CARIN_PT investigated socially just transitions towards greater uptake of public transport (PT), and proposed solutions for building more inclusive urban environments. The project focused on three interrelated themes: how people practice and experience PT and the built environment; how decision-making processes shape just outcomes; and how inclusivity can be enhanced in transition pathways. Central questions included:
• Distribution – who benefits from the transition?
• Recognition – whose needs are acknowledged in planning and evaluation?
• Procedure – who participates in decision-making, and how?
Adopting a dual perspective on households and urban policy, CARIN_PT examined inequalities in needs, capabilities, accessibility, everyday mobility, and decision-making power in the interplay between PT and the built environment. Through co-production with policymakers and mobility service providers, the project seeks to strengthen both sustainability and accessibility in transition processes. Case studies were conducted in Tallinn (Estonia), Flemish cities (Belgium), Stockholm (Sweden), and Oslo (Norway).
Ultimately, CARIN_PT aimed to transform how PT policies and services are designed, implemented, and delivered at the urban scale—ensuring that transition pathways are not only accelerated, but also genuinely inclusive.
The project applied a mixed-methods design, combining quantitative and qualitative assessments. By linking spatial data, travel behavior, preferences, urban planning agreements, and policy-packaging, CARIN_PT evaluated both the acceptability and effectiveness of different measures. This includes identifying how various social groups experience opportunities and constraints, and how these insights can inform the design of inclusive interventions.
A further focus was placed on the process of integrating such measures into existing city-networks, with particular attention to governance, coordination, and stakeholder engagement. In sum, the project has produced knowledge on:
• PT practices and user experiences,
• Effectiveness of interventions from a built environment and policy perspective,
• Distributional impacts across groups, considering needs, attitudes, and political processes.
CARIN_PT kartlagte hvordan man kan oppnå sosialt-inkluderende overganger til økt kollektivtransportbruk (KTb). Prosjektet har foreslått løsninger for å oppnå inkluderende endringsprosesser i urbane regioner. CARIN_PT analyserte måten folk benytter/opplever KT, og hvordan beslutningsprosesser slår ut for sosial inkludering. CARIN_PT også undersøkte hvem som tjener på overgangen, hvem sine behov inngår i evalueringsprosessen (annerkjennelse), samt hvem som er med på å ta beslutninger og deres tilnærming. CARIN_PT benyttet et delt perspektiv som tar for seg husholdningene, areal- og byutvikling. Prosjektet vil undersøke ulikhetene i husholdningenes KT-relaterte behov, evner, beslutningsgrunnlag, og tilgjengelighet. Det var også gjennomført et arbeid i å innhente tilbakemeldinger fra relevante interessenter, hvor disse vil utgjøre en kunnskaps-base for hvordan en inkluderende overgang kan bidra til å styrke planleggingsprosessene tilknyttet både bærekraft og tilgjengelighet. Gjennom tett samarbeid med beslutningstakerne og mobilitetstilbydere, prosjektet evaluerte effektene av ulike scenarier for økt KTb. Som en del av denne prosessen, det bli sett på forskjellige kombinasjoner av løsninger, heriblant tradisjonell KT og nye løsninger. Som grunnlag for analysene prosjektet studere Tallinn, Flemish byer, Stockholm og Oslo.
Prosjektet benyttet en kombinasjon av kvalitative og kvantitative metoder som knyttet sammen geografi, reiseadferd, preferanser og arealplaner. Gjennom å knytte sammen disse forholdene prosjektet bidratt gjennom å identifisere hvilke tiltak som vil muliggjøre en mest mulig inkluderende overgang. Prosjektet også adresserte prosessen med å ta i bruk KT-tiltakene inn i by-nettverket. Samlet sett prosjektet har tatt for seg det følgende:
-KTb og erfaringer,
-Effektiviteten av tiltak fra et strategisk perspektiv,
-Mulige effekter på tvers av forskjellige grupper gitt innbyggernes behov, holdninger og politiske prosesser.
Public transport (PT) is an essential urban infrastructure. Attempts to accelerate PT uptake are based on accruing environmental benefits and enhancing economic viability. It remains unclear how socially just these attempts and their outcomes are in terms of who benefits (distribution), whose needs are considered (recognition), who decides and how (participation). The close relationship between the built environment and uptake of PT is poorly understood. The proposed research will advance capacity building and inclusive transitions on the urban scale through a dual perspective on PT and built environment. It will examine inequalities in terms of needs, capabilities, decision-making and accessibility. It will also analyse how and to what extent PT and built environment policies take distribution, participation and recognition dimensions into account. It will co-produce understandings on how urban planning goals regarding resilience can be strengthened through inclusive processes. In close collaboration with policy-makers and service providers, the project will consider micromobility, fare structures, flexible on-demand PT and transit-oriented development (TOD) in the urban regions of Tallinn (Estonia), the Flemish cities (Belgium), Stockholm (Sweden) and Oslo (Norway). The project aims to bring about a shift in how mobility policies and services are developed, implemented and delivered so that urban built environments and PT become integrated and inclusive.
