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Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Per- og polyfluorerte stoffer (PFAS) er en stor gruppe menneskeskapte kjemikalier med høyt fluorinnhold som antas å ha negative helseeffekter. Kilder til PFAS kan være produksjon av vann-, varme- og flekkbestandige produkter og disse kjemikaliene er en del av hverdagen vår. PFAS påvirkning av biologiske systemer er ikke fullstendig forstått. Noen PFAS er antatt å øke risikoen for å utvikling av ikke-alkoholisk fettleversykdom (NAFLD) og øke risikoen for diabetes. 

For å forstå hvordan PFAS påvirker organene våre ønsker vi å bruke små laboratoriedyrkede organmodeller, kalt organoider. Disse miniatyrorganene kan dyrkes fra menneskelige stamceller og tilbyr et kontrollert miljø for å studere hvordan PFAS påvirker f.eks lever og bukspyttkjertelen vår, uten bruk av dyreforsøk.

For å studere helseeffekter må vi kunne måle nivået av biomolekyler som fettstoffer i leveren og hormoner i bukspyttkjertelen. Til dette trenger vi å utvikle analytiske verktøy for å måle effektene. Først vil vi bekrefte at når leverorganoidene eksponeres for enkelte PFAS-forbindelser utvikles det NAFLD-lignende sykdom ved å sammenligne den biokjemiske profilen (proteiner og metabolitter) til organoider av lever med PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Deretter vil vi utvide den analytiske verktøykassen for å undersøke hvilke metabolske veier som påvirkes, og om effekten er den samme i NAFLD-induserte og PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Vi vil også eksponere insulinproduserende bukspyttkjertelorganoider for PFAS for å undersøke effekten av PFAS på hormonproduksjon. Når effektene av PFAS-eksponering på lever- og bukspyttkjertel-organoider er etablert, vil organoidene bli samkultivert i en chip, og effektene av PFAS-eksponering vil bli undersøkt og sammenlignet med individuelle organoider.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 1 diabetes. HE-POP aims to investigate the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), a type of POPs), on organ function in a controlled environment.

Organoids are multicellular laboratory-grown miniature organs, that are grown from stem cells. HE-POP will use organoids to examine how PFAS affects our organs and develop cutting-edge bioanalytical tools and methodology to measure these effects using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HE-POP hypothesizes that PFAS negatively affects organ function, as evidenced by changes in hormone and lipid levels characteristic of NAFLD and type 1 diabetes. 

Organoids offer a controlled environment to study the effects of PFAS on the liver and pancreas, without the use of animal models. HE-POP aims to gain evidence of the negative effects of PFAS on organ function through controlled experiments on organoids and aid in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and type 1 diabetes.

HE-POP has fundaments in UN sustainable development goals, specifically #3, #12, and #14/15, seeking an understanding of diseases with worldwide prevalence, and understanding how POPs affect our life and surroundings and help enable the right regulatory actions and replacement chemicals.

HE-POP: Studying the Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Using Mass Spectrometry, Organoids, and Organ-On-A-Chip

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

InART is recognized as one of the main conference series in the field of Heritage Science and since its first edition in 2013 (Evora, Portugal) it mainly focused on the contribution of natural sciences to the field. A major change occurred after the COVID-19 pandemic, when a greater number of researchers from different branches of heritage science participated in InART 2022 (Paris, France). 
InART is an open platform for knowledge-sharing among professionals in the field of Heritage Science, including conservation.
These aspects are covered by the main conference topics:
•	Development of new tools (devices, technology, software, etc.), advanced data analysis and FAIR data management
•	Development and/or implementation of new methods and routines (diagnostic and conservation) for the understanding of heritage materials, techniques, and degradation processes (chemical, physical and biological)
•	Development, testing (includes mechanical testing), and characterization of new materials for conservation (special attention to green conservation treatments)
•	Application of non-invasive/non-destructive techniques
•	Preventive conservation: environmental monitoring techniques and climate/microclimate effects on the conservation of heritage sites and exposed objects.

Heritage science is a highly multidisciplinary research field. Consequently, topics covered during the InArt2024 conference can be approached from different points of view and the conference aims to merge natural sciences and conservation, providing a dynamic space for active interaction, scientific exchange, and debates on the central issues of heritage science research. InART2024 welcomes contributors from diverse fields to join and create an interdisciplinary discussion about cultural heritage conservation within the fields of archaeological objects, artworks, built heritage, etc.

6th International Conference on Innovation in Art Research and Technology

Applied Biocatalysis is the development through science and engineering of useful biological catalysts and their commercial applications. The BNCM 2024 conference has an intention to gather approx. 100 international and national scientists from academia and industry in addition to PhD students from the international community. BNCM 2024 will be the 7th in this series of meetings with attendees from both academia and industry presenting and discussing the newest research in enzyme catalysed reactions in other media than water. The conference series was started in 1986 by professors Hans Tramper and Urs von Stockar, University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, and has later been chaired in Russia, Italy and Germany before Elisabeth Jacobsen at NTNU was give the honor of chairing the conference.  Collaboration in biocatalysis research has been supported by EU Frameworks as three subsequent COST actions. The first action, COST Action D25 "Applied Biocatalysis. Stereoselective and environmentally friendly reactions catalysed by enzymes " (2001-2007) was initiated and chaired by professor Thorleif Anthonsen, NTNU, the founder of the Biocatalysis Group at NTNU, which the project leader of this conference now chair. The strategy of applied biocatalysis fits well under the definitions of white biotechnology and Sustainable chemistry (Suschem) and fits also well with the EU Green Deal Strategy.

7th International Conference on Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media

End-to-End Green House Gas (GHG) Monitoring Service

Sustainable cultivation of polychaetes as feed in aquaculture

InterNASH - An intercellular-pathway therapeutic for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på år

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FORNY20-FORNY2020 fordelt på fagområde

Forskningsdirektør

Prosjektet er et felles-prosjekt mellom fire samarbeidspartnere: NIBIO, NMBU, Ard Innovation og Validé.  

Hovedmålet med prosjektet er å videreutvikle den gode modellen miljøene har, der økt idéinnhenting og økning av innovasjonskompetanse i institusjonene og tidligfase ideutvikling frem mot søknader om Kvalifiserings- og Verifiseringsmidler i Forskningsrådets kommersialiseringsprogram vil være av hovedvekt. 

Midlene vil derfor i hovedsak gå til å videreføre og oppskalere det arbeidet Ard Innovation allerede gjør for begge institusjoner, i tillegg til at deler av denne finansieringen vil kunne brukes på å kjøpe inn spisskompetanse der dette trengs.

Tidligfase teknologioverføring ved NMBU og NIBIO

My project aims to study the topic of the political integration of migrants, and is focussed on the Italian collectivity in London and Peterborough. My research problem tackles the concepts of ethnic community, social capital, political opportunity struct ure and transnationalism and analyses their effect on the political interest and participation of Italians in London and Peterborough. 
The aim of my study will be to try to answer the following questions: 
1) Is it possible to talk of an Italian 'communi ty' in the UK or is it better to use just the word 'collectivity'? 
2) Does a shared Italian identity still exist among Italians in the UK and how does it affect their social life? 
3) How much do ethnicity and ethnic social capital count in explaining th e political behaviour of Italians in the UK? 
4) How does the local opportunity structure influence the political participation of Italians in the UK?
5) How are the interest in homeland politics and the participation in UK politics linked?
In order to re ach these goals, I am going to use a mixed methods approach: in the first stage of my research, I will conduct open interviews with 'highly active immigrants' and representatives of Italian institutions and organizations, that will provide me with an insi ght into the social and community life of the Italian collectivity. The second phase is a survey study based on a structured questionnaire, that will help me to understand which factors influence the political integration of migrants. Finally, during the  last phase of my research, I will conduct open interviews with a small group of people from the previous sample: these interviews, together with participant observation, will provide me with an insight into the experience and determinants of Italian migra tion to the UK.
The data will be analysed using both qualitative and quantitative methods and linking them to the theories of political participation, social capital and political participation of migrants.

The political integration of migrants: a study of the Italian collectivity in London and Peterborough.

Cell walls are the major component of a plant tissue which significantly influence on textural properties of fruit and vegetables. Geometrical dimensions of parenchyma cells are very small what makes impossible studying their properties in a natural state . An alternative is creating a model cell walls consisting of polysaccharides which imitates natural walls. As a model material polysaccharides network based on the bacterial cellulose supplemented with xyloglucan and pectin is proposed. 
So far no studie s have been devoted to the effect of various factors on the mechanical properties of model cell walls based on the bacterial cellulose. Calcium influences on the texture of the tissue by stabilization of the microstructure of cell walls. An influence of c alcium ions on plant tissue is well documented in macro-scale but there is still little information about Ca2+ effect on the nanostructure of cell walls. For that reason the aim of this research is to estimate the effect of calcium ions on the nanostructu re of the natural and model cell walls. 
The experiment is planned in order to compare calcium effect on model plant cell walls with natural cell walls isolated from apple tissue. At first model and natural plant cell wall materials will be prepared in th e Institute of Agrophysics in Lublin, Poland. The samples ready to AFM nanostructure observations will be delivered to the Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim. The AFM experiments will be carried out based on experience develo ped in this laboratory. 
The anticipated scientific benefit from this project is determination of calcium ions effect on the nanostructure of the natural and model cell walls.  Researches on this scope have not been carried out yet on the nanostructural l evel. Quantitative description of the nanostructure changes after the calcium treatment may give also useful information for scientific and industrial postharvest technology groups.

