512) og det vil også søkes samarbeid med næringsprosjekter gjennom kontakt til programmet "Sats på torsk" i regi av Norsk

Hurtig, ikke-destruktiv bestemmelse av tørrstoff/vanninnhold i torsk vha computertomografi, - videreutvikling og fenotypisk variasjon

"Sats på torsk" 12. og 13. februar 2004

TEKMAR 2004 - Konferanse i Trondheim 17. - 18. november 2004

Prosjektet har som mål å klarlegge eventuelle sammenhenger mellom temperatur i rogn- og starfôring-/-weaningfasen og forekomst av misdannelser hos torsk, spesielt ryggdeformiteter. En tar også sikte på å finne eventuelle artsspesifikke grenser for tempera turtoleranse hos torsk i tidlige livsstadier. Slike misdannelser er et problem i oppdrett av torsk i dag, og har et omfang som er av stor betydning for lønnsomheten i produksjonen. Klare sammenhenger mellom temperatur i tidlige stadier og misdannelser er tidligere vist for laks, regnbueørret og kveite. I prosjektet skal det gjennomføres forsøk der torsk eksponeres for ulike temperaturer i rogn- og startfôring-/weaningperioden. Fisken skal følges til minimum 5 grams størrelse og studeres med tanke på ytre og indre misdannelser. Resultatene vil bli evaluert ut fra overlevelse, tilvekst og frekvens av ytre og indre deformiteter ved de ulike behandlingene.

Effekt av temperatur i tidlige livsstadier på utvikling av deformiteter hos torsk

1. To organize an international symposium on Gadoid Mariculture: Development and Future Challenges in Bergen, Norway on June 20 - 23, 2004.
2. To publish peer-reviewed articles in a symposium book, ICES Journal of Marine Science

Symposium on "Gadoid Mariculture: Development and Future Challenges" Bergen Norway June 13-16 2004

The main objective is to develop a mathematical model of fish metabolism and growth, which can be used for simulation and prediction of the effects of feed composition and feeding ratios on growth, feed utilisation, body composition and phosphorous and ni trogen discharges in fish farming. The model cal also supplement traditional feeding experiments and in some cases replace them entirely. The model will be a dynamic, structured model. This is a diferent approach from the use of data fitting models, which normally is used for the modelling of fish growth. The main advantage of the dynamic. structured model is the improved prediction power w ithin and outside the data range and easy calibration against real world data. Key processes like appetite, feed intake, transport of nutrients through the digestive apparatus, macro nutrient absorption and excretion from the fish body will be described. The model will be used to improve feed composition, ensure a sustainable use of feed resources , improve the cost efficiency in fish production and lower nutrient loss in fish farming. The model will constitute an important tool in development of optimal feed and farming solutions for modern aquaculture.

A dynamic model for fish feed development

Selection for increased disease resistance based on survival data obtained in commercial farm environments in inefficient due to low genetic variation for such survival traits. Higher genetic variation has been observed for specific disease resistance obs erved as survival in controlled challenge tests. However, the current statistical methodology used to obtain estimates of genetic variances and prediction of family breeding values for such challenge test survival data (a normal univariate mixed linear mo del)  does not utilize all information in the data. The objective of this project is to evaluate available statistical methods developed for genetic evaluation of livestock (i.e. threshold and survival models) that will utilize more of the information in the observed survival data to better describe the genetic variation in disease resistance and thus improve the selection for increased disease resistance in fish breeding programs. Existing data from Atlantic salmon, Pacific prawn and Nile tilapia will be used when evaluating available statistical models. However, the mothodology will also be suitable to analyze survival data for traits in other aquaculture species and for other tra its that may be recorded in challenge tests (e.g. cod-water and salinity tolerance).

Improved metodology for analyzing survival data in fish breeding programs

Studies of how viruses interact with the non-specific defence of fish are important for a better understanding of fish virus pathogenicity mechanisms and host resistance mechanisms. The knowledge produced may be used to identify molecular markers for viru s infection in fish, to avoid conditions that predispose the fish for virus infection and in future breeding programs. Our research is focused on the role of interferon (IFN) system of Atlantic salmon in the defence against infectious pancreatic necrosis virus  (IPNV) and infectious salmon anaemia virus (ISAV). Our previous in vitro studies have shown that IFN induces expression of Mx-proteins in salmon cells and protects the cells against IPN-virus, but not against ISA-virus; and that ISAV but not IPNV i nduce Mx protein in the cells. In the present dr.scient project it will be studied how ISAV and IPNV infection influences the expression of interferon-induced genes in organs of Atlantaic salmon in vivo and in machrophages in vitro. The study will include the expression of three genes, encoding Mx protein, ubiquitin-like protein (UBLP) and guanylate-binding protein (GBP), respectively. Finally, we want to determine whether induction of Mx protein in Atlantic salmon will protect the f ish against IPNV infection.

The effect of virus infection on expression of interferon-induced proteins in Atlantic salmon

This project will focus the basic mechanisms and characteristics of IPn virus infection in vivo and in vitro. Cell responses to virus infection are usually associated with cytokine upregulation, typically of interferons alfa and beta. The knowledge of the se responses in Atlantic salmon are limited. The strategy of the infected cell is to limit virus replication and spread and for this purpose the cell machinery will be shut down. Apoptosis is one mechanism by which this happen. There is a correlation betw een cytokine responses and apoptosis but the knowledge bas in fish cells is limited. Through this project we will aim at characterizing the cytokine genes and effector molecules (cloning and sequencing). By use of IPN virus isolates with different virulen ce profiles, the approach that include more than assessment of one or two regulatory peptides, and for this reason, a microarray study will be included, based on EST libraries from zebra fish and Atlantic salmon.  The anticipation is that the information originating from the project will shed light on mechanisms of importance for disease control.

HOYKOM-Høyhastighetskommunikasjon

Bredbånd i Rogaland

Awarded: NOK 6.9 mill.

Summary

Funding scheme:

HOYKOM-Høyhastighetskommunikasjon

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics