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Anvendt forskning

Ny forskning fra Europa og USA peker på at bedrifter bidrar til økende lønnsforskjeller– selv innenfor smalt definerte jobber eller industrier, som økonomifag eller treforedling. Til tross for stor interesse og økende tilgjengelighet av administrative data, vet vi overraskende lite om hvordan– og hvorfor bedriftene påvirker lønnsulikhet. Det viktigste hinderet har vært at variasjon i foretaks lønns- og personalpraksis (heretter kalt HR) har vist seg vanskelig å måle for et representativt utvalg av bedrifter.

I dette prosjektet løser vi måleproblemet ved å utvikle en ny forskningsinfrastruktur. Vår datainnsamlingsmetode muliggjør måling av HR og personalpolitikk på bedriftsnivå og kobling til inntekts- og arbeidertakerforhold. 

Denne kombinasjonen tilrettelegger for ny kunnskap om bedrifters interne arbeidsmarkeder og betydningen av HR og personalpolitikk for lønnsulikhet i arbeidsmarkedet.  

Vi starter med å utforske hva HR gjør i det eksterne arbeidsmarkedet. Her vil vi prøve å forstå hvordan bruk av rekrutteringsmetode avhenger av arbeideres utdanningsnivå, f.eks. master eller grunnskole, om man ansetter fra andre arbeidsgivere eller fra arbeidsledighet, og hvordan dette virker på ulikhet. I prosjektets hoveddel vil vi undersøke hvordan bedrifter organiserer sine interne arbeidsmarkeder, som for eksempel innebærer hvordan ulike jobber er rangert i et jobbhierarki, teams, hvordan ansatte navigerer karrieremuligheter i bedriften, oppnår forfremmelse og lønnsvekst, og hvordan ansatte verdsetter de interne mulighetene i forhold til muligheter i andre bedrifter. I siste del av prosjektet vil vi undersøke betydningen av informasjon om muligheter for arbeidere og hvorvidt forskjeller i lønn også reflekterer gap i kunnskap om muligheter. 

Samlet sett vil prosjektet bidra til økt forståelse av hvordan moderne arbeidsmarkeder fungerer og hva offentlig og bedriftspolitikk kan gjøre for å håndtere utfordringer knyttet til økende lønnsulikhet.

Firms’ human resource policies play an important role in shaping individual workers’ careers and overall inequality. The key challenge with identifying the role that firms play in shaping workers’ careers is that existing worker-firm datasets, such as Norwegian register data, do not include information on what goes on inside of firms. For instance, these data do not include information on how firms advertise or fill vacant positions, how workers learn about these positions, or how firms organize their internal hierarchies. This project aims to advance our understanding of the determinants of HR policies and the consequences of these policies for individual careers and for labor market inequality. In order to do so, the researchers will establish a research infrastructure that combines the strength of the Norwegian administrative data with recent advancements in survey design. 

The research infrastructure will allow them to open the "black box" of firms’ HR policies and make three distinct contributions. In the first project, they will use the infrastructure to develop and validate new survey instruments for measuring firms’ internal HR policies. This will allow them to describe determinants of firm recruitment policies, how practices differ across firms and workers, and whether different recruitment strategies reinforce existing labor market inequalities. In the second project, they will explore workers’ search across and within firms and examine the value workers attach to internal labor markets. This will leverage experiments embedded in the worker survey, as well as recent techniques to measure the organizational structure of firms. The third project will estimate the value that workers place on information about the outside labor market. In doing so, it contributes to an ongoing academic and policy discussion about the role of information in the labor market.

Firming Up Careers: Human Resource Policies and Inequality

Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på fagområde

Hovedformålet er å få levert en søknad til H2020 programmet innen 14 februar. 

Hovedinnholdet i prosjektet det søkes om er: 

The purpose of the project is the building of a light offshore construction vessel to enable operations in conjunction with tidal energy. It can reduce the cost of tidal energy with 2/3.

Prosjektetablering: Hf 4 Tidal Energy Vessel

Efficient water electrolysis is a requirement for a transition to a hydrogen-based energy system. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are directed towards potential reductions in the capital costs and an increase in the energy efficiency of PEM water electrolysers for production of hydrogen from renewable electricity.