Surface topography nanostructure of model and natural plant cell wall assemblies

This proposal is for a research stay of a PhD student under YGGDRASIL mobility program announced by Research Council of Norway.The stay is for 7 months starting from 1 February 2010. The candidate, Mr. Ananth Subramanian is pursuing PhD (3rd Year) at the  Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC), University of Southampton (UoS) on "Planar Lightwave Circuits Based on Tantalum Pentoxide (Ta2O5) Waveguides".There is a long-standing collaboration between Dr. Olav Gaute Hellesø at University of Tromsø (UiT) and Pr of. James S. Wilkinson at ORC.Mr. Subramanian has worked with the design, optimization and fabrication of high-index Ta2O5 waveguides for lasing applications. In collaboration with Dr. Balpreet Ahluwalia (Post-Doc, UiT) he has applied Ta2O5 waveguides for  propelling micro-particles at higher speeds than previously reported.During his stay, the waveguides will be used for trapping and propulsion of nanoparticles.Here we propose to use the Ta2O5 waveguides with counter-propagating beams to hold nanoparticle s with nanometre precision. The present state-of-art for nanoparticles trapping on top of waveguide is limited to 1D propelling.We aim to form standing evanescent wave on top of waveguides to trap nanoparticles in 2D.Different designs of waveguides- rib,  strip and slot waveguides will be fabricated in ORC and optical propulsion experiments will be carried at UiT.Propulsion of nanoparticles might be a step towards an "ink-jet printer" for nanoparticles. Dr. Hellesø is cooperating with the Department of Mol ecular Biotechnology in Tromsø.This allows easy access to liver cells.The aim of the cooperation is to develop new ways to look at the liver.This will be an important step in that direction by combining the Ta2O5 waveguides from ORC with the optical propu lsion experience in Dr. Hellesø's group.The propulsion of cells in addition to the nanoparticles will be combined with Raman-spectroscopy, which might give new information about the structures of the liver cells.

High Index Contrast Tantalum Pentoxide Waveguides for Optical Propulsion

Oxidative stress is an important risk factor in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases, including atherosclerosis and cancer. Accordingly, dietary and medicinal intervention decreasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) exposition became a hot field of research . Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa E.), belonging to the Rosaceae family, has received much attention in this regard, owing to its high antioxidative potency attributed to poliphenolic compounds, mainly anthocyanins (pigments accounting for the dark blue and ev en black colour of fruits). The high content of anthocyanins is also found in blueberry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea). This fruit is not as well-known as aronia, however, it is proving to be a hot item for nutritionists, survivalists, and potential grow ers.
The aim of this proposal is to compare different aronia and blueberry honeysuckle products (for example fresh fruits from different sources, juices, jams, jellies) in relation to their biological activity in cell culture model systems. The samples wi ll be tested for their cytotoxic effects in different cell lines (lymphocytes and H9c2 cardiac cells). The cells will be also submitted to oxidative stress by hydrogen peroxide and the protection offered by aronia and blueberry honeysuckle products will b e determined at the level of cytotoxicity. The genotoxicity research will also include assessment of protective effects against hydrogen peroxide. In these experiments, both lymphocytes and H9c2 cardiac cells will be treated with hydrogen peroxide in the  presence or absence of aronia and blueberry honeysuckle samples. The DNA damage will be measured by comet assay.
The proposed experiments will provide deeper insight as regards the potential health benefits of food products based on aronia and blueberry h oneysuckle.

The biological properties of phytocomplex in different aronia (Aronia melanocarpa E.) and blueberry honeysuckle (Lonicera caerulea) products

In the present research I would like to focus on the changes of the Norwegian folkloristics and ethnology in the 1960s and in the last 15-20 years. The Hungarian ethnologists mention about the Norwegian and Scandinavian changes of ethnology as a successfu l process, in which the classic disciplines of nation-building found their new place and role in academic fields and social environment after a deep reform. During my research stay I would like to look over the challenges (both in science, social context  and higher education) that influenced the new ways of ethnology and the changes that occurred in it, in order to find out how the traditional ethnographic fields have turned into cultural studies (Kulturvitenskap).
During the renewal of the Hungarian ethn ography the Scandinavian changes have been seen as models for this process as the Scandinavian ethnology applied the new paradigms of anthropology in various fields like historical anthropology, economic anthropology, and ethnicity and so on, showing that  even a culturally and socially embedded discipline can reinvent itself.
In my research beside a general view of the changes (challenges and answers) I would focus on the following new topics that have emerged in the Hungarian ethnology too in the next 15 -20 years as a result of the cultural and social changes: 
Traditional topics in the new discipline
Historical perspective and the new points of view offered by history
Cultural heritage and the process of patrimonialization
Tourism and ethnology ? the in vention of the rural and remote as a Skanzen.
The aim of this project is to study the changes of ethnology and folkloristics at the University of Bergen, were these two disciplines - along with cultural heritage studies - merged into cultural studies. The  second aim is to formulate some conclusions that can be used by Hungarian ethnologists, and to establish new academic cooperation between research communities facilitating further exchanges.

