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Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Prosjektet går ut på å invitere forskere fra norske eller utenlandske universiteter til å presentere sin forskning om økonomi og klima ved Handelshøyskolen ved Universitetet i Stavanger (HHUiS).

Dette skjer i form av et seminar som vanligvis finner sted en gang i uken. En kjent forsker fra et annet universitet kommer til Stavanger og holder et 60-minutters seminar og har en rekke møter med forskere i Stavanger. Vi prøver å ha minst 6-8 møter per gjest. I tillegg spiser gjesten lunsj og middag med UiS-ansatte.

Disse seminarene er en del av en eksisterende seminarserie som også tar for seg andre klimaspørsmål. En stor del av seminarene er imidlertid fokusert på klimaendringer og økonomi, og det er kun til disse seminarene vi søker midler.

En aktiv seminarrekke er hjertet i et forskningsuniversitet, og svært viktig for at forskerne ved universitetet skal kunne utvikle seg og være en aktiv del av det globale forskningsmiljøet. Dessverre må vi av budsjettmessige årsaker kutte ned på denne aktiviteten i år og fremover, og derfor sender vi denne søknaden for å be om midler til denne aktiviteten.

UiS har et meget energisk forskerteam innen økonomi og klima. For eksempel ble Dora Simons forskning nylig nevnt i The Economist, Anders Åkermans forskning ble denne uken nevnt av Det hvite hus i den amerikanske presidentens årlige økonomiske rapport, og Torfinn Harding skriver jevnlig artikler i Dagens Næringsliv og opptrer på norsk TV. For at denne gruppen skal overleve, er det svært viktig å kunne arrangere seminarer om klimaendringer på høyeste internasjonale nivå.

Seminarer med internasjonale forskere om økonomi og klima ved Universitetet i Stavanger

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Potetskrell, et biprodukt fra industriproduksjon av potet (pommes frites, flak, chips mm.) er en råstoff ressurs som kan bli bedre utnyttet til nye formål. Skrellet er nemlig en rik kilde på antioksidanter, stoffer som planter naturlig har i seg for å beskytte mot skadelige UV-stråler og reaktive forbindelser som oksygen radikaler. Antioksidanter behøver vi også å tilsette i matvarer for å beskytte og ta vare på umettet fett så det ikke blir harskt og vondt i kontakt med luft. I dag brukes flere ulike syntetiske stoffer i matvarer for å hindre oksidasjon av fett og oljer. Men det er reist bekymring rundt sikkerheten for bruken av dem. Matvareindustrien, myndigheter og forbruker ønsker derfor å fjerne flere syntetiske antioksidanter og erstatte dem med naturlig alternativer. Det er imidlertid svært få slike produkter som er godkjent og tilgjengelig på markedet. Prosjektet Peel Preserve, som har et klart bærekraft mål, skal vise om et uttrekk av antioksidanter laget på industrielt potetskrell råstoff kan fungere som konserveringsmiddel og erstatte noen av de stoffene som brukes i dag. Tre næringsmiddelbedrifter skal teste potetskrell-ekstraktet i noen av sine produkter og utføre både interne og eksterne analyser på effekten. Men en viktig forutsetning for at potetantioksidant kan tas i bruk som nytt tilsetningsstoff i mat er at det blir godkjent av den Europeiske matsikkerhets myndigheten (EFSA) og gitt et E-nummer. Prosjektet skal igangsette denne lengre flertrinns godkjennings prosessen. Parallelt skal det utvikles en forretningsmodell og nødvendig beskyttelse rundt teknologien. Dersom industrien etter testingen av potetantioksidanten, vurderer denne som er god erstatning til konkurransedyktig pris, og en EFSA-godkjenning kan oppnås på sikt, åpner det for å kommersialisere et naturlig plante-basert produkt til beste for forbruker og for miljøet. Bak prosjektet Peel Preserve står Høgskolen i Innlandet i samarbeid med Nofima og Klosser Innovasjon.

