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Kunstig intelligens (KI) forandrer økonomien i rekordfart, men vi vet fortsatt ikke helt hvilke konsekvenser det vil få. Vil KI gi oss mer innovasjon, høyere produktivitet og økonomisk vekst? Eller vil det føre til færre jobber, økende ulikhet og mer makt til store selskaper? Politikken vil spille en avgjørende rolle i å styre utviklingen. Myndigheter står overfor et viktig spørsmål: hvordan kan vi sikre at KI gir flest mulig fordeler uten å skape store samfunnsproblemer? Skal politikken først og fremst fremme økonomisk vekst, eller bør den fokusere på å redusere ulikhet og risiko? Å finne riktig balanse er avgjørende, men vi har fortsatt ikke klare svar på hvordan dette kan gjøres best mulig. Dette prosjektet søker å gi svar ved å bruke en ny tilnærming. I stedet for å basere politikk på teori alene, bør vi lære av tidligere erfaringer. Ved å analysere hvordan tidligere KI-relaterte tiltak har påvirket bedrifter og samfunnet, kan vi utforme smartere og mer treffsikre løsninger. Målet er å utvikle politikk som gir størst mulig nytte for samfunnet – både nå og i fremtiden.

There is currently a vivid societal debate and nascent research about the economic effects of artificial intelligence (AI). Some expect to see positive impacts in terms of innovation, productivity and economic growth. Others point to possible economic harms such as technological unemployment, increasing market concentration and exacerbation of income inequalities. 

Public policies will have a crucial role to shape the direction and extent of these effects. However, it is still quite unclear what policies could do to foster the future economic benefits of AI, what they could do to avoid its possible harms, and how they could balance the positive and negative impacts. 

The present project will investigate the trade-off between growth and inequality effects of AI, and analyze how public policies for AI should be designed in order to take this trade-off into account. 

The key novel aspect of the project will be the application of the optimal policy learning (OPL) approach to the study of policies for AI. The main idea of this approach is that optimal policies should be designed by exploiting information about the effects of previous policies on the treated agents, in such a way that new policies will seek to maximize ex-ante the empirical welfare of the target population. In other words, the design of new policies is optimal because it is based upon, and it learns from, the effects of previous policies and the heterogenous characteristics of agents. 

To apply this approach to the study AI policies, the project will develop the following pillars: (1) a conceptual framework of firm heterogeneity and AI, which points out the main factors that affect firms’ adoption of AI and its effects; (2) empirical analysis of how AI and related policies affect different types of firms; (3) analysis of how different policies should be designed in order to maximize empirical welfare, and how these policies can address the trade-off between efficiency and equity effects of AI.

Artificial Intelligence: Growth, Inequalities and Public Policies

MORALCHANGE-prosjektet undersøker hvordan endringer i moralske verdier har formet politiske og kulturelle skillelinjer i Skandinavia de siste 50 årene. Prosjektet tar utgangspunkt i den amerikanske sosialpsykologen Jonathan Haidts studier av moralske verdier. I følge Haidt samler de grunnleggende verdiene seg langs to moralske dimensjoner: universalisme, som vektlegger likhet og global omsorg, og partikularisme, som prioriterer lojalitet til spesifikke fellesskap. Vi hevder at spenningen mellom disse moralske grunnverdiene – og hvordan de har blitt kommunisert av politiske eliter og media – har bidratt til sosialdemokraters tap av terreng, framvekst av populistiske bevegelser og polarisering rundt temaer som innvandring og identitetspolitikk.

Vi spør: Hvordan har moralske verdier uttrykt av politiske eliter og media endret seg over tid? Hvordan henger velgernes moralske verdier sammen med deres politiske preferanser? Og hvordan påvirker moralske verdier polarisering rundt innvandring og identitetspolitikk?

Vår hypotese er at sosialdemokrater og tradisjonelle medier i økende grad har vektlagt universalistiske verdier, noe som har skapt en moralsk avstand til en stor del av velgerne. Denne avstanden har skapt rom for populistiske utfordrere og fremvekst av alternative medier med partikularistisk orientering.

For å undersøke dette, skal vårt flerfaglige forskerteam analysere tiår med stortingstaler, partiprogrammer og mediedekning fra Norge, Sverige og Danmark. Gjennom spørreundersøkelser og eksperimenter undersøker vi også hvordan moralske verdier påvirker holdninger og atferd.

Ved å studere hvordan moralske verdier henger sammen med nye politiske skillelinjer, søker vi å gi en dypere forståelse av hva som driver politisk endring og kulturell turbulens i vår tids demokratier.

MORALCHANGE investigates the role of moral values in driving political reconfiguration in Western democracies. We focus on three interrelated trends: declining social democratic parties, rising populist and anti-establishment movements, and polarization around contested issues such as immigration and identity politics. Our core proposition is that the changing relationship between the institutional supply and popular demand of moral values is key to understanding these developments.

Our project relies on a strongly interdisciplinary setup. We draw on theory from moral psychology and employ machine-learning and computational text analytics alongside qualitative and historically informed text analysis and survey-based research.

Our overarching theoretical approach draws on Moral Foundations Theory (MFT), which provides a rich framework to understand and empirically analyze political and cultural conflict in a contemporary-historical context. The theory posits that morality is a universal human yet culturally variable phenomenon that varies along six foundational values: care, equality, proportionality, loyalty, authority, and sanctity. Research on MFT has found that endorsement of these values, or different configurations of them, varies across the political spectrum.