Ways of change - shifts in Norwegian ethnology and its lessons for Hungarian ethnologists

The main objective of the project is to identify new trade channels for the Italian and Norwegian business which produce food goods. To do that, the study will be conducted in empirical way, using as methodology of study the customer satisfaction analysis . The research will involve  the Department of Economics and Resource Management of the Norwegian  University of Life Sciences of As, where the study will be done. Together will submit to the customers a questionnaire, to understand their availability to  consume and include in their diary food consumption, Italian typical food product.

New markets for Italian and Norwegian food products

Sustainable design is steadily becoming a well-known concept within the field of product innovation. Several drivers such as depletion of resources, rising prices of raw materials, etc. make the awareness for sustainability issues rise within governments,  the market and businesses. Firms that develop, produce and commercialise innovative products have a prominent role in the incorporation of sustainability in the product development process. In order to implement sustainability criteria in industrial desi gn, several tools and methods are available. However, literature has described a gap between the theoretical foundations of sustainable design and the industrial implementation thereof. 

Recent research has observed and identified several success factors  and obstacles for this type of integration process. Only few studies emphasise the importance of these human aspects in sustainable design. However, in adjacent fields such as change management, this 'human side' of the integration process is considered  as an important issue. Considering the aim to assure an acceptable success rate of this sort of implementation processes, scientific knowledge from this adjoining discipline can offer new insights on the subject. 

In this doctoral research project, the i nfluence of the human factors on the implementation of sustainable design criteria in product innovation businesses is the subject of study. As a result of a literature review and preliminary interviews, a theoretical model is proposed that combines knowl edge from industrial design, sustainability and change management. This model will be verified by performing multiple case studies. 

Next to gathering more profound insights on the integration process of sustainable design criteria, this research may ult imately lead to prescriptive insights for successful implementation of sustainable design criteria and offer practical guidelines to firms that are in an initial stage of such a challenging process.

The Human Side of Sustainable Design from the Perspective of Change Management

Design and testing drug delivery systems using biodegradable and bio compatible colloidal carriers made of functionalized gold/polymeric nanoparticles (GNPs) are the vectors of this project. The concept prove will be tested in therapy strategies for cance r and Alzheimer's disease. The project will include the study of functionalized GNPs as photodynamic therapy (PDT) sensitizers being preferentially localized in target tissue, followed by exposure to UV/VIS/IR light or ionizing radiation. The main objecti ve is to develop nanoparticles that increase radiation absorption in diseased areas and minimize damage to normal surrounding tissues. Such enhancement of radiation will benefit cancer patients by decreasing radiation dose and reducing side-effects. Secon dary objectives include i) investigating radiosensitizing potential of coated nanoparticles, ii) combination of nanoparticle-enhanced radiotherapy with the novel drug anti cancer drug/conjugates iii) inhibition of amyloid aggregation by nanoparticles and  radiation and iv) inhibitory role of amyloid beta-protein in tumor cell proliferation. The project will contribute to advancing promising delivery systems that can be activated remotely by sensitizing them for light/radiation, and that could prove versati le enough for application to other diseases.
The experimental plan:
i)Nanoparticle surface functionalization and system characterization ((PEG)-beta-sheet breaker peptide conjugate, anti-oxidants and porphyrins);ii)Interaction mechanism of GNPs with amylo id beta-peptide (Abeta) fibrils;iii) The ability for semiconductor GNPs and their bioconjugates to generate active forms of oxygen for application in PDT;iv)Assess cell uptake and cytotoxicity of nanoparticles in vitro.
Our approach is oriented to overcom e two major problems reported: i) short half-life time and the difficulty of bioactive molecules to penetrate cancer tissues or to cross the brain blood barrier; ii) invasive damages on healthy tissues by radiation.

