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MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2

HUMANE - Human Maritime Autonomy Enable

Alternative title: HUMANE - Human Maritime Autonomy Enable

Awarded: NOK 12.0 mill.

To date, the drive towards a higher level of autonomy in shipping has largely been a technology push, rather than being driven forward by human factors, knowledge needs and the necessary work design. Where the original ambition perhaps was to design humans out of maritime operations entirely, there is however a growing understanding that humans will continue to play crucial roles, irrespectively of which level and capability of enhanced autonomy is being considered. What is also becoming increasingly well understood is that the interplay between humans, organizations and technology will change due to the autonomy agenda, since the distribution of work will change, the work environment will change, responsibilities will change as will the needed skills required to successfully and safely operate the ships of tomorrow. Rather than seeing these changes as challenges or, indeed, barriers, the HUMANE project is searching for the enablers of a higher level of autonomy. Since it takes longer to change organisations and skills bases than to make technical changes, HUMANE is driven by the need for early consideration of the human part of future work systems. As such, the project aims at finding ways of predicting and preparing, the point being to identify the instruments that presumably can bring about the required effectiveness, efficiency and human satisfaction while avoiding or minimising unexpected and unwanted effects ? all within the light of technology, cyber security, rules & regulations as well as the legal aspects of the introduction of new work methods. To be successful, a systems and human-focused approach is needed. Hence, in terms of method, the HUMANE project also departs from tradition, since it is the stakeholders, rather than the scientists, that speak in the project. For this reason, the project has chosen a workshop approach, where groups of stakeholders have built holistic representations of possible futures, have provided insights on how these can be managed, as well as having discussed their operational expectations to the future seen from the four vantage points described: 1. Hardware reliability & cyber security (held 2018) 2. Human skill sets, competence and knowledge (held 2019) 3. Legal implications (held 2019) 4. Organisational & job design challenges (to be held 2021) To date, the HUMANE results comprises a set of enablers that are resolved, appear to be underway to resolution, and the early identification of additional subjects that are outside the scope of the project: Resolved? ? Maritime human-centred design ? to involve people and iterate within the implementation processes ? will work also for autonomous shipping. Expected to be resolved? ? Insights about the coupling between the choice of technology and the roles of humans, links to Concepts of Operations. ? Insights into the difference between technology demonstration and routine use. ? Resilient integrated solutions are not achieved by adding new elements to an existing system. There is a need to integrate human-centred design in early stages of design process. Beyond the HUMANE project reach? ? Safety and security concerns are real. Addressing them is not trivial or a solved problem. ? Insight into end-user acceptance and trust-building in novel technology. ? Co-existence between conventional and autonomous shipping. ? Co-existence between innovation and standardisation. ? Business cases and models adjusted for human roles and intervention(s). The project began in April 2018 and ends in June 2023. The final outcome of the project will be made available in an edited book.

• We contributed to increased knowledge on a systems level, by exploring what changes when autonomy is introduced. • We provided suggested solutions to identified challenges. • We have supplied models and methods for support for organisations that wish to prepare themselves for an autonomous future. • We are publishing an open access book in 2023

There is a large number of technology-focused projects currently in progress in the area of ship automation/autonomy. The concern that the project addresses is the lack of consideration of the human element and the almost exclusive engineering/science focus of current initiatives. The concept of the project is to establish a set of methods for forecasting and a series of alternative scenarios regarding use of autonomy/advanced ICT. We will perform a broad, human-centered evaluation of all the implications and required changes; in particular to work organisation, education, training, assurance, policy, regulation, law, etc. We perceive that these issues are not being fully addressed, and that a set of methods is needed to support stakeholders in preparing for this disruptive technology.

Publications from Cristin

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MAROFF-2-Maritim virksomhet og offsh-2