We apply these insights to examine the role of moral values in driving political reconfiguration, focusing on Scandinavia in the period 1975--2025. Specifically, we will study:

(1) the supply side, by analyzing the moral values of political appeals (by social democrats and their national populist challengers) and of news coverage of the immigration issue over a period of 50 years;

(2) the demand side, by tracing the relationship between moral values and political orientation over several decades; and

(3) the impact of moral values on disagreements and polarization around identity politics (the struggle for recognition and rights of historically marginalized communities) in present-day Scandinavia

Moral values and political reconfiguration in Western democracies, 1975–2025

Professor Anne Lindblom ved Universitetet i Innlandet (INN) har mottatt 11 millioner norske kroner fra Norges forskningsråd til det banebrytende forskningsprosjektet Samiske Erfaringer Med Autisme (SEA). Prosjektet er et samarbeid med Samisk Høgskole (SA). Det fireårige prosjektet har fire forskere: professor Lindblom, førsteamanuensis Bente Ovedie Skogvang og høgskolelektor Silje Hokstad fra INN, og førsteamanuensis Ylva Jannok Nutti fra SA. Det vil bli rekruttert en doktorstipendiat. Hovedmålet med SEA-prosjektet er å lære mer om og forstå de levde erfaringene og opplevelsene til autistiske samiske barn og unge samt deres familier siden det ikke er mye kjent om det tidligere. Samene som er urfolk og minoritet i Norge lever fortsatt med konsekvensene av kolonisering som førte til tap av språk og kultur. SEA-prosjektet har som mål å utvikle pedagogiske støttemodeller for autistiske samiske barn, unge og familier som er kulturelt relevante og basert på samiske levemåter og verdier. Det vil være tre studier i SEA-prosjektet med bruk av kreative metoder. Den første studien er med autistiske samiske barn og unge, den andre er med foreldre og storfamilien og fagpersoner som for eksempel lærere. Den tredje studien vil bruke kreative workshops for unge autistiske samer hvor de kan teste ut ulike måter å uttrykke seg på som musikk, kunst eller håndverk. Resultatene vil bli presentert i samfunns- og skolemøter, forskningsartikler, bokkapitler og konferanser. SEA-prosjektet starter i august 2025 og avsluttes i juni 2029.

The Sámi Experiences of Autism (SEA) project addresses the lack of knowledge on Sámi experiences of autism in Norway, focusing on developing culturally relevant, Sámi-specific educational support models for autistic children, youth, families and professionals. The project explores lived experiences, addressing challenges in family and educational contexts while emphasizing Sámi ways of knowing, being, and doing. This groundbreaking initiative employs innovative Indigenous research methodologies, amplifying autistic Sámi voices through photovoice, empathy-based storytelling, and creative workshops, aligning with Sámi oral traditions. The project is structured into five work packages (WPs): project management (WP1), data collection on autistic Sámi children and youth (WP2), family and professional experiences (WP3), creative workshops to amplify youth voices (WP4), and dissemination (WP5). WP2 and WP3 use culturally adapted qualitative methods, including thematic analysis, to understand perspectives and challenges. WP4 integrates Sámi cultural expressions to empower autistic youth, and WP5 ensures findings inform teacher education, professional development, and policy recommendations. SEA emphasizes ethical research in Indigenous contexts, prioritizing Sámi cultural paradigms, and engaging stakeholders such as the Sámi Parliament, Sámi Special Needs Education Support (SEAD), and the Autism Society in Norway. The project aspires to decolonize and indigenize special education, informing global Indigenous autism research. Outcomes will include peer-reviewed articles, Sámi-specific support models, professional training programs, and exhibitions showcasing creative outputs. With a multidisciplinary team of Sámi and Indigenous researchers, SEA advances inclusive, equitable education and challenges colonial assumptions about autism. By bridging knowledge gaps, SEA aligns with the United Nations SDGs, contributing to sustainable, culturally sensitive educational practices.

Sámi Experiences of Autism

Store samfunnsdebatter de seneste årene har påvirket den offentlige samtalen om seksualitet, slik som #metoo-bevegelsen og diskusjoner rundt samtykkelovgivning. Noe som har hatt spesiell betydning for unge, er hvordan seksualiteten endres av digitale medier.

På den positive siden gir digitale medier nye muligheter for å lære om sex og for seksuell samhandling. Samtidig har det også blitt en ny arena for seksuell risiko. Fra et samfunnsståsted er det avgjørende å forstå hvordan dette dilemmaet knyttet til mulighet og risiko påvirker ungdoms seksuelle praksiser og eventuell utsatthet. I DIGISEX spør vi hvordan unge navigerer i et stadig mer komplekst seksuelt landskap.

For å øke vår forståelse av digitale medier som arena for ungdomsseksualitet, vil vi undersøke hvordan unge tar i bruk de nye mulighetene de har fått, samspillet mellom digital og fysisk seksualitet og hvordan digitale medier kan bidra til økt seksuell risiko. Ved å kombinere to eksisterende databaser bestående av høykvalitets kvalitative og kvantitative data om unges seksuelle praksiser er DIGISEX i en unik posisjon til å bidra med ny kunnskap om tematikken.

Prosjektet består av tre arbeidspakker. I den første vil vi undersøke hvordan unge forstår og «gjør» seksualitet i en stadig mer digital verden. I neste arbeidspakke retter vi blikket mot unges egen forståelse av dilemmaet mellom mulighet og risiko knyttet til digital seksualitet, samt den sosiale og kulturelle konteksten de forholder seg til. I den siste arbeidspakken undersøker vi ulike former for seksuell risiko som unge utsettes for, samspillet mellom fysiske og digitale former for risiko og hvordan dette varierer i ulike sosiale grupper.

Det overordnede målet med prosjektet er å øke vår forståelse av dilemmaet digitale medier har skapt for moderne ungdomsseksualitet: som en samtidig arena for mulighet og risiko.