Functionalized gold nanoparticles with biomolecules for cancer therapy and neurodegenerative diseases

The question 'What is magic?' has received highly ambiguous answers in the academic discourse over the last one and a half centuries. Many different definitions and theories have been suggested, but none was immune against critiques. Thus, increasingly ra dical, deconstructionist positions on 'magic' have been brought forward in the last decades, leading to the abandonment of the term in a number of recent works on central concepts in religious studies. Nevertheless, there is an ongoing debate on 'magic' e specially in historical and philological disciplines that continue to perceive the term as being appropriate to analyze certain source material. The current interdisciplinary discourse on 'magic' therefore appears in a highly diverse and pluralistic shape , that has not been investigated in a thorough manner, yet. The project hence intends a survey on the academic debate on 'magic' especially concentrating on younger developments in religious studies and adjacent disciplines. A major goal is a detailed ove rview of the scholarly discourse in the last decades including the attempt to generate interdisciplinary cross-links between the usually rather isolated perspectives in historical and philological disciplines and religious studies. As a research outcome,  the project shall lead to a number of articles, especially addressing the problem of conceptual incoherency and lack of collaboration among recent scholars of 'magic' in different disciplines, which will be submitted to international journals. Additionall y, the project is accompanied with the composition of an annotated reader, edited by Prof. Dr. Michael Stausberg, Bergen, and myself, which is commissioned for the book series 'Critical Categories in the Study of Religion' (Equinox Series).

The academic discourse on 'magic' - a review about an ongoing controversy

Second language acquisition (SLA) is a wide and interesting field of research, to which many scholars have contributed under different theoretical frameworks, both for adult SLA and early SLA. The theoretical framework to which I refer in my work is that  of generative grammar and my research project concerns adult SLA of Finnish and Italian.
A native speaker of a certain language has set the language-specific parameters very early and in an unconscious way. On the other hand, the acquisition of a second l anguage in adulthood involves the presence of an L1 to which the speaker can refer to and, in the majority of cases, a conscious intention of learning the target language. The process of second language acquisition goes through different stages ending wit h the correct configuration of the language parameters in the target language. The grammar that emerges in these different stages of SLA is defined as interlanguage grammar and the main aim of studying it is to have a better and deeper understanding of la nguage structures and of the underlying processes of second language acqusition.
Until now, I have been conducting various linguistic tests on adult second language acquisition and I have collected interesting data from Italian and Finnish observing subje ct-verb orders in answers, object drop, the use of clitic pronouns, and the use of null/explicit subjects as Finnish is non pro-drop only for 3rd person.
It would be relevant to extend this kind of linguistic experiment in second language acquisition to N orwegian. The YGGDRASIL grant will give me this research opportunity enriching thus the set of previously collected data from native speakers (Italian, English, German, French, and now Finnish) and it will permit me to conclude the analysis of the observe d phenomenons from a comparative view in a high-level research centre.

Second Language Acquisition and parameters (re)setting

Polyphenols are plant secondary metabolites widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They display a large variety of activities and are notably involved in plant defense against pathogens. These molecules are also implicated in fruits and vegetables quali ty, by contributing to colour and taste and by showing in vitro antioxidant and anticarcinogenic effects assumed to participate to the health value of food. A strong international interest relies in an optimization of polyphenols contents in marketable pl ants in order to (i) increase food quality (aspect, taste and nutritional value) and to (ii) enhance natural plant defense that lower the use of chemicals for crop protection. The fact that polyphenols are strongly influenced by the plant environment impl ies that modulating plant growth conditions could be an "easy way" to enhance their content in plant. Previous research conducted by the Norwegian and the French partners indicate that low nitrogen availability increases polyphenol content in tomato leave s and fruits. As nitrogen is essential for plant growth, new crop methods regarding nitrogen fertilization should be developed to enable high polyphenolic content and sustain growth of the plant.
The objective of the project is to determine the impact of  short but successive nitrogen starvations on plant growth and polyphenols accumulation in leaves and fruits of tomato. The complementary skills developed by the two partners (from ecopysiology to molecular biology) will enable a very integrative study enc ompassing plant growth analyses and polyphenols biosynthetic pathway activity (enzymatic activities, gene expression of key genes). 
This project truly addresses questions of general interest for basic research regarding plant growth regulation and regula tion of metabolic pathway by environmental factors, and also short-term applied research by addressing important issues for greenhouse crop producers such as plant defense, product quality and yield optimization.