Preserving foods with potato peels: Industry-relevant validation and first regulatory assessment of a new natural antioxidant

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

RETRACE-prosjektet, som strekker seg over tre år, tar for seg den økende trusselen fra naturkatastrofer, som har rammet over 2,3 milliarder mennesker siden 2000-tallet. RETRACE fokuserer på lokalsamfunn i Arktis og Stillehavsområdet, som marquisene i Fransk Polynesia, samene og kvenene i Norge og ahtnaene i Alaska, og har som mål å styrke motstandskraften mot klimarisiko. Disse lokalsamfunnene, som er dypt sammenvevd med omgivelsene sine, gir uvurderlig innsikt i hvordan man overlever og trives i en krevende miljøsituasjon.

RETRACE tar utgangspunkt i hypotesen om at urfolks- og lokalkunnskapssystemer, særlig fra lokalsamfunn i polar- og stillehavsområdene, er uunnværlige for å utvikle effektive strategier for motstandskraft. Prosjektets metode innebærer å samle inn et rikt datasett som omfatter vitnesbyrd, kulturelle praksiser og levde erfaringer, i tillegg til kvantitative analyser. Målet er å skape et omfattende rammeverk som tar hensyn til lokale kontekster og fremmer tilpasningsdyktige og inkluderende resilienspraksiser.

Et internasjonalt forskerteam fra Frankrike, Norge og USA samler en rekke ulike ferdigheter for å bygge bro mellom vitenskapelig forskning og virkeligheten i lokalsamfunnene. Målet er å utvikle et romlig beslutningsstøttesystem som både bidrar til å visualisere resiliensdata og fungerer som et verktøy for samfunnsbasert beslutningstaking, noe som forbedrer evnen til å håndtere risiko og utnytte tradisjonell kunnskap på en effektiv måte.

Ved å kombinere lokal innsikt med vitenskapelig innovasjon skal RETRACE bane vei for resiliensstrategier som både er bærekraftige og tar hensyn til de unike behovene til sårbare lokalsamfunn. Dette prosjektet setter ikke bare søkelyset på urfolks- og lokalkunnskapens avgjørende rolle når det gjelder å håndtere klimaendringene, men har også som mål å sette lokalsamfunn over hele verden i stand til å håndtere de utfordringene som et klima i endring fører med seg.

The three-year RETRACE project responds to the increasing impact of natural disasters on over 2.3 billion people since the beginning of the millennium. It has a particular focus on Arctic and Pacific communities vulnerable to climate risks, specifically, the Marquesan community in French Polynesia, the Sámi and Kven communities in Norway, and the Ahtna people in Alaska. The project aims to address the resilience(s) of communities, in order to develop more inclusive and equitable approaches to developing and implementing resilience strategies.

Five hypotheses guide the research, based on the assumption that indigenous communities such as the ones living in Polar zones and Pacific islands, developed resilience knowledge and strategies to cope with climate-related events. The project aims to co-develop a spatial decision-support system for producing and visualizing qualitative and quantitative data on the different forms of local, community, intrinsic and traditional resiliences in those communities.

Utilizing a narrative approach, the consortium collects testimonials, cultures, memories, experiences, sensitivities and expertise from both Arctic and Pacific communities on forms of resilience and their visions of climate risks, alongside quantitative open-source data from traditional assessments. This data will be cross-referenced to build an interdisciplinary framework for a nuanced understanding of local needs, suitable to assess resilience in local contexts. 

Comprising researchers from France, Norway and the USA with diverse expertise, the consortium aims to contribute in developing risk management and resilience strategies by integrating local and indigenous knowledge into an adaptable and sustainable spatial decision-making tool. The tool aims to bridge the gap between international scientific research and local community realities, potentially informing strategies in other vulnerable territories in the future.