Large-scale societal discussions have changed the sexual landscape recent years, such as the #metoo movement and public debates about consent laws. A shift that particularly has affected youth sexuality is how digital media plays into sexual relations. On a positive note, digital media offers new opportunities for learning about sex and sexual socialization. However, it has also become a new arena for sexual violations. From a societal perspective, it becomes crucial to understand how digital media’s simultaneous potential for opportunity and risk impacts youth sexual practices and the forms and scope of youth sexual violations. To shed light on this new arena for youth sexuality and sexual violations, DIGISEX will investigate how youths incorporate the new opportunities created by digital media in their sexual lives, the interplay between digital and physical sexuality, and whether new practices contribute to increased sexual risk. The study will contribute knowledge on this topic by combining analyses of two existing and high-quality datasets among Norwegian youth containing qualitative and quantitative data on youth digital sexuality and digital sexual violations. We start in WP1 by unpacking how youth conceptualize and perform sexuality in an increasingly digital world. In WP2, we home in on the dilemma between opportunity and risk concerning digital sexuality in the eyes of youths, as well as the socio-cultural context of sexual risk and violations. In WP3, we investigate different types of sexual violations to which youth are exposed, overlaps between physical and digital violations, and social variation in exposure. DIGISEX is led by early-career researcher Lars Roar Frøyland, who have previously documented a capacity of delivering high-quality research. The remaining research team consists of both early career and highly qualified scholars within youth research, sexuality, and sexual violations with strong track records in their respective fields.

Youth sexuality and sexual risk in a digital era (DIGISEX)

Økonomisk ulikhet øker i Norge og andre høyinntektsland, mens innvandring også er med å endre samfunnets demografiske og sosioøkonomiske struktur. I kjølevannet av økende økonomiske og etniske forskjeller, er det bekymringsfullt at ulike dimensjoner av ulikhet blir stadig mer vedvarende på tvers av generasjoner. Å fremskaffe kunnskap om i hvilken grad ulikhet overføres innenfor familier og bredere sosial kontekster, vil kunne si noe om hvilke muligheter man har senere i livet. Til tross for mye forskning på intergenerasjonell mobilitet for utdanning og arbeid, har det vært lite forskning på betydningen av helse i overføringen av sosioøkonomisk status fra foreldre til barn.  
I  HEALTHMOBILITY ønsker vi å studere (1) i hvilken grad helsestatus overføres gjennom generasjoner og sammenhengen mellom helse og sosioøkonomisk mobilitet, (2) den kausale effekten av helseforskjeller tidlig i livet og i ungdomsårene på voksne prestasjoner og sosial ekskludering, (3) i hvilken grad de ovennevnte prosessene varierer mellom barn av innvandrerforeldre og de uten innvandringsbakgrunn, og, (4) hvordan forholdet mellom sosioøkonomisk status og helse har utviklet seg historisk—ved å studere langsiktige trender som strekker seg over mer enn 50 år. Prosjektets bidrag vil være å undersøke betydningen av både foreldre og barns helse som en dimensjon av intergenerasjonell mobilitet, sosial ekskludering, og livsjanser gjennom generasjoner.

Economic inequality is on the rise in Norway and other high-income countries, while large-scale immigration is also changing the demographic and socioeconomic structure of these societies. In the wake of widening economic disparities and ethnic inequality, there is growing concern among social scientists and policy makers that various dimensions of inequality are becoming increasingly persistent across generations. Knowing to what extent inequality is perpetuated within families and within broader social contexts is crucial since most would agree that opportunities in life should not be determined by which family a child is born into. Despite a vast literature on intergenerational mobility and children’s prospects for moving up the socioeconomic ladder, there is little research on the intergenerational transmission of health status and its role in the transmission of socioeconomic status from parents to children. This is unfortunate, as health is increasingly acknowledged as an essential part of individuals’ human capital, with important consequences for individuals outcomes in education and the labor market. 
In HEALTHMOBILITY we aim to study to what extent (1) health status is passed down through generations and its relation to socioeconomic mobility, (2) the causal impact of early-life health disparities on adult attainments, (3) to what extent these processes vary between children of immigrant and native parents, and (4) how the relationship between socioeconomic status and health status have evolved historically. Our aim is to unpack how mechanisms related to intergenerational transmission of health inequality contributes to socioeconomic and ethnic disparities in educational and labor market attainments. We will use Norwegian data from population-wide administrative registers and large-scale surveys, with detailed information on health service use, self-reported measures of health, and key socioeconomic and demographic characteristics to address these issues

Socioeconomic and Ethnic Inequality in Health and Intergenerational Mobility (HEALTHMOBILITY)

Frå april 2021 til april 2024 har prisnivået auka med 17,6 prosent både i Euroområdet og i Noreg. Sentralbankar har svart på denne inflasjonsepisoden, og prisinflasjonen er no avtakande. Samstundes aukar lønsinflasjonen. Kva har dette å seie for dei økonomiske utsiktene til Noreg på kort og mellomlang sikt? Kva har det å seie for dine økonomiske utsikter?

Eit overordna mål for forsking på konjunktursyklar er å forstå forholdet mellom lønsinflasjon, prisinflasjon og økonomien som heilskap. Trass i omfattande forsking på dette feltet, er det framleis betydeleg usikkerheit rundt mange sider av dette forholdet. I dette forskingsprosjektet fokuserer vi på ein særskild dimensjon: kor viktig lønsfastsetjing er.

Vi gjer dette ved å utvikle nye teoretiske, makroøkonomiske rammeverk for lønsfastsetjing, rammeverk som er så detaljerte at dei kan samanliknast med faktiske data på individnivå, om løn og arbeidde timar. Samstundes arbeider vi med å avdekke empiriske fakta, ved hjelp av norsk administrativ data, om korleis løn vert fastsett, kor mykje folk arbeider, og korleis både løn og arbeidde timar vert påverka av inflasjon.

Gjennom å kombinere teoretisk utvikling med empiriske fakta, håpar vi å betre forståinga av dei økonomiske utsiktene, ikkje berre for økonomien som heilskap (til dømes Noreg), men òg for den mangfaldige gruppa individ som økonomien består av (til dømes deg!).

From April 2021 to April 2024, prices rose by 17.6% in both the Euro area and Norway. As price inflation is subsiding, wage inflation is picking up pace and worries about wage demands pushing inflation upwards are at the top of the policy agenda. This worry reflects the large uncertainty among both academics and policy makers regarding the aggregate relationship between wages, prices and real economic activity, which. There is thus a great need for a better understanding of the macroeconomics of wage setting. In this research proposal, we meet this challenge by building models of wage contracts that can be estimated and tested with micro data, and integrated into larger business-cycle frameworks.