Impact of successive short starvations of nitrogen nutrition on plant fitness and polyphenol metabolism of tomato

Developing agricultural foreign trade receives an increasing attention in Egyptian economic policy, while the country has recently placed emphasis on export development by enacting the Egyptian exports development strategy and the agricultural development  strategy for up to 2017. Generally, the economic reasoning for these policies is founded on the export-led growth hypothesis, through partnerships and free trade agreements, which suggests that exports contribute to economic growth. In connection, underl ines the importance of China as a promising trading partner to Egypt. In terms of China and Egypt trade relations,  the trade volume reached US$2.145 billion, in 2008, of which China's exports to Egypt were US$1.934 billion and imports from Egypt US$211 m illion. As for the two-way trade, Egypt was ranked China's fifth largest trading partner in Africa, 2008, while in terms of largest African importing market from china, Egypt ranked the third. The objectives of this project are; to fill the void of the li terature in this area; to analyze the current situation of Egyptian agricultural foreign trade; to use an econometric model to determine the factors influencing the demand for Egyptian exports in the international markets; to assess the competitive advant age of the Egyptian major exports in the international markets; to explore the Egypt-China bilateral trade and potential of promoting Egyptian exports to China; to determine the reasons behind the modest performance of Egyptian exports in the Chinese mark et; and to identify key steps that Egypt might take to improve its foreign trade performance and to enhance the access of its agricultural exports into Chinese market. The anticipated application potential of the project findings is to conclude some polic y recommendations improve the performance of Egyptian foreign trade and its trade with China. The outputs of the project will be disseminated through publication in a relevant scientific journal.

Modeling the Egyptian Agricultural Foreign Trade: With Special Emphasis on the Egyptian Chinese Bilateral Trade

It is something of a commonplace to say that a great part of Joseph Conrad's fictions are told by contemplative 'first-person' narrators, many of whom produce recognisably oral narratives to a listener or a group of listeners. It is also well-known that i n a smaller but important part of his works, Conrad makes use of apparently 'third-person' narrators, many of whom would also seem to deserve the traditional label 'omniscient'. However, when one takes a careful look at Conrad's oeuvre, the division of hi s works into such crude narrative categories becomes untenable. In fact, many of his fictions hover uncertainly between 'first-person' and 'third-person' narration, while there also seems to be a unifying principle underlying all his works: the personal v oice. Most readers who are familiar with Conrad's oeuvre would no doubt confirm that the voice we hear when reading a Conrad text is a recognizably human or personal one, and this is true even if the narrator of the text in question does not appear as a c haracter in the world of the story. Yet to pin down the personal voice analytically or to offer a convincing interpretation of it is as difficult as it is easy to notice it. Unsurprisingly, the significance of the personal voice as a textual principle has  suffered from comparative neglect. In my project, I suggest it is time to recognise the personal voice as deeply significant in Conrad's oeuvre for all its technical as well as thematic relevance, and because an awareness of it inevitably makes us better  readers of Conrad. It is partly through the personal voice that Conrad's fiction dramatises the importance of narrating as a fundamental human capability and explores how we construct our identities by telling ourselves stories about our own lives. Durin g my stay in Trondheim, I will be assisted in my research by Professor Jeremy Hawthorn, who is an internationally recognised authority on Conrad as well as narrative theory.

The Personal Voice in Joseph Conrad's Fiction

The project looks at Russian world market integration from the angle of its biggest energy corporations. It investigates oil and gas majors such as Gazprom, Rosneft or LUKoil and their strategies on a global scale. The project focuses on their domesticall y generated capabilities and at their utilization at differently structured markets along the production chain. Specifically, it wants to clarify the nature of these companies, as it is disputed whether they act according to an economic logic or are subje ct to political interests of the Kremlin. The biggest challenge lies in researching the institutional boundaries of these corporations, i.e. in assessing the level of differentiation between state and economic actors. This shall be accomplished by investi gating personal networks that span across political, administrative and economic spheres as well as by analysing the moves of these actors in case studies. To account for global strategies, the acquisition strategies and the organisation of the production  chain will be researched.
The project hopes to establish a clearer picture of the interests and strategies of these corporations and their convergence or divergence with the interests of political and state actors. By providing a new and empirically grou nded assessment of Russian energy corporations the findings will have high policy relevance and may be useful for European business as well.

"Russia" as Global Economic Actor: Capabilities and Strategies of Energy Multinationals

One of the most remarkable features of Russian phonetic word is so-called prosodic nucleus uniting stressed and 1st prestressed syllables in contrast to all other unstressed syllables. Our intention is to conduct a research of Russian prosodic nucleus in  two directions. First, to give a phonological description of prosodic nucleus in Russian dialects by means of contemporary phonological theory (Optimality Theory and Cognitive Phonology); second, to examine the pitch contour of prosodic nucleus in Russian  against Norwegian.

Investigating word prosody in Russian: phonological and tonal aspects

Numerous soils worldwide act as a sink for contaminant inputs from urban and industrial activity including waste water discharge as well as from the atmosphere, all of which result in severe contamination. Remaining soil legacy pollution containing persis tent organic pollutants and heavy metals presents a significant environmental problem. Remediation via removing and subsequently treating or disposing of contaminated soils is costly and as such alternative treatments that can reduce the risk of contamina nts in soils without the need of large scale energy-intensive, soil removal and treatment processes should be sought.