ResilienceS to climate risks: lessons from Arctic and Pacific communities

SASCHA har som mål å utvikle praktiske verktøy og metoder for å vurdere og håndtere kulturminner når klimaendringer utgjør en risikofaktor. Prosjektet ledes av University College London (UCL), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Arizona State University (USA), NHAZCA (Italia) og North Carolina State University (USA) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), English Heritage Trust (Storbritannia) og Ventotene kommune (Italia) deltar i prosjektet som samarbeidspartnere. 

 Hovedmål for prosjektet:  
- Utvikling av indikatorer og målemetoder for måling av klimaendringers virkning på kulturarv. 
- Etablere metoder for å involvere relevante aktører i identifiseringen og målingen av disse virkningene. Metodene skal kunne tilpasses lokale forhold og kulturell kontekst. 
- Utvikle verktøy for å hjelpe beslutningstakere til å vurdere og anvende målinger på ulike nivåer. 
- Utforske utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til bruk av nye metoder for vurdering klimarelaterte risikofaktorer for kulturminner. 

Ved å oppnå disse målene skal SASCHA ruste lokalsamfunn og kulturminneforvaltningen til å bedre forstå og håndtere klimarisiko. I tillegg, gjennom samarbeid med organisasjoner som UNESCO og ICCROM, skal SASCHA bidra til globale diskusjoner om hvordan klimaproblematikken kan integreres i kulturminneforvaltningens praksis. Alt i alt vil SASCHA legge til rette for politikkutvikling og styrke kulturminneforvaltningen ved å tilby verktøy og metoder for å effektivt vurdere, tolke og formidle klimarisiko for kulturarvsteder over hele verden.

SASCHA proposes operationalisation for transferable risk assessment and a value-based decision support tool. Supported by this approach, the overarching aim of SASCHA is therefore to develop innovative methods for understanding risks of climate change for heritage that allow for multiscale analysis and scalable approaches, bridging the gaps between local knowledge and global data, and from local vulnerability to global risks. To this end, SASCHA will: a) develop a set of operationalised indicators/metrics for relevant determinants of climate change; b) develop a locally adaptable protocol for stakeholders' engagement in the identification of relevant determinants of climate impacts that acknowledge and celebrate diversity in cultural contexts; c) develop a climate adaptation decision support tool to evaluate relevance of assessment approaches for different spatial scales; d) explore the challenges and opportunities of an operationalisation approach to climate change--heritage risk. Addressing a complex, wide and research-intensive subject, SASCHA unfolds several organisational, scientific, technical, technological and cultural heritage-oriented elements. SASCHA includes four research partners, together bringing significant experience in climate change and heritage and requisite expertise in physical sciences (UCL), social sciences and humanities (NIKU, NCSU/ASU) and technology (NHAZCA). The consortium can significantly contribute to safeguarding and protecting their region's coastal heritage but also to the global discussion of the integration of climate impacts assessment on cultural heritage through the close collaboration with UNESCO's Advisory body, ICCROM and case study stakeholders. SASCHA will develop methods for assessing, interpreting, and communicating climate change risks for heritage, while also supporting effective policy development and heritage management.

Multiscale approaches and scalability within climate change-heritage risk assessments

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

Midlene fra ISPHUM-ISP - Humaniora fordelt på år

Midlene fra ISPHUM-ISP - Humaniora fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra ISPHUM-ISP - Humaniora fordelt på fagområde

Daglig leder

Forskningssabbat ved Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo

Efficient water electrolysis is a requirement for a transition to a hydrogen-based energy system. Therefore, comprehensive efforts are directed towards potential reductions in the capital costs and an increase in the energy efficiency of PEM water electrolysers for production of hydrogen from renewable electricity.

This project deals with water electrolysis with proton-conducting membranes. Due to the acidic conditions in these membranes the oxygen evolution reaction at the anode is slow and requires use of expensive and scarce materials for electrocatalysts which will hamper the use of this otherwise efficient technology. Thus, the project supports the introduction of new concepts in the development of highly active electrocatalysts for PEM electrolysers expected to lead to up to 75% reduction of the use of platinum group metals compared to the state of the art PEM electrolysers.