Despite the prominence of wage rigidities in quantitative macroeconomic theories, the benchmark model of wage rigidities, widely used in both the academic literature and at central banks across the world, remains highly stylized. Although the importance of wage rigidities for macroeconomics dynamics is well understood, macroeconomic modelling of wage setting is too stylized and unrealistic to be confronted with micro data. This calls for a research program centered around the microeconomic foundations of wage setting, with the goal of producing models that can be disciplined by micro-level data and simultaneously easily integrated into larger frameworks for business-cycle analysis.

The first project objective is to develop a macroeconomic framework for wage setting which can be confronted with micro data. The second, and complementary, project objective is to uncover microeconomic facts on wage setting, hours worked, and inflation which can be used to discipline our theories of wage setting. With micro-consistent models of wage rigidities, including the heterogeneous effects across workers, decisions made by governments, labor unions, and central banks can be guided by more credible evidence, which ultimately leads to improved decisions and economic welfare.

WaCoMacro: wage contracts and macroeconomics

Sámicosmologies: Exploring Indigenous Knowledge Cultures and Practices of Star-Gazing

This project offers increased understanding of arctic Indigenous cosmologies as a form of environmental knowledge and traces their significance for communities in times of environmental crisis. With a special focus on traditional Sámi cosmologies and Sámi contemporary art, the goal is to explore and trace the appearance of human and non-human protagonists within Indigenous stories, especially about the starry polar night skies. By reappearing each night, these more-than-human figures became haunting entities which provided abstract nature-human relationships with a concrete, sensual and alluring form. Today, Sámi artists refer to these haunting figures to draw attention to their troubled cultural history and the present reality of climate-affected regions. The integration of traditional, recurring ghostly figures from Sámi storytelling – that migrate between the celestial and the earthly, as well as the human and the non-human – stresses the urgency of changing the way humans relate to nature. What is more, these fascinating, haunting and visionary figures provoke speculative futures, in which nature is regarded as a non-human subject. As this concept is becoming increasingly crucial in eco-philosophical debates and policy decisions on environmental justice, this project aims to show that Sámi cosmologies – especially when mediated through art – can play a vital role in changing humans’ perspective on nature.  In recent years, contemporary art has been called upon to give a sensual form to the abstract systematic connections of climate change; the extent of the current crisis is difficult for people to grasp. As a consequence, art is gaining a central role within our societies; it stands at the threshold between sciences, politics and culture. This project deals with art that is engaged in the severe environmental changes of this planet and that stands on the threshold between communicating urgency and being more than a mere messenger of environmental research.

DARKLAX er den første tverrfaglige og transnasjonale rekonstruksjonen av lakseoppdrettets historie i Chile. Vi forsøker å forklare hvordan et avsidesliggende og fattig sted sør i Chile ble et globalt knutepunkt for eksperimentering med sosiale, miljømessige, vitenskapelige og diskursive teknologier som har formet verden det siste femti år. Vi spør hvordan forsøkene på å gjøre oppdrettslaks til en handelsvare søkte å løse et utall utfordringer, fra å diversifisere kaloriinntaket til å forhindre overfiske, og til syvende og sist skapte nye problemer som er kjernen i det antropocene. Et sentralt spørsmål vi stiller, er hvilken rolle begrepet «bærekraft» og praksisene som er knyttet til det, spiller i denne prosessen.
DARKLAX er et historisk prosjekt som arbeider med en rekke ulike innfallsvinkler, fra marinbiologi for å forklare laksens liv i og utenfor oppdrettsanleggene, til antropologi og historiefortelling for å forstå hvordan mennesker opplever forholdet til en natur som er mer enn menneskelig. Like viktig er det at vi ser på lakseoppdrett som et iboende transnasjonalt objekt som omfatter norsk teknologi, brasiliansk soya, japanske forbruksmønstre eller argentinske miljøendringer som definerende trekk ved næringen. Som studieobjekt er ikke lakseoppdrett en nisje eller en anomali: I dag er akvakultur den raskest voksende sektoren innen matproduksjon. Den omsetter for rundt 300 milliarder dollar og sysselsetter tjue millioner mennesker på verdensbasis. Oppdrettsfisk står i dag for halvparten av verdens matproduksjon, et tall som bare forventes å øke, noe som i sin tur vil øke dagens miljøutfordringer.
I sentrum for disse endringene står Norge, den største produsenten av oppdrettslaks og den største investoren i Chile. DARKLAX undersøker hvordan Norge har endret seg underveis. Vi analyserer spesielt hvordan ekspansjonen i Chile gjenspeiler Norges større påvirkning på verdensbasis, i den globale økonomien og i utnyttelsen av naturressurser utenfor landets grenser.

The explosive development of the salmon farming industry in Chile, buttressed by massive Norwegian investment, has been hailed as an enormous success. Today, Norway produces 1,600,000 tons of farmed salmon annually, while Chile produces 695,000 tons; at any given moment, there is more biomass of farmed salmon than the rest of farmed animals combined in each country. Huge economic, social, and environmental benefits characterize this “Blue Revolution” that brings cheap, healthy protein to a booming world population: at least that is how it has appeared on the surface. 
However, recent research reveals a darker side to Chilean salmon farming and the role of Norway as its largest investor and inspiration. So-called sustainable practices turn out to decimate nature; local and indigenous populations protest problematic business practices; and the fish itself suffers disease and worse. The explosive development of salmon farming in Chile has turned out to be an unchecked experiment in an open-air laboratory, with catastrophic consequences whose full effects need to be studied. 
DARKLAX's main research question is threefold: 
1) What are transformations associated with the growth of the salmon farming industry in Chile since the 1970s?;
2) How do these transformations provide insights into the future of salmon farming and into the relation between human and larger-than-human nature at large?; and 
3) What is the role of Norway in this history?
In pursuing this question, DARKLAX develops the first socio-environmental history of Chilean salmon farming from an interdisciplinary and transnational perspective. It tests a bold hypothesis: that the rise and fall of salmon farming in Chile is both defined by and advances new arguments for three central characteristics of the Anthropocene era: 
1) the breakdown of the relation between technology and nature; 
2) the collapse of the concept of “sustainability”; and 
3) the absolutely global effects of localized biocommodification.

The Dark Side of Sustainability: Norway and the Rise and Fall of Salmon Farming in Chile. A transnational history of the future (1970-2030)

Fostering Linguistic Capital: A Roadmap for Reversing the Diversity Crisis and Activating Societal Benefits in Europe

The FOSTERLANG project aims to have a transformative effect on how minoritised languages are protected, used and promoted in Europe in the context of the competitive societal dynamic between dominant and non-dominant languages. This will be achieved by developing evidence-based diagnostics of the minority-language condition and by suggesting strategic and technologically informed initiatives to protect and enhance their socio-economic position. The project consortium brings the cross-cultural, multidisciplinary expertise of 14 participating organisations in an ambitious partnership of intellectual enquiry on key societal aspects of protecting the EU linguistic diversity. Its members combine strengths and expertise in sociolinguistics, social anthropology, education and pedagogy, language planning, digital innovation, computer science, public policy and language revitalisation. The partners will work in tandem to develop a new societal and institutional dispensation by which minoritised language communities will catalyse their contested linguistic capital to counteract the socio-political and economic forces which continue to undermine a sustainable future for Europe’s linguistic minorities and migrants. The work packages are centred on fostering linguistic capital not only from the perspective of protecting Europe’s multicultural diversity, but also to indicate how linguistic capital can enhance other components of human capital, such as economic, demographic and health-related well-being. The project aligns with strategic priorities of EU and the Horizon Europe programme in fostering societal coherence of different linguistic communities living in their shared spaces. The major outcome will be a Linguistic Capital Road Map which will set out a substantive set of recommendations for the short, medium and long-term on effective and meaningful strategies for fostering Europe’s linguistic capital and for safeguarding grassroots multilingualism.

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fagområde

EUI - 4. året Caught in the middle: Experts on European Integration in the Norwegian Civil Service, 1960-1972

Assume tha a three step one-pot reaction is tt be optimised: 

Lay out a design to map the first step. Depending on how detailed information is desired, this can be a fractional factorial, factoral, D-optimal, or a response surface design for quardratic m odels. Run the experiments and detrmine the responses. The response matrix
Y = [y1 y2...yr] summarises the results. A principal component analysis of Y will determine the number of independent event yielding Y, i.e the number of independent reaction that are responsible for the products (desired product and parasite products). By fitting regression models to the score vectors from the PCA of Y it is possible to identify the variable that are significant  and necessary to control for favouring the dessired  reaction and, equally important, which variable shoul be controlled to suppress the paraste reactions. We can, of course, also use PLS to model the fisrt step and use the PLS(X) scores as extra variables for the second step Now we know the important vari ables for the first step. These are now added as extra design variables when the experimental design for the next step is laid out and we determine the the composition of the reaction mixture after the second step. The outcome of the first step defines th e input for the second step. By perturbing the important variables of the first step we will induce variation in the input for the second step. This is necessary since certain by-products may be detrimental in subsequent steps. By this procedure, we conca tenate teh first and the seciond step of the process. The procedure is iterated for the third (an for all subsequent) step(s).
This technique makes it possible to establish quantitative models for multi-sstep batch pocesses. The model pays attantionto all  possible interfering side-product and gives a possibilty to control the process. This will be important when the TAC regulation is implemented and that pharmaceutial production must account for possible variation i

Design and optimisation in organic synthesis: Methodologies for the optimisation of multi-step one-pot batch processes

The goal of the project is to design new transition-metal complexes with a reactivity that is highly selective for the alkene double bond function. The selectivity will be exploited in the development of functional group tolerant catalysts for an importan t class of olefin refinement process: Olefin metathesis. In this process, catalyst tolerance toward functional groups other than the alkene double bond is vital and reduced activity is observed for the most functional group tolerant catalysts for olefin m etathesis. A second major challenge within olefin metathesis is particularly evident in organic synthesis, where the lack of rational control of the formation of cis and trans olefinic products currently represents a serious drawback. We intend to obtain active and functional group tolerant catalysts for olefin metathesis by a tight integration of theory-driven quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) catalyst design with expertise in organic, inorganic and organometallic synthesis as well as catalysis. Target structures based on the mid and late transition metals will be generated by the QSAR prediction-approach and subsequently subjected to synthesis and testing of catalytic activity. Finally, complexes active for olefin metathesis will be i nvestigated for possible optimization of stereoselectivity.

Theory-assisted design of functional group-tolerant catalysts for olefin conversion

Acid catalysis over zeotype materials is one of the most important and fundamental topics in catalysis. Basic natural gas conversion processes like MTO (methanol to olefins), dimerisation, and C4 isomerisation can be performed using acid catalysis by zeol ites and/or microporous SAPOs. In addition, refinery processes like catalytic cracking, reforming, aromatisation and C5-C6 isomerisation rely on zeotype catalysts as well. There is a growing understanding that many of these reactions share common features  regarding the elementary reaction mechanisms including deactivation.

The Oslo group has a long history of research on MTH-type reactions, and a break-through in the understanding of  the reaction mechanism has come during the past few years. In this pro ject, our ambition is to bring this knowledge even further  by studying the effect of individual material parameters on the selectivity of MTH-type reactions. Electronic effects, steric requirements as well as diffusion effects are among the main paramete rs affecting the reactions and they have previously not been studied in much detail.

Although MTH-type reactions are the focal point of this project, we believe that the results of the project will be beneficial not only for the creation of a second gene ration MTH catalyst, but also for tailoring catalytic zeotype materials for other carbocation-mediated reactions.