The overall aim of the "Active materials for the insitu stabilisation of contaminated soil" project being carried out at the Norwegian G eotechnical Institute in collaboration with one Norwegian research partner (Bioforsk) and four international partners, is to develop a methodology for the chemical stabilisation of contaminated soil through the addition of small amounts of actively sorbin g materials which will address the above need.

Soil provides a relatively unexplored media for testing sorbent amendment techniques. It remains a considerable challenge to homogeneously add and mix sorbents to contaminated sites. Aging effects such as so rbent degradation and associated contaminant release have the potential to reduce amendment efficiency.  

It is anticipated that the project will provide an ecologically, politically and economically sustainable recovery for contaminated soils, by making  dangerous and toxic pollutants nonavailable to organisms and plants by binding them very strongly to sorbents, thus reducing the risk of pollutant spreading. Overall dissemination of project results is expected to reach regulators, educators, the wider s cientific community and industry through organised workshops, seminars and publications.

Active materials for the in-situ stabilisation of contaminated soil

The research is part of both my PhD project and the PLACE (Public Libraries as Arenas for Citizenship) project which is hosted by Oslo University College. My PhD dissertation explores the possible implications of the application of the semantic web techno logies in libraries. 
The PLACE project aims at investigating the possibility of developing public libraries in multicultural local communities into arenas 
(1) that are experienced as relevant for all groups 
(2) that can function as meeting places in th e community promoting social capital 
(3) that fosters the critical mass of cross-cultural communication necessary for democratic processes.
PLACE project enters to its final phase by 2010 when the collected huge amount of data should be processed.
The ma in goal of my stay in Norway is to work on a common article based on the results of PLACE research project.
While the general goal of the project is to investigate the libraries? possible roles in providing meeting places to the public, I will contribute  in a specific field concerning virtual meeting places.
The independence of geography and space in the lives people live in a digital world becomes more and more important. The library is simultaneously a physical meeting place in the community and a porta l to the web. Public libraries have invested resources in giving its users access to the Internet and also developing web-based meeting places. In my project I aim at utilising this in order to study the interplay between digital arenas and physical meeti ng places.
The expected results of the project are: 
- common article with Norwegian colleagues;
- a part of my PhD dissertation;
- conference papers;
- further research cooperation.

The library as a virtual meeting place

The primary objective of the project is to investigate the theoretical compatibility of the nanosyntax approach to generative grammar in terms of the current neurolinguistic analyses of aphasia based on generative frameworks. 

The secondary objective is  to devise a set of cross-linguistic diagnostic tools pertaining to task methodology and task variation in order to provide theoretical and methodological basis for further cross linguistic analysis of aphasia and possibly other related speech impairments. 

Critical R&D challenges include the development of effective language production and comprehension tasks, which are finely tuned to test specific theory internal predictions pertaining to grammatical structures and morphological processes. Another chall enge is to create the tasks for a wide range of languages to facilitate cross linguistic comparisons. Hence, international cooperation is crucial for the accomplishment of the project.   

The long term benefits of the project should pertain not only to ( neuro)linguistics, but also to the field of public health care. The linguistic side includes contribution to the advancement of the theory of language as well as to the understanding of the complex mechanisms operating in the human brain. The possible ben efits for health care include refining the tratment and rehabilitations methods for patients suffering from language disorders.

Nanosyntax in the neurolinguistic analysis of aphasia: theoretical compatibility and possible diagnostic tools.

My dissertation analyses the construction of indigeneity in Kholodnaia Evenki village located in Severobaikalskii district in the Republic of Buriatiia in Russia. The aim of my PhD dissertation is to analyse how the "life projects" of the local population  coexisted with various development projects, which took place in the North Baikal region. The project of the native village appeared to be on the intersection of various projects. It implied a need in the creation of new stationary structures both in the  village and in the forest. However, it can not be examined as the opposition of sedentary way of life to nomadic. Rather the lifestyle of the locals included both the features of "nomadic" and "sedentary" life. Evenki villages continue to be temporary de stinations for many hunters and reindeer herders nowadays. The purpose of my project is to show how local identities are formed within people?s engagement in activities linked to the landscape, which includes both the village and the forest. During the 20 th century the Evenki population changed from taiga dwelling to dwelling in villages. The main purpose of this project is to deconstruct the process of how locals became village dwellers and to analyse how the Siberian "native Evenki" dwellers' use of spa ce changed in the context of industrial development projects. The aim of my work is to study the process of how local people became connected to the globalised landscape through the use of the village space and the infrastructure and how the village becam e the point people constantly return to. It is very often said that locals inhabit a cultural landscape. However the village also can be described as a cultural landscape. An important part of this project is the argument that there is no substantive diff erence between these two notions, as the local population inhabits both the village and the cultural landscape surrounding it.

Appropriation of Landscapes and Resource Management in the Evenki Native Village in the North Baikal

The project of my dissertation is based upon material I gathered in native Evenki villages in North Baikal, Republic of Buriatia, Russia. I spent one year (2007-2008) doing my fieldwork among the local population mostly in Kholodnaia village in the North  Baikal area. I also spent five months doing archival research in St. Petersburg, Irkutsk, Ulan-Ude. My interest in doing fieldwork at this place was stimulated by several reasons. This village is inhabited by fishers, hunters and reindeer herders who need  to occupy a large territory in order to survive in modern economical and social conditions. Also, the village has 'indigenous' position and represents its status in political field. At the same time, discussions on ecological situation around Lake Baikal , industrial development and indigenous affairs take place there. 
	The focus of my research interest is on local changes of interpretations of subsistent practices and time organization in the post-Soviet Evenki village under post-Soviet conditions.    
 	I will describe how social changes of post-Soviet Russia impacted ecological changes and which concepts of further regional development local population have. The local practices of subsistence and time organization are related. I will question local und erstanding of the forest law, divisions between 'legality' and 'illegality' and how cultural references are used by locals in daily activity. Time structure is also represented in so-called 'dead places' which are the ruins of the former Soviet regime: fo rmer taiga settlements, former industrial buildings and territories. Local population gave new life to 'dead places' and inspired them by new meanings. I will illustrate how people interpret the past. Local history is deeply individualized and I aim to sh ow how locals resituate discursive history and trigger versions of local history. I will describe how social processes of remembering and forgetting shape local identity, where the use of time is central.

Time and Practie in the Evenki Native Village in the North Baikal

My thesis analyses the construction of Alutiiq indigenous identity in the villages of Chenega Bay and Tatitlek, Prince William Sound, Alaska. I argue that Alutiiq identity is based upon ties to the land and kinship which are actively fostered through the  practice of subsistence related activities. Adopting a phenomenological dwelling perspective, I build on previous studies undertaken within my region by showing how identity, subsistence and well-being are integral to one another and are embedded in the c ontexts of social relationships within the local environment. By examining the processes of hunting, fishing, gathering, food preparation, consumption and sharing, I explore how the Alutiiq perception and knowledge of the surrounding environment is embedd ed within contexts of relationships in practice and activity within the environment.

Secondly, I my thesis discusses the immediate and long-term environmental impacts of the 1989 Exxon Valdez oil spill, its perceived threat to cultural security and attem pts at cultural recovery from the disaster. I argue that these issues can be more deeply understood in relation to the notion of 'dwelling' compared to anaylses currently offered by anthropologists exploring the issues of cultural security and the continu ity in relation to the long-term environmental impacts of the oil spill by exploring the long-term impacts of the oil spill on subsistence practices and the Alutiiq relationship with the environment in relation to ideas of dislocation, re-adaptation, orie ntation, 'wayfinding' and sensory attunement.

Environmental change and cultural continuity: Alutiiq identity, subsistence practice and ways of knowing in a changing environment

This project consists of three intersecting elements which will examine, and lay the foundation for further research on, the interface between contemporary security concerns and ethics. The first component consists of a relatively discreet analysis of con temporary European security discourse, looking in particular at how notions of care and responsibility get articulated alongside notions of justice and rights when discussing Security issues. This research will use the debates between different European n ations (including Norway and the United Kingdom) over the current (ongoing) issue of taking-in former detainees from Guantanamo. This would fit well with (and form a chapter of) a book I am currently writing on Guantanamo, and so will contribute to my own  personal longer term development plans. The background to the work, in addition to appropriate secondary literature, would focus on debates in the General Affairs and External Relations Council (where discussion began on 26 January, see the Press Release  of the 2921st Council Meeting) and the Justice and Home Affairs Council of the EU. The second component of the programme will be the giving of two seminars at the host institution, PRIO, on areas PRIO is seeking to move towards - as set out in its curren t strategy documents - and which the applicant's home institution and working experience are well positioned to contribute to. Thirdly, on the basis of these seminars and the broader exchanges envisaged during the three month programme of work, the applic ant and the host supervisor will write a funding application for further collaborative work between QMUL and PRIO on a wider set of issues relating to those explored by the applicant in the research component of the programme. The proposed programme of wo rk fits will with both the current research plans and longer term strategic developments of both institutions, the applicant, and the host supervisor and offers a unique opportunity for further collaboration.

FORNY20-FORNY2020

Tidligfase teknologioverføring ved NMBU og NIBIO

Awarded: NOK 10.0 mill.

Summary

Funding scheme:

FORNY20-FORNY2020

Funding Sources

Thematic Areas and Topics