This project deals with water electrolysis with proton-conducting membranes. Due to the acidic conditions in these membranes the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is slow and requires use of expensive and scarce materials for electrocatalysts which will hamper the use of this otherwise efficient technology. Thus, the project supports the introduction of new concepts in the development of highly active electrocatalysts for PEM electrolysers expected to lead to up to 75% reduction of the use of platinum group metals compared to the state of the art PEM electrolysers.

The project draws on recent experimental and theoretical progress to solve this problem by designing and implementing catalyst architectures of ultra-high catalyst utilization. Work performed at NTNU and LEPMI indicates that significant reduction in the amount of for example iridium used in PEM water electrolysis catalysts can be achieved in segregated structures without loss of performance.

The project thus pursues the use of wet-chemical synthesis techniques, to achieve improved catalyst architectures such as MOx@IrO2 core@shell catalysts based on iridium oxide shells and a conducting oxide cores. This will be combined with advanced characterization techniques for verification of the structures as well as their implementation in electrolysis cells. In particular will the Project benefit from the new Norwegian Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Centre and an experimental rig for in-situ characterisation of catalyst degradation at LEPMI.

Core@shell and Nanosegregated Crystallites for Low-temperature Water Electrolysis

Sea ice extent and the frequency of harmful algal blooms, which  may even become more toxic, will be affected by the ongoing gradual increase of the global temperature. Reduced sea ice as well as more frequent toxic blooms will have an impact on local communities, ecosystem services as well as industries (e.g. fisheries). To understand the underlying processes and mechanisms regulating sea ice and toxic blooms, it is essential to document the past variability of sea ice extent and harmful algal blooms.

The collaboration between Uni Research and Ifremer is dedicated to develop, improve and promote environmental ancient DNA as a next generation tool for specifically investigating the dynamics and past variability of sea ice and harmful algal blooms. The new and innovative method of environmental ancient DNA has comparable challenges for both - seemingly unrelated - sea ice and harmful algal bloom reconstructions. These challenges will be tackled through the proposed collaboration and provide essential new insights into the processes operating in a globally warmer world.

Developing ancient DNA as a proxy for tracing past sea ice variability and harmful algal bloom dynamics

In today's complex environment, surveillance, patrolling and area assessment activities in coastal and maritime environments are becoming ubiquitous. The explosive growth and the consequent cost reduction of electronic devices have led to affordable unmanned aerial, surface and maritime vehicles. Coupling these trends leads to teams of autonomous vehicles or, more general, to multi-agent formations which, cooperatively and autonomously, manage a task unsuited for direct human control (due to danger, cost effectiveness, operating conditions and the like). 

This mobility project's scope is to 
implement and test various cooperative control algorithms in a laboratory setting on 
teams of unmanned aerial and surface vehicles (UAVs and USVs)
with the specific objective of
structural inspection of certain areas or structures by optimally,
minimizing various specific costs (e.g., the total length flown by the UAV, the time spent in order to cover the whole object, fuel consumption and the like)
under realistic circumstances.

Structural inspection motion planning using cooperative autonomous robots

The prevalence of cancer is expected to increase. Thus, the need
for effective anti-cancer therapy is increasing. The progression of aggressive cancer occurs via angiogenesis and metastasis making these processes important targets for the development of anti-cancer drugs. However, recent studies have raised the concern that selective inhibition of angiogenesis  results in a switch towards increased tumour growth and cell spreading. Annexin A2 plays a role in the development of a number of different cancers and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, it is often regarded as a marker for aggressive cancer types, consequently emerging as a promising target for anti-cancer therapy. Annexin A2, a multifunctional protein, is involved in several processes associated with cell migration such as angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, Annexin A2 plays a role in the transport and translation of specific mRNAs, such as its cognate mRNA. Since Annexin A2 is involved in both angiogenesis and metastasis it may provide an ideal target for simultaneous inhibition of both processes. Also, increased plasma levels of Annexin A2 have also been associated with stimulation of the immune system and therefore also related to immune therapy of cancer. Thus, it is of great interest to obtain a compound that may increase the expression of Annexin A2 only temporarily. Prohibitins interact with Annexin A2 and the activities of the multifunctional prohibitins are regulated by flavaglines, which are natural compounds. These compounds relieve the resistance to cancer chemotherapies and display a strong cytotoxicity that is specific to cancer cells. Prof. Désaubry in France is an expert on prohibitins and flavaglines, as well as other prohibitin ligands while Prof. Vedeler in Norway is an expert on Annexin A2 including its mRNA-binding properties.By joining efforts, we aim at modulating the expression and/or activity of Annexin A2 by using the prohibitins and flavaglines.