The project draws on recent experimental and theoretical progress to solve this problem by designing and implementing catalyst architectures of ultra-high catalyst utilization. Work performed at NTNU and LEPMI indicates that significant reduction in the amount of for example iridium used in PEM water electrolysis catalysts can be achieved in segregated structures without loss of performance.

The project thus pursues the use of wet-chemical synthesis techniques, to achieve improved catalyst architectures such as MOx@IrO2 core@shell catalysts based on iridium oxide shells and a conducting oxide cores. This will be combined with advanced characterization techniques for verification of the structures as well as their implementation in electrolysis cells. In particular will the Project benefit from the new Norwegian Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Centre and an experimental rig for in-situ characterisation of catalyst degradation at LEPMI.

Core@shell and Nanosegregated Crystallites for Low-temperature Water Electrolysis

Sea ice extent and the frequency of harmful algal blooms, which  may even become more toxic, will be affected by the ongoing gradual increase of the global temperature. Reduced sea ice as well as more frequent toxic blooms will have an impact on local communities, ecosystem services as well as industries (e.g. fisheries). To understand the underlying processes and mechanisms regulating sea ice and toxic blooms, it is essential to document the past variability of sea ice extent and harmful algal blooms.

The collaboration between Uni Research and Ifremer is dedicated to develop, improve and promote environmental ancient DNA as a next generation tool for specifically investigating the dynamics and past variability of sea ice and harmful algal blooms. The new and innovative method of environmental ancient DNA has comparable challenges for both - seemingly unrelated - sea ice and harmful algal bloom reconstructions. These challenges will be tackled through the proposed collaboration and provide essential new insights into the processes operating in a globally warmer world.

Developing ancient DNA as a proxy for tracing past sea ice variability and harmful algal bloom dynamics

In today's complex environment, surveillance, patrolling and area assessment activities in coastal and maritime environments are becoming ubiquitous. The explosive growth and the consequent cost reduction of electronic devices have led to affordable unmanned aerial, surface and maritime vehicles. Coupling these trends leads to teams of autonomous vehicles or, more general, to multi-agent formations which, cooperatively and autonomously, manage a task unsuited for direct human control (due to danger, cost effectiveness, operating conditions and the like). 

This mobility project's scope is to 
implement and test various cooperative control algorithms in a laboratory setting on 
teams of unmanned aerial and surface vehicles (UAVs and USVs)
with the specific objective of
structural inspection of certain areas or structures by optimally,
minimizing various specific costs (e.g., the total length flown by the UAV, the time spent in order to cover the whole object, fuel consumption and the like)
under realistic circumstances.

Structural inspection motion planning using cooperative autonomous robots

The prevalence of cancer is expected to increase. Thus, the need
for effective anti-cancer therapy is increasing. The progression of aggressive cancer occurs via angiogenesis and metastasis making these processes important targets for the development of anti-cancer drugs. However, recent studies have raised the concern that selective inhibition of angiogenesis  results in a switch towards increased tumour growth and cell spreading. Annexin A2 plays a role in the development of a number of different cancers and chemotherapy resistance. Moreover, it is often regarded as a marker for aggressive cancer types, consequently emerging as a promising target for anti-cancer therapy. Annexin A2, a multifunctional protein, is involved in several processes associated with cell migration such as angiogenesis and metastasis. Furthermore, Annexin A2 plays a role in the transport and translation of specific mRNAs, such as its cognate mRNA. Since Annexin A2 is involved in both angiogenesis and metastasis it may provide an ideal target for simultaneous inhibition of both processes. Also, increased plasma levels of Annexin A2 have also been associated with stimulation of the immune system and therefore also related to immune therapy of cancer. Thus, it is of great interest to obtain a compound that may increase the expression of Annexin A2 only temporarily. Prohibitins interact with Annexin A2 and the activities of the multifunctional prohibitins are regulated by flavaglines, which are natural compounds. These compounds relieve the resistance to cancer chemotherapies and display a strong cytotoxicity that is specific to cancer cells. Prof. Désaubry in France is an expert on prohibitins and flavaglines, as well as other prohibitin ligands while Prof. Vedeler in Norway is an expert on Annexin A2 including its mRNA-binding properties.By joining efforts, we aim at modulating the expression and/or activity of Annexin A2 by using the prohibitins and flavaglines.

Modulators of the Synthesis and Activity of Annexin A2

Associations between fetal and the first months of life exposure to environmental factors and long-term health and chronic diseases have been established. For more thorough investigation several big birth cohorts have been established worldwide. In Norway the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) has included pregnant women from 1999 to 2009 and in France The EDEN study included pregnant women from 2003 to 2006 and the Elfe cohort from 2011.  Aim of the cohorts is to investigate factors that can cause or prevent diseases both early and later in life and by finding casual effects being able to take preventative steps.    
One of the main sources of exposure to chemicals during fetal and early life is through food intake. Exposures to several contaminants present in food, like PCBs, perfluorinated compounds and acrylamide have been associated with growth in utero and/or during early postnatal life and impaired cognitive development. So far most evaluations have been performed with single contaminants however, studies that evaluate potential cumulative effects and interactions between multiple contaminants and have been called for in nutritional, toxicological and child health research fields. It is therefore necessary to also consider exposure to chemicals associated in mixtures. Furthermore, differential associations between prenatal and early postnatal exposure and postnatal outcomes have been described but rarely within the same study, preventing to study cumulative or opposing effects
The main objective of this project will be to explore different models for assessments of dietary exposure to mixtures of contaminants. For the MoBa dietary group this will be undertaken in collaboration with one research groups at Inserm, France. Both research groups are working with large cohort studies and both groups have experience with assessments of food contaminants.

Pre- and postnatal exposure to a mixture of dietary contaminants and child development.

In the modern world, around 40% of all energy is consumed in buildings. The energy needs tend to increase together with the standards of living and can thus be expected to further increase in the future. Smart windows that adjust the light transmission have the potential to combat this trend. By use of smart windows one can regulate the transport of light and heat through the window, e.g. reduce the transmission on hot days while still keeping a clear view on cold days or when the sun is not shining. This kind of windows can reduce the demand for energy for heating, cooling and lightning in modern buildings. The proposal is related to establishing scientific collaboration on the above topic between International leading Institutions in France and Norway with subsequent project developments for EU Institutions. Research focus of the proposal will be related to fabrication of a photochromic demonstrator device, preliminary testing and characterization of the device both realistic usage conditions and accelerated ageing, study of stability with respect to environmental conditions such as humidity and thermal variations, identify the market potential of the devices and perform a cost analysis. The project will enhance French-Norwegian collaboration by exchange visits, sharing of infrastructure and equipment, exchange of ideas and competence on advanced chromogenic materials. The possibility of dissemination by inviting a session at E-MRS will be discussed. The project presents good balance between genders as well as early stage and experienced scientists. This is multidisciplinary project that combine the complementary expertise of the research partners in materials scientists, smart windows, physics, chemistry, and modeling. The project will help to keep Norway and France at the forefront of new developments in smart window research, which in the future will lead to joint EU project developments, high impact publications and business opportunities.

Materials research for chromogenic device applications

Nowadays, software systems are leveraging upon an aggregation of dedicated solutions, which leads to the design of large scale, distributed, dynamic systems. The need to evolve and update such systems after delivery is often inevitable, for example, due to changes in the requirements, maintenance, or needs for advancing the quality of services such as scalability and performances.
Dynamically adaptive systems (DAS) have emerged to cope with this challenge by enabling the continuous design and adaptation of complex software systems. DAS facilitates handling short-term changes in the execution environment as well as long-term changes in the system requirements. In order to facilitate reasoning, simulation and enactment of adaptation actions, DAS typically rely on a runtime model that provides an abstract representation of the running system. These models are often based on a predefined and fixed set of concepts that describe the current system?s hardware infrastructure and services. However, with the recent advances in the miniaturization of computer hardware, these infrastructures and services can dynamically evolve due to arbitrary node mobility or failures.  An interesting challenge is thus to provide support for the dynamic modification of these runtime models on the basis of the appearance or disappearance of devices and services. A particular focus will be given to the integration of such new devices and services within the runtime model on the basis of their similarities at a semantic level (e.g., a newly accessible smartphone can be integrated and considered as a display within the runtime model).

