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HAVBASERT-HAVBASERT

Utvikling av fôringsstrategier for torsk for bedre produksjon og fiskehelse

Alternative title: Development of feeding strategies for cod to improve production and fish health

Awarded: NOK 9.8 mill.

Project Number:

337056

Project Period:

2022 - 2026

Funding received from:

Organisation:

Subject Fields:

The project aims to develop a species-specific feeding concept for cod that considers the fish's environmental response, eating behavior, and nutritional potential. It will contribute to more profitable and sustainable production through improved fish health, more efficient feed utilization, and increased control of sexual maturation. The innovation consists of new feeding methods and a more optimized feed for cod. The final innovation is an underwater feeding concept and a diet that reduces feeding stress and intestinal disorders related to feeding. The four work packages in the project are: 1) mapping of intestinal health status and possible underlying causes of intestinal disorders in commercial cod farming, 2) testing underwater feeding as a method for better fish welfare and production optimization, 3) testing crab meal as a feed ingredient, and 4) verification and adaptation of research results in commercial cod farming. Trials with underwater feeding on a commercial scale are ongoing, and full-scale experiments testing feed with crab meal will start in the fall of 2024. Analyses of intestinal health in farmed cod have been conducted, describing in detail for the first time a condition called "strangulating obstruction." This remains the leading cause of death in cod farming, where part of the intestine becomes trapped under fibrous bands in the mesentery, leading to blockage of blood supply and intestinal passage. The analyses also showed that farmed cod have longer intestines and more extensive mesentery compared to wild cod, which may predispose them to this condition. Histological examinations also revealed that farmed cod have thinner intestinal walls than wild cod, especially in the circular muscle layer. Possible causes of the condition may be related to production conditions, feeding strategies, feed composition, and genetics. Additionally, controlled experiments have been conducted with shell meal from marine raw materials (crab and shrimp) that can be used as ingredients in cod feed. A group fed a commercial cod diet was compared with groups fed diets containing 15% crab shell meal or 10% shrimp shell meal. No significant differences were found in growth or feed intake, but there was a tendency towards a higher feed conversion ratio in cod fed shrimp shell meal. No clear effects of the diet on mortality, nutrient levels in blood, bile salt levels in the intestine, or intestinal structure were observed. Crab shell meal showed somewhat higher amino acid digestibility compared to shrimp shell meal and control. Further growth experiments, especially on larger cod, are recommended to study the effect of different inclusion levels of shell meal on cod feed intake, growth, and health.

Den overordnede ideen er å utvikle et artsspesifikt fôringskonsept for torsk som tar hensyn til torskens miljørespons-, spiseadferd og ernæringsmessige potensiale, som vil bidra til mer lønnsom og bærekraftig produksjon gjennom bedre fiskehelse, mer effektivt fôrforbruk og økt kontroll med kjønnsmodning. Innovasjonen utgjøre nye metoder for utfôring og endret sammensetning av fôret. I dag skjer all fôring av torsk ved overflatefôring, og med et fôr som ikke er optimalisert i forhold til bærekraft og bruk av råvarer som torsk har spesiell evne til å utnytte. Den endelige innovasjonen er et konsept for undervannsfôring som reduserer torskens behov for vertikalvandring, og dermed risiko for tarmslyng og stress. I tillegg forventes redusert påvirkning fra ugunstige temperaturfluktuasjoner, som gir mer optimale vekstbetingelser, og reduserer eksponeringen for naturlig lys, og gir dermed mer effektiv lysstyring og mindre kjønnsmodning. I konseptet inngår bruk av fôr med økt askeinnhold i form av tilsatt krabbemel, som forventes å ha positiv effekt på tarmhelse og fôropptak. Aktivitetene er fordelt på fire hovedaktiviteter; kartlegging av tarmhelse og mulige bakenforliggende årsaker til tarmslyng, uttesting av undervannsfôring for bedre fiskevelferd og produksjonsoptimalisering, uttesting av krabbemel som fôrråstoff, og verifisering og tilpasning av forskningsrsultatene i kommersiell produksjon.

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Funding scheme:

HAVBASERT-HAVBASERT