Physical based kr3 relations

Task A With respect to image analysis, we have done an in-depth comparison of the different methods that are available for mCT imaging in terms of noise reduction and segmentation, carried out a comprehensive review of the filtering and segmentation capabilities in Mango software and have developed and included a fast and effective non-iterative edge preserving bilateral filter for noise reduction in Mango. Our previous work also include the use of so-called dry-wet imaging technique in order to capture the missing porosity (microporosity) in partners? samples. Internal review processes for the journal paper on bilateral filtering will be completed in Q1 2015 and the paper will be submitted to IEEE Transactions on Image Processing for publication thereafter. Task B We successfully completed the assessment of the impacts of the three different segmentation and skeletonization algorithms on extracted pore networks, predicted single and multiphase transport properties for both outcrops and partners? reservoir rock samples. We have developed a new method of estimating shape factors for better geometrical characterisation and applied this new method on outcrops and reservoir samples. Comparison and evaluation of the new method with the previous method of determining the shape factors has been completed. Much work remains to be carried out on the appropriate representations of the pores/throats with very low shape factors to ensure continuity continuity in the computed capillary pressure. Task C we have successfully completed the imaging experiments on all partners? samples for better understanding of wettability phenomenon. FESEM imaging have also been completed and the results of the wettability analysis have been used to assign wettability to (pores/throats) network elements extracted from partners?s samples after applying the newly developed filtered to the images. Task D Primary drainage, secondary imbibition and 3-phase simulations can now be run in the same optimized 3-phase code. We revalidate the 2-phase and 3-phase simulation results from the optimized code with Statoil and Oak experimental data. To increase the level of confidence in the optimized code, we compare simulated results with a new set of 2-phase and 3-phase experimental data on Bentheimer sample from University of Wyoming, USA. Finally, we use the optimized code to generate both 2-phase and 3-phase results on some of the partners? samples that have undergone wettability study.

To predict recovery and to design and optimize gas based EOR processes, accurate estimate of constitutive relations, such as relative permeability, are needed as input to the reservoir simulation model. In this project we suggest to use predictive pore-sc ale modeling, combined with X-ray microtomography (mCT) imaging and an improved model for wettability alteration at the pore level, to compute three-phase relative permeabilities for different rock types, wetting conditions, and displacement sequences. Th is offers an exciting alternative to empirical models and time consuming laboratory experiments to obtain three-phase relative permeabilities. Direct measurements of the microstructure of reservoir rocks are obtained via mCT imaging. The mCT data are pro cessed and segmented to obtain an accurate digital representation of the pore structure. Using novel image processing techniques, the imaged pore space is next transformed into a topological and geometrical equivalent pore network where pore bodies and po re throats locations as well as pore shapes are defined accurately. Mineral composition and pore shape information, especially the pore wall curvature, will be used to develop an improved pore level model for wettability alteration by explicitly accountin g for the stability thin brine films coating the pore walls. The extracted pore network is directly incorporated into a network model simulator that has implemented the fundamental physics of three-phase flow. We will validate our predicted results agains t a combination of three-phase micromodel experiments and measurements of three-phase relative permeabilities in different reservoir rocks.