Carbocation mediated hydrocarbon reactions over acidic zeotype catalysts

Katalysesymposiet er Faggruppa for katalyse (Norsk kjemisk selskap) sitt viktigste arrangement. Faggruppas medlemmer er spredt over hele Norge, og samles bare til årsmøtet og katalysesymposiet som dermed får en viktig nasjonal faglig funksjon. Symposiet f ungerer tradisjonelt også som årsmøte for katalysedelen av forskningsprogrammet KOSK (Katalyse og Organisk Syntetisk Kjemi) i Norges Forskningsråd. 
Hovedhensiktene med symposiet er å vise bredden i norsk katalyseforskning, samt å gi yngre forskere en mul ighet til å fremvise og dikutere sine resultater. Årets symposium vil bli avholdt over to dager, 23. og 24. oktober i Forskningsparkens lokaler i Oslo. Årets inviterte plenarforedragsholder vil være Professor J. A. Moulijn fra det Tekniske Universitetet i  Delft, Nederland.


Norsk Katalysesymposium 23.-24. oktober 2007

Adenosine is a signaling substance, which mediate its effects by activation of fours different G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCR) (A1, A2A, A2B and A3). The receptors differs in their affinity for adenosine as well as their downstream signaling pathways a ctivated in the target cells. The ARs are present in basically every cell in the body, but their abundance in different tissue varies. Adenosine has very limited applications as a drug due to an extremely short half-life (t1/2 < 10 s). Caffeine and theoph ylline are classical non-selective AR antagonist with high affinities for A1 and A2A receptors. The excitatory effects of caffeine are a result of its ability to antagonize adenosine activity at A1 receptors in the central nervous system. A selective and  potent ligand for any of the ARs may have a drug potential, i.e. A1 antagonists for treatment of asthma, A2A antagonists as anti-Parkinson drugs, A2B antagonists for treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases and A3 antagonists as anti-cancer agents. We have  recently initiated screening of a small library of 6-arylpurines examined by us earlier as selective inhibitors of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. From the results currently available, it is clear that minor structural changes may lead to compounds with comp letely altered selectivity, and we believe, that potent and selective antagonists of all four AR sub-types will be synthesized in the planned project. Synthesis of optimized structures with respect to potency and AR sub-type selectivity will be carried ou t at the University of Oslo, and target compounds will be designed based on available screening results, molecular modeling and drug-like physiochemical properties. Biological evaluations as adenosine receptor ligands in the group of Prof. Christa Müller,  University of Bonn and molecular modeling may be conducted in cooperation with Prof. Müller and collaborators at the University of Bonn and the Fraunhofer Inst. St. Augustin.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of selective antagonists for the various adenosine receptors

The Catalysis group at the Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo and the Department of Hydrocarbon Process Chemistry at SINTEF Materials and Chemistry have been collaborating fruitfully for decades, and during the last 10 years they have exploited t he synergy between experimental and computational methods with great success. This project involves one new PhD student. The PhD candidate will be dependent on interaction with scientists at both UiO and SINTEF, due to the methodologically advanced nature  of the project.

Aluminosilicate zeolites and silicoaluminophophate SAPO-type materials are solid acids that may act as catalysts for the conversion of methanol to light alkenes. Recent NMR results obtained in joint project between UiO and the group of P rof. Francis Taulelle in Versailles, France give new insight into the local environment at the active sites in zeolites. A long withstanding issue within the research on these materials is whether or not Al (or Si for the SAPOs) is randomly distributed am ong the various framework sites, if certain positions are preferentially occupied, or if ordering may occur. Advanced solid state NMR indicates that the mobility of framework T-atom during calcination of the catalytic reaction is substantial and that Al p airing takes place to a large extent. Within the current project, the PhD candidate will perform synthesis of microporous materials of the CHA structure and submit these to extensive characterization using solid state NMR utilizing a new instrument at SIN TEF, as well as other characterization techniques.

Advanced Characterisation of Local Coordination of T-atoms in Microporous Materials with CHA Topology

The next Organic Winter Meeting, the 24rd, will take place January 8th-11th 2009 at Thon Hotel Skeikampen, Skeikampen. This conference is the national meeting in organic chemistry in Norway, and it is held under the umbrella of the Division of Organic Che mistry of the Norwegian Chemical Society. Master and Ph.D.-students as well as pod.doc.-fellows present research results from their projects at the meeting. Four distinguished chemists have been invited and have accepted to participate as plenary speakers . The OKV-24 meeting will emphasize on these following topics: 
organometallic chemistry; natural products synthesis; medicinal chemistry; organocatalysis/asymmetric synthesis and synthetic methodology while keeping particular emphasis on bio-organic aspe cts.

Organic Chemistry Wintermeeting 2009

Telescope reactions:
Assume that a three-step reaction is to be optimised: Lay out a statistical design to map the first step. Run the experiments an determine the responses. The response matrix Y=[y1 y2 ....ur] summarises the results. A principal compone nt model will determine the number of independent events yielding Y, i.e. the number of independent reactions yielding the desired product and byproducts.  By fitting regression models to the PCA score vectors it is possible to identify those variables th at are necessary to control for favouring the desired reaction, and which variable to control to suppress the parasite reactions. The important variables from the first reaction step are now added as extra design variables for the next step. The outcome o f the first steps is the input for the second step, By perturbing teh variables of the first step we introduce variation of the input of the second step. The evaluation as depicted above will now reveal the important variable of the first two steps. The p rocedure in then iterated for the subsequent step. This will give quantitative models for multi-step reactions.

Orthogonal experiments:
With new synthetic reaction it is important to determine as early as possible if the reaction can be developed into a  new synthetic method. A new method for designing such explorative experiments is developed. The feature is that the search space defined by variable settings, interactions between variables can be explored by peeling of one dimension at a time of the sear ch space. The model space is factored by singular value decomposition (SVD) and the experiments that are most parallel to the singular vectors are selected. This yields a A-Optimal design. These principles are being tested with new reactions of synthons f rom small brominated unsaturated ketones.

Design and optimisation in organic synthesis:Optimisation of telscope reactions and methodologies base on orthogonal experiments

Organisk Kjemisk Vintermøte 2007

The Organic Winter Meeting is the national meeting in organic chemistry in Norway. It is a conference under the umbrella of the Norwegian Chemical Society, which has given me the task to organize the meeting. 

Since its infancy the tradition has been to invite 3-4 eminent chemists, covering various subdiciplines of organic chemistry, to give the plenary lectures. Due to financial support from the research council over the years it has been possible to maintain this tradition without having to charge a co nsiderable conference fee. This has been absolutely instrumental to keep up the numbers of participants in times with little money at Norwegian universities for conference participation.

The next winter meeting, which I will organize, will take place fro m the 10th to the 13th of January 2008. The participants will arrive with train midday the 10th. The meeting will then start just after lunch with a plenary lecture followed by shorter talks, poster presentations etc until approximately 19.30. The schedul e will be almost the same the 11th. The 12th, however, there will be two plenary lectures, and at the very end the annual meeting of the Organic Division of the Norwegian Chemical Society will be held; otherwise, the program will contain shorter talks and  poster presentations as the previous days. The participants will leave with train the next morning.

I have organized the winter meeting three times before, and each time emphasized certain parts of organic chemistry. This time I want to focus on organic  synthesis, in particular bio-organic chemistry.

I have started the process to invite the following as plenary speakers, of whom the three first on the list have accepted the invitation:

Professor Anita R. Maguire, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland 

Professor Dieter Schinzer,University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

Professor Peter Seeberger, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland

Professor Snorri T. Sigurdsson, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

Det 23. Organisk-Kjemisk Vintermøte 2008

The production of valuable chemicals via selective functionalization of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is a major challenge in the field of contemporary organometallic chemistry.  A particularly attractive substrate is methane which has previously  been successfully C-H bond activated by electrophilic late transition organometallics under harsh conditions.  Highly electron-deficient donor solvent-free metallocene complexes of the rare-earth elements were also shown to activate methane via non-oxida tive mechanisms (e.g., sigma bond methathesis).  Such activation scenarios were successfully exploited for catalytic (stereoselective) hydrosilylation reactions.  The goal of this project is to sound out the C-H bond activation capability of various rare- earth metal tetramethylaluminate complexes which have been recently synthesized in our group.  Main emphasis will be put on studying monocyclopentadienyl and postmetallocene derivatives with respect to in situ generation of reactive Ln-alkyl bonds and lab eling experiments.  Consideration is given to aliphatic, olefinic, and aromatic substrates including donor-functionalized molecules such as pyridine.

Rare-Earth Metal-Promoted C-H Bond Activation

A number of substituted 3-nitropyridines are now easily available by a new nitration method, and some of these derivatives are suitable substrates for the preparation of a series of bis-heterocycles. We will investigate the chemistry of nitropyridyl deriv atives further and propose to utilise 3-nitropyridyl substrates for the formation of a series of heterocyclic compounds, many of which are present in pharmaceuticals. We want to study:
- the synthesis of beta-carboline analogues and furo-/thieno-azacinnol ines,
- cycloaddition reactions with benzyne and pyridyne (pyridopyrimidinone),
- Pschorr ring closure and oxidative cyclisation to fused tri-cyclic heterocyclic systems,
- cyanomethylation and cyclization (imidazopyridine-1-oxide),
- [2+4] cycloaddition of pyridyl isocyanate and diazonium ions (azolotetrazinone),
- cyclization of isocyanate and aminopyrazolo carboxylate (pyrazolopyrimidinedione),
- new cross coupling reactions of nitropyridines,
- chiral pyridine products formed by [2+2+2] cycloaddition reactions,
- chiral hydroalkoxylation,
- Non Linear Optical (NLO) properties of isocyanurates,
- biological activity of potential products by bioassay screening.
A collaboration with research groups at the Universities of Hamburg and Tromsø will be establ ished.

Synthetic applications of nitropyridine derivatives.

Gold catalysis of organic reactions has  become a rapidly expanding field in recent years after being neglected by organic chemists for a long time. Gold catalysts react in very selective ways and may give access to highly complex molecules. The present p roject describes the continued investigations of our recently discovered new gold catalysed mono- and tandem cyclisation reactions, covering mechanistic studies and modified substrates, such as vinylesters/-amides, indoles, alkynesulfoxides, as well as st eroselective gold catalysed reactions.

NHC (N-Heterocyclic Carbene) compounds are electron-rich N,N-disubstituted imidazol-2-ylidenes developed the last decade due to their attractive properties. In particular, they play a favourable role in transition m etal catalyzed reactions, replacing the traditional phosphine ligands. We will design and prepare a number of new chiral NHC ligands, based on suitable approaches for such syntheses. The ability of the new NHC ligands to afford chiral induction in organoc atalytic transformations will be studied.

A collaboration with a research group at the University of Hamburg and SINTEF Biotechnology, Trondheim, has been established.

Gold catalysis and new chiral NHC compounds.

Steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) has proved to be a powerful technique for studying heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. SSITKA combines steady-state and transient techniques provided that no isotopic effects occur. The technique allows determination of the true turnover frequency of the active site decoupled from the site coverage. By steady-state experiments only the product of the rate constant and the site coverage is determined.

From the analysis of experimental SSITKA data only average rate constants can be determined. However, the application of more sophisticated approaches can yield reactivity distributions based on the measured transients. The reactivity distribution can give important information of the active surface
 
The present proposal deals with the use of the steady-state isotopic transient kinetic analysis (SSITKA) to study surface reactions. Initially, the focus will be on hydrogenation of CO on supported Co catalysts by switching between 12CO and 13CO. 

It is  also proposed to expand the transient studies to include partial oxidation of methane or ethane using  labelled oxygen In this case the reactivity of surface oxygen can be determined.

