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CERN-Kjerne- og partikkelforskning

CERN Heavy Ion Theory

Alternative title: CERN Heavy Ion Theory

Awarded: NOK 4.5 mill.

- 2022 - August 30 - September 12: 11th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (2022), Kolymbari, Crete, Greece. Talks are published on the conference web site and in the Proceedings of the Conference. The major part of the talks was given in person with small amount of talks via internet. 220 participants. Public talk: "Searching for viable path to nuclear fusion energy" by Prof. J. Rafelski Herndi, Zsuzsa: A jelen s a jvo legjobb kiltsa a nukleris energia (The best future choice is nuclear energy), "Fejlodni, de hogyan?" (Evolve but how? - in Hungarian), Interview with Laszlo Csernai, Demokrata, weekly 39 p.52-54 (2022.09.28) - 2021 - August 23 - September 3: 10th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (2021), Kolymbari, Crete, Greece. Talks are published on the conference web site and in the Proceedings of the Conference. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, the conference was in a mixed (offline - online) format. Ca. 190 participants. Popular science: three public talks (in English, Greek and Spanish) with virtual visit to LHC experiments and one CERN Masterclass (in Greek). Nano Fusion, a new way for Laser Driven Fusion, L.P. Csernai for the NAPLIFE Collaboration, Colloquium, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, 14 July 2021. - 2020 -- September 4-12, and October 1-2: 9th International Conference on New Frontiers in Physics (2020), Kolymbari, Crete, Greece. Talks are published on the conference web site and in the proceedings of the Conference. Because of COVID-19 restrictions, the conference was in a mixed (offline - online)format. Ca. 170 participants.

(i) The earlier developed theoretical approaches were upgraded, namely Fluid Dynamics model - to Generalised Effective String Model; Quark-Gluon String Model - to (semi)hard processes via the hard Pomerons; HYDJET++ model - to fluctuations of initial state and to odd harmonics of anisotropic flow. (ii) These models were tested to new experimental data coming from CERN LHC and BNL RHIC BES. Also, HYDJET++ model was included into official event-generator-pool of the CMS Collaboration. Obtained results were published in top scientific journals and reported at many international conferences, including very prestigious Quark Matter and Strangeness in Quark Matter ones. (iii) New theoretical approaches are developed. This includes (1) determination of thermal vorticity in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions; (2) determination of hyperon polarisation in these reactions; (3) extraction of shear viscosity of hot and dense nuclear matter as function of temperature, baryon chemical potential, and strangeness chemical potential; (4) application of Deep Learning methods to classification of Equation of State; (5) triple nuclear collision method to study properties of how baryon-dense matter. (iv) A new experiment NAPLIFE, based on laser inertial fusion, is proposed as an improved way to achieve laser driven fusion. The improvement is the combination of two basic research discoveries: (1) the possibility of detonations on space-time hyper-surfaces with time-like normal (i.e. simultaneous detonation in a whole volume) and (2) to increase this volume to the whole target, by regulating the laser light absorption using nanoshells or nanorods as antennas. Our studies can be applied to laser driven fusion, but also to other rapid phase transition, combustion, or ignition studies in other materials. (v) The interplay between soft and hard processes in heavy ion collisions at ultra-relativistic energies is studied. Among the considered phenomena are development of triangular flow, spatial and dynamical correlations, correlations between low-pT and hard-pT elliptic flow, backward-forward multiplicity correlations, elliptic flow of heavy quarkonia, scaling properties of particle production at LHC and investigation of role of cold nuclear matter effects. (vi) Our team made a significant contribution into the study of the problem of hyperon polarisation in non-central relativistic heavy ion collisions. For instance, our predictions given to HADES and STAR collaborations became closer to then measured data among the other predictions of other groups.

The first, and so far only unexpected new result from the CERN LHC, is the very strong collective matter flow in heavy ion reactions, well exceeding all earlier flow measurements at lower energies. This is contrary to all previous expectations, where increased transparency of matter was expected with increasing energy. Due to these development the large collaborations, ALICE, ATLAS and CMS, are strengthening their heavy ion research. The observed collective flow of Quark Gluon Plasma in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions opened a new possibility to study high energy dynamical processes at an extreme precision with the largest detectors of the World. The project aims for (i) implementing and upgrading the earlier developed theoretical approaches to the new experimental activities including the Fluid Dynamics model, the Quark Gluon String model and Hybrid HYDJET++ model approaches, (ii) test these against experiments at CERN for ideal and dissipative traditional approaches, (iii) work out a Lattice CFD approach based on integral description of dissipative transport processes (iv) study the interplay of soft and hard processes and (v) investigate the role of cold nuclear matter effects in production of heavy quarkonia. An interesting part of the project is to develop a Lattice Fluid Dynamical approach in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) for high temperature and high energy phenomena, detonations and shocks in extreme states of matter, in a collaboration between Theoretical Physics Group of IFT/UiB, led by Prof. L.P. Csernai, The important part of the project at UiO is to implement the initial state fluctuations obtained within Quark Gluon String Model in HYDJET++ model, to get odd flow coefficients in PbPb collisions at LHC energies, study J/PSI production in this hybrid model, investigate such phenomena as ridge and jet quenching.

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CERN-Kjerne- og partikkelforskning