The intention of this AURORA project is to combine ours experience and tooling in the design of DAS (SINTEF) and in dynamic discovery (I3S), and to transform them it into a pivot to co-organise our research efforts based on our pre-existing results and thus to build a sustainable collaboration focusing on addressing the research challenge previously described.

DynAdapt

This Aurora application will focus on Humanitarian Logistics. Answering to the calls for more multi-disciplinary and empirically grounded research, the research centres at CIEM and in Albi bring together their individual competences to build up a collaboration dedicated to Humanitarian Logistcs together with the IFRC. 
The project entails three phases:
(1) Theoretical research and analyses and concept (2015)
(2) Field research (2016)
(i) Develop the list of objectives and problem modelling
(ii) Real-time in-field data collection
(iii) Validation with end users
(3) Analysis of the model results and final validation (2017)
The achieved research results will be published at international forums such as refereed conferences (2015-2017) AND journals (2016/2017) and finally in the form of a PhD dissertation (2017). The AURORA funding will be particularly useful to support the execution of Step 2 that will need knows, and know-how of both University of Agder and Mines Albi to succeed. 
This research program has established for the period 2015-2017 in a partnership with the Global Logistics Service (GLS) Americas, based at Panama. GLS is the humanitarian logistic services provider of the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC, www.ifrc.org/what-we-do/logistics/). -	First, this partnership allows mutualizing efforts to study the whole problematic of HSC by studying both upstream and downstream parts of the supply chain. To do such a study two complementary PhD resources were needed and such collaboration allows sharing the associated costs. 
The partnership between UiA and Albi will allow mutualizing efforts to study the whole problematic of HSC by studying both upstream and downstream parts of the supply chain. To do such a study two complementary PhD resources were needed and such collaboration allows sharing the associated costs.
In addition, the two partners will aim at submitting a joint H2020 proposal in 2016.

Humanitarian Logistics Performance

In several systems in the Earths crust, fluids are self-produced inside a rock (dehydration of sediments in the subduction channel, migration of hydrocarbon from a source rock) and escape by creating their own paths. This is a process of reaction-induced fracturing. Primary migration i.e. the transport of hydrocarbon fluids from very low permeability source rocks in which they are generated to more permeable reservoirs or to the surface is an example of both economic and fundamental interest. 
To evaluate the exploration prospect of partly mature shale plays, an understanding of naturally created fracture networks properties such as crack geometry, fracture density, connectivity between cracks and reservoir permeability is needed. To predict evolution of natural hydraulic fractures generated by a fluid created within a low permeability rock, physical models with analogue materials are used. 
During their PhD, Dr. Kobchenko and Dr. Zanella developed independently two different experimental approaches to model hydraulic fracturing in analogue media. In this project we use our expertise to develop a new experimental setup, which will better simulate natural hydraulic fracturing. The main objectives are to investigate the geometries of fracturing in anisotropic and low-permeability materials producing an internal fluid (liquid/gas). The set-up will include: homogeneous fluid/gas production, elastic host analogue to simulate fractures, transparency of the setup to follow the process in-situ, using new analogue materials for the host to simulate heterogeneity and anisotropy of the reservoir rock. In this proposed project, the combination of both, physical and geological approaches is essential for the understanding the reaction-induced fracturing within low permeability porous isotropic and anisotropic materials.

ISPHUM-ISP - Humaniora

Forskningssabbat ved Arkitektur- og designhøgskolen i Oslo

Awarded: NOK 0.35 mill.

Funding scheme:

ISPHUM-ISP - Humaniora

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics