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BEDREHELSE-Bedre helse og livskvalitet

ID-PAD - Investigating Determinants in Physical Activity and Diet

Alternative title: Determinanter av fysisk aktivitet og kosthold.

Awarded: NOK 3.4 mill.

The overall objective of the DEDIPAC proposal was to build a knowledge hub for future monitoring, research and translation of research to policy and practice regarding factors that influence dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. The work was divided in 3 thematic areas (TAs) with 7 work packages (WPs). The ID-PAD consortium led TA2 and two out of three WPs in TA1. The aim of WP1.1 was to identify which methods can be used to assess diet and dietary behaviors (dietary patterns and meals) in a comparable manner across Europe. Moreover, WP1.1 aimed to develop a toolbox including the methods to make it easier for researchers to choose the right method when doing pan-European studies. Nine protocols for systematic reviews were developed to contribute to this, and two of the review papers are published. Moreover secondary analysis of two pan-European datasets has been performed to inform about meal pattern in a European setting. Information about meal pattern across Europe has been identified as a data gap. In WP1.1, an ambulatory integrated method to measure intake of sugar-sweetened beverages, physical activity and the determinants of these behaviours among 18-30 year olds was developed. The new method collects data by means of mobile phone technology and accelerometers. The method has been feasibility tested in 3 European countries (Norway, Germany, The Netherlands) late 2015 and early 2016. The aim of WP1.2 was to investigate differences in amount of physical activity and sedentary behavior in Europe, and propose methods to measure this in future European surveillance. Four systematic review papers summarizing the amount and levels of physical activity and sedentary behaviors in European youth and adults have been published. Four additional systematic reviews summarizing the various methods available to assess physical activity and sedentary behaviors in youth and adults are currently ongoing and will be submitted for publication during 2017. In a recently published paper, we examined the agreement between the prevalence of physical inactivity assessed by three different self-report methods in comparison with combined movement and heart rate sensing in almost 2000 men and women from 10 European countries. These results suggested substantial differences between methods and recommended the use of objective assessment methods in future pan-European surveillance systems. After a systematic review, we approached relevant studies for their data and have compiled and harmonized objectively measured data on sedentary behaviours and physical activity for > 46,000 youth. Preliminary results indicate large differences between countries in Europe with a North-South gradient where children and adolescents in the North of Europe is more active than their counterparts in the South. In TA2 there have been two main tasks 1) To develop multi-disciplinary frameworks of factors influencing dietary behavior, physical activity and sedentary behavior 2) To conduct secondary data analysis of existing datasets (singularly or pooled) to gain new knowledge about factors influencing dietary behavior, physical activity and sedentary behavior as well as experience with pooling data from different studies of such factors. In total, five multi-disciplinary frameworks frameworks of factors influencing dietary behavior, physical activity and sedentary behavior have been developed - one for each behavior and two frameworks of these behaviours in ethnic minorities. The frameworks are developed based on the research literature and the opinions of experts from both within and outside DEDIPAC collected through consensus meetings or internet-based surveys. Examples of the main results are that there is less focus on environmental/policy factors influencing dietary behaviours, especially those factors that are not very close to the individual. Furthermore, there has been little research on sedentary behaviour among ethnic minorities and research on minorities has often placed more emphasize on differences rather than similarities of factors influencing these behaviours even though many factors are the same. An internal DEDIPAC report found that measurement methods for factors influencing dietary behavior, physical activity and sedentary behavior are often based on self-reporting and for many methods the quality of the methods are not reported. The secondary analyses have focused on a broad range of factors and many of these articles are not yet finalized, but experience with harmonization of datasets measuring factors influencing these behaviours have shown that it is time consuming and that the factors often are measured by different measurement instruments.

European governments are struggling with the growing social and economic consequences of an alarming increase in obesity and diet-related diseases. Lack of sufficient physical activity and high energy intakes are the prime factors determining overweight a nd obesity development. Consequently, improving health by changing dietary behaviours and food choice patterns, improving opportunities for more healthy diets, encouraging and facilitating physical activity and reducing sedentary behaviour are key priorit ies for most EU Member States in fighting obesity, diet and physical activity related chronic diseases amongst their populations. The overall objective of the DEDIPAC proposal is to build a knowledge hub for future monitoring, research and translation of research to policy and practice regarding determinants of dietary, physical activity and sedentary behaviours. The work is divided in three thematic areas: TA1: Assessment and harmonisation of methods for future research, surveillance and monitoring, an d evaluation of interventions and policies TA2: Determinants of dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the life course and in vulnerable groups TA3: Evaluation and benchmarking of public health and policy interventions aimed at improving dietary behaviour, physical activity and sedentary behaviour across the life course The ID-PAD consortium will lead TA2 and two of the three work packages in TA1. In TA1, systematic reviews of the literature and secondary data analyses of re levant pan-European datasets, as well as pilot studies will be conducted. In TA2, current theoretical frameworks of determinants will be taken as the starting point for developing frameworks and taxonomies for each of the three behaviours and social ineq ualities. This work will be followed by Proof-of-concept explorative secondary data analysis using state-of-the-art statistical methods and explorative case studies of social inequalities and ethnic minorities.

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BEDREHELSE-Bedre helse og livskvalitet