Transient kinetic studies (SSITKA) of catalytic reactions

Dessa vintermöten anordnas varje år av Norsk Kjemisk Selskap. Ansvaret för arrangangen roterar mella lärosätena i Norge och vid vilka en huvudansvarig utses.För år 2010 är det undertecknad vid Univeritetet i Ttomsø som har fått detta ansvar. Med denna ans ökan begärs ett finansiellt stöd från NFR för att täcka kostnaderna för de inviterade fördragshållarna.

Det 25. Organisk Kjemiske Vintermöte

Aminophosphonates are interesting compounds due to their analogy with amino acids and their derived peptides. They could interfere in biological mechanisms through their hydroxyphosphonyl group approximating the enzymatic reactive tetrahedral intermediate . We aim at creating a new basis for the investigation of aminophosphonates as amino acid mimics. In the research focus is the practical, efficient and enantioselective methodologies for the synthesis of aminophosphonates. Chiral ammonium salts that are p hase-transfer catalysts will be evaluated in preparation of such aminophosphonates. Phosphapeptides will be prepared by incorporating an aminophosphonate residue in short peptides, and will be studied using NMR together with computational chemistry as too ls to gain insight into changes in their conformations, dynamics and type of aggregates.

Design and synthesis of chiral aminophosphonates: from biomimetic catalysis to phosphapeptides

With the advent of drug design, high throughput screening and combinatorial chemistry, medicinal chemists became less and less interested in natural products as a source for drugs. In the last two decades, medicinal chemists seemed inclined towards the ap parently more accessible synthetic products obtained from combinatorial chemistry. However, it has been recognized that combinatorial chemistry has severe limitations in generating novel classes of biologically active compounds, as seen by the sharp decli ne of number of approved drugs the last ten years. 

In this research proposal we will prepare two polyunsaturated marine natural products, bacillariolide I and zonariaenon, from eicosapentaenoic acid. These two natural products, as well as some of the in termediates, will be submitted to molecular modeling and biological testing as potential antagonists or agonists for the peroxisome proliferating activating delta receptor.

The ethyl ester of eicosapentaenoic is produced in Sandefjord, Norway by the Norw egian pharmaceutical company Pronova.  Pronova is establishing a synthetic group in Oslo. In the near future Pronova must need synthetic chemists with competence and a strong background in handling air and light sensitive polyunsaturated fatty acids, as w ell as their derivatives. This project will gain knowledge in how to handle and use eicosapentaenoic acid as a starting material in organic synthesis.

Moreover, the natural products prepared in this research proposal may aid the elucidation of the physio logical role of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. With full knowledge of these receptors and their physiological role, control of a number of maladies, such as type 2 diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease may be possible.

Synthesis of two polyunsaturated natural products using epa as starting material

Synthesis gas can be produced by catalytic partial oxidation using gas phase oxygen. However, this process is facing some major engineering problems such as the presence of large temperature gradients and the risk of explosion caused by premixed methane a nd oxygen. An alternative approach is to carry out the partial oxidation by using lattice oxygen in a solid material, i.e. with no gas phase oxygen present. The present proposal deals with the studies of a reactor system where air and methane are periodic ally brought into contact with a catalyst consisting of convenient oxides such as perovskites or ceria based oxides. The redox process will be studied in a TEOM-MS reactor. The development of a microkinetic model based on the elementary steps of the surfa ce reactions is also an important part of the work.

Partial Oxidation of Methane. Studies on mechanism and kinetics.

The present proposal describes a novel way of utilising the internal electrical resistance in carbon composite materials to activate catalyst materials for chemical reactions: A compact, internally heated, catalytic reactor is demonstrated for the low-tem perature oxidation of carbon monoxide. Carbon nanofibres were grown on carbon felt and used as a support material for Au/TiO2 catalysts. The carbon composite plays two roles; as a support material for the catalyst and for providing heat to the reaction by  the Joule effect. The internal heating offers a stable reactor system with quick temperature response at relatively low energy input. Comparison between external and internal heating shows higher conversion of CO in the low-temperature range when using i nternal heating.

The project seeks to prepare and compare two kinds of microstructured reactors for small-scale preferential oxidation of CO:
1. Carbon nanofibres grown on carbon felt and used as a support material for Au-Pt/TiO2 catalysts with internal heating
2. Carbon nanofibres grown inside ceramic monoliths to increase the surface area. Also in this case the Au-Pt/TiO2 catalysts will be deposited on to the carbon nanofibres.

Novel microstructured reactors for selective oxidation of CO

Nature is a rich source of bioactive compounds and potential drugs. The so-called secondary metabolites are structures involved in interaction between organisms, for instance chemical defense. Studies of such metabolites have led to the discovery of many life-saving drugs, including antibiotics, immunosuppressant and antineoplastic agents. The last 50 years there has been an increasing interest for marine natural products as potential drugs and molecular tools, since an enormous chemical and biological di versity are found among metabolites from marine species. However, most bioactive marine products can only be isolated in very minute amounts, and bioprospecting must be combined with state of the art organic synthesis in order to explore the true potentia l of these chemically complex structures. Organic synthesis also open up the possibilities for preparation of marine natural product analogs which may be easier to synthesize, and which may also possess improved properties regarding bioactivity, bioavaila bility etc. 
Asmarines have been isolated from marine sponges (Raspailia sp). Currently 11 asmarines are known, and asmarines A and B are reported to possess significant cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. This project is aiming at  the first total synthesis of one or more asmarines, even though this overall goal may not be reached within this project period. Compounds synthesized will be evaluated as potential antimicrobials (against pathogenic bacteria, incl. mycobacteria, fungi a nd protozoa), and potential anti-cancer compounds. While working towards a total synthesis of one ore more asmarines, several analogs or model substances will be synthesized. Their antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity will be studied. This will lead to in creased knowledge regarding structure-activity relationships (SAR) for asmarines and analogs. In due course, potential antimicrobial or anti-cancer drugs with optimized structures compared to the parent natural pro

FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap

EUI - 4. året Caught in the middle: Experts on European Integration in the Norwegian Civil Service, 1960-1972

Awarded: NOK 0.17 mill.

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FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap

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