Modulators of the Synthesis and Activity of Annexin A2

Associations between fetal and the first months of life exposure to environmental factors and long-term health and chronic diseases have been established. For more thorough investigation several big birth cohorts have been established worldwide. In Norway the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) has included pregnant women from 1999 to 2009 and in France The EDEN study included pregnant women from 2003 to 2006 and the Elfe cohort from 2011.  Aim of the cohorts is to investigate factors that can cause or prevent diseases both early and later in life and by finding casual effects being able to take preventative steps.    
One of the main sources of exposure to chemicals during fetal and early life is through food intake. Exposures to several contaminants present in food, like PCBs, perfluorinated compounds and acrylamide have been associated with growth in utero and/or during early postnatal life and impaired cognitive development. So far most evaluations have been performed with single contaminants however, studies that evaluate potential cumulative effects and interactions between multiple contaminants and have been called for in nutritional, toxicological and child health research fields. It is therefore necessary to also consider exposure to chemicals associated in mixtures. Furthermore, differential associations between prenatal and early postnatal exposure and postnatal outcomes have been described but rarely within the same study, preventing to study cumulative or opposing effects
The main objective of this project will be to explore different models for assessments of dietary exposure to mixtures of contaminants. For the MoBa dietary group this will be undertaken in collaboration with one research groups at Inserm, France. Both research groups are working with large cohort studies and both groups have experience with assessments of food contaminants.

Pre- and postnatal exposure to a mixture of dietary contaminants and child development.

In the modern world, around 40% of all energy is consumed in buildings. The energy needs tend to increase together with the standards of living and can thus be expected to further increase in the future. Smart windows that adjust the light transmission have the potential to combat this trend. By use of smart windows one can regulate the transport of light and heat through the window, e.g. reduce the transmission on hot days while still keeping a clear view on cold days or when the sun is not shining. This kind of windows can reduce the demand for energy for heating, cooling and lightning in modern buildings. The proposal is related to establishing scientific collaboration on the above topic between International leading Institutions in France and Norway with subsequent project developments for EU Institutions. Research focus of the proposal will be related to fabrication of a photochromic demonstrator device, preliminary testing and characterization of the device both realistic usage conditions and accelerated ageing, study of stability with respect to environmental conditions such as humidity and thermal variations, identify the market potential of the devices and perform a cost analysis. The project will enhance French-Norwegian collaboration by exchange visits, sharing of infrastructure and equipment, exchange of ideas and competence on advanced chromogenic materials. The possibility of dissemination by inviting a session at E-MRS will be discussed. The project presents good balance between genders as well as early stage and experienced scientists. This is multidisciplinary project that combine the complementary expertise of the research partners in materials scientists, smart windows, physics, chemistry, and modeling. The project will help to keep Norway and France at the forefront of new developments in smart window research, which in the future will lead to joint EU project developments, high impact publications and business opportunities.

Materials research for chromogenic device applications

Nowadays, software systems are leveraging upon an aggregation of dedicated solutions, which leads to the design of large scale, distributed, dynamic systems. The need to evolve and update such systems after delivery is often inevitable, for example, due to changes in the requirements, maintenance, or needs for advancing the quality of services such as scalability and performances.
Dynamically adaptive systems (DAS) have emerged to cope with this challenge by enabling the continuous design and adaptation of complex software systems. DAS facilitates handling short-term changes in the execution environment as well as long-term changes in the system requirements. In order to facilitate reasoning, simulation and enactment of adaptation actions, DAS typically rely on a runtime model that provides an abstract representation of the running system. These models are often based on a predefined and fixed set of concepts that describe the current system?s hardware infrastructure and services. However, with the recent advances in the miniaturization of computer hardware, these infrastructures and services can dynamically evolve due to arbitrary node mobility or failures.  An interesting challenge is thus to provide support for the dynamic modification of these runtime models on the basis of the appearance or disappearance of devices and services. A particular focus will be given to the integration of such new devices and services within the runtime model on the basis of their similarities at a semantic level (e.g., a newly accessible smartphone can be integrated and considered as a display within the runtime model).

The intention of this AURORA project is to combine ours experience and tooling in the design of DAS (SINTEF) and in dynamic discovery (I3S), and to transform them it into a pivot to co-organise our research efforts based on our pre-existing results and thus to build a sustainable collaboration focusing on addressing the research challenge previously described.

DynAdapt

This Aurora application will focus on Humanitarian Logistics. Answering to the calls for more multi-disciplinary and empirically grounded research, the research centres at CIEM and in Albi bring together their individual competences to build up a collaboration dedicated to Humanitarian Logistcs together with the IFRC. 
The project entails three phases:
(1) Theoretical research and analyses and concept (2015)
(2) Field research (2016)
(i) Develop the list of objectives and problem modelling
(ii) Real-time in-field data collection
(iii) Validation with end users
(3) Analysis of the model results and final validation (2017)
The achieved research results will be published at international forums such as refereed conferences (2015-2017) AND journals (2016/2017) and finally in the form of a PhD dissertation (2017). The AURORA funding will be particularly useful to support the execution of Step 2 that will need knows, and know-how of both University of Agder and Mines Albi to succeed. 
This research program has established for the period 2015-2017 in a partnership with the Global Logistics Service (GLS) Americas, based at Panama. GLS is the humanitarian logistic services provider of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC, www.ifrc.org/what-we-do/logistics/). -	First, this partnership allows mutualizing efforts to study the whole problematic of HSC by studying both upstream and downstream parts of the supply chain. To do such a study two complementary PhD resources were needed and such collaboration allows sharing the associated costs. 
The partnership between UiA and Albi will allow mutualizing efforts to study the whole problematic of HSC by studying both upstream and downstream parts of the supply chain. To do such a study two complementary PhD resources were needed and such collaboration allows sharing the associated costs.
In addition, the two partners will aim at submitting a joint H2020 proposal in 2016.

Humanitarian Logistics Performance

In several systems in the Earths crust, fluids are self-produced inside a rock (dehydration of sediments in the subduction channel, migration of hydrocarbon from a source rock) and escape by creating their own paths. This is a process of reaction-induced fracturing. Primary migration i.e. the transport of hydrocarbon fluids from very low permeability source rocks in which they are generated to more permeable reservoirs or to the surface is an example of both economic and fundamental interest. 
To evaluate the exploration prospect of partly mature shale plays, an understanding of naturally created fracture networks properties such as crack geometry, fracture density, connectivity between cracks and reservoir permeability is needed. To predict evolution of natural hydraulic fractures generated by a fluid created within a low permeability rock, physical models with analogue materials are used. 
During their PhD, Dr. Kobchenko and Dr. Zanella developed independently two different experimental approaches to model hydraulic fracturing in analogue media. In this project we use our expertise to develop a new experimental setup, which will better simulate natural hydraulic fracturing. The main objectives are to investigate the geometries of fracturing in anisotropic and low-permeability materials producing an internal fluid (liquid/gas). The set-up will include: homogeneous fluid/gas production, elastic host analogue to simulate fractures, transparency of the setup to follow the process in-situ, using new analogue materials for the host to simulate heterogeneity and anisotropy of the reservoir rock. In this proposed project, the combination of both, physical and geological approaches is essential for the understanding the reaction-induced fracturing within low permeability porous isotropic and anisotropic materials.

PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

Prosjektetablering: Hf 4 Tidal Energy Vessel

Awarded: NOK 39,999

Summary

Funding scheme:

PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics