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In-Network Intelligence and Technologies

Over hele Europa er det tydelig at dagens jordbrukspraksis ikke lenger er bærekraftig, og at jordbrukssystemene må endres for å opprettholde matproduksjonen og samtidig ivareta det biologiske mangfoldet, økosystemene og de mange fordelene de gir samfunnet.

En løsning på dette er agroøkologi. Agroøkologisk jordbruk har til felles å utnytte naturlige økologiske prosesser for å gjøre jordbruk mer bærekraftig. Dessverre, til tross for mye forskning på agroøkologisk jordbrukspraksis, er bruken av dette svært begrenset i Europa.

I SAFER-prosjektet vil et stort team av europeiske forskere jobbe på tvers av et nettverk med seks 'levende laboratorier', det vil si at gårder i drift på tvers av Europa vil iverksette agroøkologisk praksis. Ved samarbeid på de involverte gårdene, vil bønder, forskere og andre interessenter sammen bidra til økt kunnskap om agroøkologi. Det vil gi mer kunnskap om de landbruksmessige, miljømessige og sosialøkologiske fordelene, samt de mulige avveiningene mellom ulike fordeler.  

Teamet fra Universitetet i Bergen, ledet av prof. Peter Manning, vil være en viktig bidragsyter i prosjektet. De skal oppskalere data fra prosjektet på felt- og gårdsnivå til hele landskap, og simulere endringer i gårdspraksis ved å bruke en kombinasjon av samfunnsvitenskap, fjernmåling og matematisk modellering. Dette vil gi prognoser for hvordan konsekvenser av landsbruksstrategier på landskapsnivå påvirker hele systemet, fra bønder til lokale interessenter. 

Sluttproduktet vil være detaljert kunnskap om hvordan ulike økologiske praksiser påvirker bønder, bygdesamfunn og om hvilke strategier som øker bærekraftig produksjon og flerfunksjonalitet i europeiske jordbrukslandskap. Ved aktiv involvering av bønder og andre interessenter gjennom hele forskningsprosessen, tar vi også sikte på å øke relevansen og bruken av de identifiserte løsningene.

Agroecology offers an opportunity to reconcile agricultural production with human well-being across Europe. However, despite significant evidence that agroecological farming reduces the environmental footprint of agriculture, agroecology is struggling to expand across Europe. This limited adoption emerges from a limited understanding of the cross-disciplinary impacts (agronomic, ecological, economic and social dimensions) of upscaling agroecological farming and recent social unrest following the deployment of agroecological policies indicates that there is an urgent need to address this issue. In addition, a major challenge for agroecology is that no single agroecological practice is suitable for all contexts. Instead, practices need to be targeted and adapted to local socio-ecological contexts, with a strong involvement of stakeholders. Addressing such challenge implies a paradigm shift towards co-design in research and innovation in agroecology.

SAFER will address these challenges by mobilizing a European network of 6 Living Labs distributed across contrasting regions and social-ecological systems, in a multidisciplinary approach. We will: (i) co-design best suited agroecological practices adapted to local social-ecological conditions via a participatory approach that actively involves stakeholders; (ii) quantify the multiple agronomical, environmental and socio-economic benefits and risks of scaling up these agroecological practices from the field to the landscape scale using a similar landscape-scale design across Living Labs; (iii) forecast the whole-system consequences of landscape-scale strategies for farmers and local stakeholders; (iv) identify how local policies, stakeholder demands and the Living Lab methodology can enhance or limit the expansion of agroecological practices

Work at UiB will concentrate on modelling work in (ii) and (iii) but will contribute to all aspects.

AGROECOL 1 SAFER Strengthening Agricultural landscape multiFunctionality through expansion of agroecological farming in EuRope (SAFER)

I møte med utfordringene ved en aldrende befolkning i Europa, utvikler dette prosjektet bærekraftige øyedråper basert på hydrogeler utvunnet fra plantebaserte forbindelser, for å motvirke aldersrelaterte forandringer i netthinnen.

De bio-baserte hydrogelene er utviklet for å fjerne skadelige avleiringer, redusere betennelsestilstander og forbedre oksygentilførselen til netthinnen – faktorer som er sentrale for å bevare synet og opprettholde cellenes energiomsetning.

I motsetning til eksisterende behandlinger benytter denne tilnærmingen miljøvennlige materialer og unngår invasive prosedyrer, noe som gir en tryggere og mer tilgjengelig løsning for personer med aldersrelaterte øyesykdommer.

Sustainable self-cleaning hydrogels in ophthalmology

Kunstig intelligens (KI) forandrer økonomien i rekordfart, men vi vet fortsatt ikke helt hvilke konsekvenser det vil få. Vil KI gi oss mer innovasjon, høyere produktivitet og økonomisk vekst? Eller vil det føre til færre jobber, økende ulikhet og mer makt til store selskaper? Politikken vil spille en avgjørende rolle i å styre utviklingen. Myndigheter står overfor et viktig spørsmål: hvordan kan vi sikre at KI gir flest mulig fordeler uten å skape store samfunnsproblemer? Skal politikken først og fremst fremme økonomisk vekst, eller bør den fokusere på å redusere ulikhet og risiko? Å finne riktig balanse er avgjørende, men vi har fortsatt ikke klare svar på hvordan dette kan gjøres best mulig. Dette prosjektet søker å gi svar ved å bruke en ny tilnærming. I stedet for å basere politikk på teori alene, bør vi lære av tidligere erfaringer. Ved å analysere hvordan tidligere KI-relaterte tiltak har påvirket bedrifter og samfunnet, kan vi utforme smartere og mer treffsikre løsninger. Målet er å utvikle politikk som gir størst mulig nytte for samfunnet – både nå og i fremtiden.

There is currently a vivid societal debate and nascent research about the economic effects of artificial intelligence (AI). Some expect to see positive impacts in terms of innovation, productivity and economic growth. Others point to possible economic harms such as technological unemployment, increasing market concentration and exacerbation of income inequalities. 

Public policies will have a crucial role to shape the direction and extent of these effects. However, it is still quite unclear what policies could do to foster the future economic benefits of AI, what they could do to avoid its possible harms, and how they could balance the positive and negative impacts. 

The present project will investigate the trade-off between growth and inequality effects of AI, and analyze how public policies for AI should be designed in order to take this trade-off into account. 

The key novel aspect of the project will be the application of the optimal policy learning (OPL) approach to the study of policies for AI. The main idea of this approach is that optimal policies should be designed by exploiting information about the effects of previous policies on the treated agents, in such a way that new policies will seek to maximize ex-ante the empirical welfare of the target population. In other words, the design of new policies is optimal because it is based upon, and it learns from, the effects of previous policies and the heterogenous characteristics of agents. 

To apply this approach to the study AI policies, the project will develop the following pillars: (1) a conceptual framework of firm heterogeneity and AI, which points out the main factors that affect firms’ adoption of AI and its effects; (2) empirical analysis of how AI and related policies affect different types of firms; (3) analysis of how different policies should be designed in order to maximize empirical welfare, and how these policies can address the trade-off between efficiency and equity effects of AI.

Artificial Intelligence: Growth, Inequalities and Public Policies

Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

Multidisciplinary Assessment of Crustacean Sentience

Crustacean sentience (the capacity of this group to experience emotions) has sparked a heated debate across multiple disciplines, particularly as it could impact several major sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture. The outdated argument that animals do not experience negative emotions (such as pain) because they lack conscience, has been proven wrong for vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g. octopus), but remains controversial for crustaceans. There is evidence of criteria consistent with the idea of pain, as crustaceans have and activate nociceptive pathways, but there is no evidence of the neural pathways integrating the responses nor the demonstration of the awareness thereafter. This is partly due to the ‘dispersed’  central nervous system (CNS) these animals present, with multiple ganglia, but no ‘brain’ as a focal point. To overcome this, MACS aims to apply new technology to measure 9 simultaneous nerve signals (8 ganglia and the heart) to fully understand the nociceptive pathways and how are they integrated in crustaceans’ CNS. This approach will tackle the principle of triangulation by (1) The development of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the nervous system of commercially important crustacean species; (2) the characterization of pain and stress through physiological and molecular animal-based indicators; and (3) the evaluation of behaviour and its neurological integration pathway.  As such, this multidisciplinary study will only be possible through a combination of my crustacean stress physiology background, my supervisor’s knowledge of the central nervous system anatomy, and my second supervisor's expertise in aquatic species' EEG. The outcome of this fellowship will range from CNS studies to validate current industrial practices (during a non-academic placement), to socio-economic impacts involving the society's concern for animal welfare. The knowledge and skills gained from this project will allow me to become an independent researcher.

Tørre øyne er en multifaktoriell betennelsessykdom karakterisert av en ustabil tårefilm, som oftest grunnet nedsatt kvalitet av tårefilmens ytre fettlag produsert av modifiserte talgkjertler i øyelokkene. Grunnet de mange underliggende årsakene til tørre øyne blir mange forskjellige behandlinger og behandlingskombinasjoner ofte brukt. Dette kan være både økonomisk krevende og slitsomt for pasienten. Dette prosjektet tar sikte på å strømlinjeforme, optimalisere og individualisere behandlingstilbudet til forskjellige undergrupper av tørre øyne basert på maskinlæring og prediksjonsmodeller.

Dry eye disease is a multifactorial disease characterized by inflammation, decreased tear production and/or tear film instability due to dysfunction of the lipid producing glands of the eyelids. As a result, a multimodal treatment approach is often initiated, addressing several pathological clinical signs and modifiable risk factors concomitantly. This is often time consuming, financially expensive and exhausting for the patient. Interpreting signs and symptoms of dry eye disease and making accurate predictions as to which patient will respond which treatment or combination of treatments difficult. With the current project we aim to improve clinical decision making by:
1. Through machine learning and prediction models delineate which group of patients are most likely to benefit from either IPL or cyclosporine in monotherapy, and which patients are most likely to require dual therapy.   	
2. Construct prediction model protocols to streamline and individualize IPL protocols based on prognostic factors and prediction analysis of treatment outcomes. This is especially applicable in relation to demodex eradication, as demodicosis remains fairly treatment refractory to date and is readily involved in the pathophysiology of MGD. Thus, it is of utmost interest to streamline the current treatment options and, hopefully, contribute to an expanded repertoire of efficacious eradication methods in the future. 
3. Contribute to the lack of standardized treatment regimes, recommendations and guidelines concerning IPL treatment. Evaluate the optimum number of treatments and treatment intervals as well as the need for concomitant heat mask and eyelid massage.

Clinical predictors of treatment response in dry eye disease

Prosjektets hovedmål er å forbedre kunnskapsgrunnlaget rundt ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, samt om og hvordan dette kan hjelpe aktører til å samarbeide bedre for å løse de små og store utfordringene samfunn står ovenfor i tiden fremover.

Prosessledelse kan defineres som ferdigheter i å lede mennesker gjennom prosesser mot felles mål på en måte som fremmer deltakelse, eierskap og kreativitet fra alle involverte. Styrkebasert vil si at man har tatt inspirasjon fra positiv psykologi i ledelsesutviklingen, fokuserer på hva som allerede fungerer og personlige styrker - der personlige styrker vil si noe en person har potensial til å bli god i, og samtidig får energi av. 
Prosjektet søker å utvikle kunnskapen rundt ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, om det har en målbar effekt på viktige psykologiske og organisatoriske faktorer, samt forutsetninger for mulig effekt. Det at flere og flere ledere, mellomledere, prosjektledere, koordinatorer, rådgivere og andre som utfører ledelse både med og uten personalansvar velger å investere i kompetanse innen styrkebasert prosessledelse gjør det desto mer relevant å lære mer om dette.

Det vil jobbes med å undersøke psykologiske og organisatoriske faktorer i team og organisasjoner til ledere som deltar på ledelsesutvikling - både før og etter. Det planlegges å sammenligne disse med ledere som ikke har fått trening. Prosjektet har tre studier: et som undersøker effekt og forutsetninger på individnivå, et på gruppenivå og et på organisasjonsnivå. Her undersøkes om lederes kompetanseheving fører til for eksempel økt jobbengasjement for teammedlemmene, økt psykologisk trygghet i teamet, eller bedre tverrfaglig samarbeid og resultater for organisasjonen.

Prosjektet forventes å ha direkte virkninger på endringer i kompetanse, atferd og praksis. Endringen i kompetanse kan endre atferd, som igjen kan føre til ny forbedret praksis med hvordan man samarbeider og skaper resultater og løsninger.

Formålet med prosjektet er å bedre hjelpe aktører der ute i det norske arbeidsliv til å samarbeide bedre for å løse de små og store utfordringene samfunnet vårt står ovenfor i tiden fremover. Måten dette prosjektet skal undersøke dette på er ved å utvide og utvikle kunnskapen rundt den potensielle effekten av ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse, samt hva som er forutsetningene for når dette eventuelt har en positiv effekt. 
Prosessledelse kan defineres som ferdigheter i å lede mennesker gjennom prosesser mot felles mål på en måte som fremmer deltakelse, eierskap og kreativitet fra alle involverte. Styrkebasert vil si at man har tatt inspirasjon fra positiv psykologi i ledelsesutviklingen, fokuserer på hva som allerede fungerer og personlige styrker. Personlige styrker vil si noe en person har potensial til å bli god i, og samtidig får energi av.
Dette er relevant i det norske samfunnet i dag både på grunn av de store utfordringene det norske samfunnet står ovenfor i tiden fremover. Det at flere og flere offentlige ledere, mellomledere, prosjektledere, koordinatorer eller andre med ledelse uten personalansvar velger å investere i kompetanse innen styrkebasert prosessledelse/fasilitering gjør det enda viktigere å lære mer om dette.

Ledelsesutvikling innen styrkebasert prosessledelse - potensielle effekter og nytte i norsk arbeidsliv

Kompass - a digital career development tool

TwinTarget ALS: Targeting microglia and as mast cells to revolutionise ALS Treatment

Midlene fra FOFORMIDLING-FOFORMIDLING fordelt på år

Midlene fra FOFORMIDLING-FOFORMIDLING fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FOFORMIDLING-FOFORMIDLING fordelt på fagområde

Prosjektleder

"SOS – Folk i beredskap" vil omhandle temaet trygghet på ulike fagområder, i samarbeid med Direktoratet for samfunnsforskning og beredskap (DSB), Nasjonal sikkerhetsmyndighet, Norges geologiske undersøkelse (NGU) og NTNU. Målgruppe: 300 voksne. Vi planlegger et tverrfaglig foredragsprogram: • DSB/Sivilforsvarets rolle i mindre og større hendelser og katastrofer • NGU: Klimaendringenes påvirkning for vår framtid • Forskning innenfor psykologi: Mental helse i en urolig verden – Hva gjør det med oss? • Samfunnssikkerhet: IT og personvern. Foredrag v/ Jørgen Dyrhaug v/Nasjonal sikkerhetsmyndighet.

SOS – Folk i beredskap

The manipulation of adsorption properties of catalysts and membranes in H2/CO mixtures has been targeted many researchers, and has relevance to natural gas conversion in general and hydrogen technology in particular. We recently discovered that the inhibi tion of hydrogen transport through PdAg membranes by carbon monoxide could be significantly reduced by heat treatment of the membrane in air. Analysis by fitting of experimental data and modelling showed that changes in CO an H2 heats of adsorption could  be part of the picture. Surface spectroscopy indicated that surface segregation phenomena could be involved, but more detailed investigations are needed to explain the effects. 

The overall objective of this research is therefore to understand how the re sponse of Pd alloy surfaces to carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide the in presence of hydrogen is affected by the structure and composition of the surface, and to eventually apply this knowledge into improved membranes, membrane reactors and catalysts. Thi s calls for an approach where advanced characterization techniques are used in conjunction with detailed calculations/modelling.

The project partners are the NTNU Departments of Chemical Engineering and Physics and SINTEF Materials and Chemistry, with th e University of Wisconsin-Madison as an international partner. The research will be conducted through one postdoctoral fellowship and one PhD project. Experimental investigations of binding energies, adsorption sites and surface species will be targeted t hrough a wide range of techniques available on campus. Both model systems (single crystals) and membrane samples surfaces (sputtered Pd alloy thin films) will be studied and compared. High intensity, X-ray range, tuneable synchrotron radiation will be uti lized for high resolution, surface sensitive photoelectron spectroscopy and diffraction experiments. Density functional theory calculations and microkinetic modelling will be performed to interpret the data.

Understanding catalytic effects in Pd alloy model systems and membranes through advanced characterization and modelling.

The Tilset group has made important contributions towards selective C-H activation and functionalization at platinum complexes in solution and, recently, in development of novel Pt-containing metal-organic frameworks that may be of interest for catalytic applications.
One drawback (this applies to homogeneous systems and even more so to heterogeneous MOF systems) of the Pt complexes studied so far is that C-H activation at Pt(II) complexes requires electrophilic activation of synthesized complexes, usuall y by protonolysis, to generate cationic C-H activating species.
In this project, we seek to avoid the need for electrophilic activation by designing new cyclometallated heteroaromatic ligand systems. These ligands are formally monoanionic and the C-H acti vating species will be neutral. Closely related ligands may be used for homogeneous studies and for MOF synthesis.
The approach of using monoanionic ligands will have positive consequences for the study of C-H activation in solution, and will significantl y aid our efforts towards constructing catalytically active MOFs.

C-H Activation reactions at neutral cyclometalated Pt complexes

Katalysesymposiet er Faggruppa for katalyse (Norsk kjemisk selskap) sitt viktigste arrangement. Faggruppas medlemmer er spredt over hele Norge, og samles bare til årsmøtet og katalysesymposiet som dermed får en viktig nasjonal faglig funksjon. Symposiet f ungerer tradisjonelt også som årsmøte for katalysedelen av forskningsprogrammet KOSK (Katalyse og Organisk Syntetisk Kjemi) i Norges Forskningsråd. 
Hovedhensiktene med symposiet er å vise bredden i norsk katalyseforskning, samt å gi yngre forskere en mul ighet til å fremvise og dikutere sine resultater. Årets symposium vil bli avholdt over to dager, 23. og 24. oktober i Forskningsparkens lokaler i Oslo. Årets inviterte plenarforedragsholder vil være Professor J. A. Moulijn fra det Tekniske Universitetet i  Delft, Nederland.


Norsk Katalysesymposium 23.-24. oktober 2007

The Tilset research group has recently developed the first members of a new class of chelating ligands, iminocarbenes, that form well-defined homogeneous Pd complexes with hemilabile, 5- and 6-membered, chelate structures. The use of these Pd complexes in  the catalytic transformation of organic molecules will be explored. In particular, reactions that involve C-C bond forming reactions will be explored, i.e. the so-called Heck, Stille, Suzuki, and Sonogashira couplings, as well as CO/ethene copolymerizati on. The results of the catalytic testing will be supplemented by mechanistic investigations. The combined insight gained will hopefully enable the design of even better catalysts.

Catalysis with Pd Complexes that have Chelating N-Heterocyclic Carbene Ligands

Synthesis gas can be produced by catalytic partial oxidation using gas phase oxygen. However, this process is facing some major engineering problems such as the presence of large temperature gradients and the risk of explosion caused by premixed methane a nd oxygen. An alternative approach is to carry out the partial oxidation by using lattice oxygen in a solid material, i.e. with no gas phase oxygen present. The present proposal deals with the studies of a reactor system where air and methane are periodic ally brought into contact with a catalyst consisting of convenient oxides such as perovskites or ceria based oxides. The redox process will be studied in a TEOM-MS reactor. The development of a microkinetic model based on the elementary steps of the surfa ce reactions is also an important part of the work.

Partial Oxidation of Methane. Studies on mechanism and kinetics.

Organisk Kjemisk Vintermøte 2007

This project will focus on the development of much needed novel inhibitors of the aspartic proteases related to HIV/AIDS and Alzheimers disease. In order to pursue these goals, the project seeks to establish a strong research group in medicinal chemistry at the Centre for Pharmacy at the University of Bergen. This research group will be lead by Dr. Bengt Erik Haug, and its establishement will be facilitated through national and international collaboration with highly esteemed scientist.

The project will involve chemical synthesis of novel compounds that have been designed based on known inhibitors of aspartic proteases. These compounds will be tested for their inhibiton of key enzymes that are known targets for the treatments of HIV/AIDS and Alzheimers d isease. Based on the results obtained, new sets of compounds will be prepared and tested.

We plan to use molecular modeling as an integrated part of the project to facilitate the design of new sets of inhibitor based on the structures of the target prote ases and identified inhibitors.
Co-crystallization of identified inhibitors with their respective protease targets for the purpose of  solving their three-dimensional structures using X-ray crystallographic methods will also be pursued.

Design and synthesis of novel aspartic protease inhibitors.

Production of synthesis gas (carbon monoxide and hydrogen) is a process of major importance for chemical upgrading of natural gas. In this process, a catalyst consisting of metal clusters supported on an oxide surface is used. The project's main challenge  will be to elucidate the role of strong metal/support interactions (SMSI) in the reforming of light alkanes on oxide-supported nickel catalysts. This is a demanding task, requiring the use of new methods. Specifically, we will use computational methods b ased on quantum chemical and band structure calculations. Of particular interest are the following questions:

A. Does CO2 preferentially chemisorb on the metal or the support?
B. What is the fate of CO2 immediately after chemisorption? Surface diffusion or dissociation or both?
C. Spillover: How may CO2 diffuse between metal and support? 
D. Reactions at the metal-support interface: Will CO2 simply spill over to the metal and then dissociate, or is CO2 dissociation facilitated at the metal-support interf ace?

Strong emphasis will be placed on the interface between metal and oxide; the diffusion of CO2 past the interface, and reactions taking place at the interface. Elucidation will be achieved by considering and comparing the reaction and activation ener gies for a number of different elementary steps. The results from the project will put us in a position to design better catalysts on a more rational basis.

Quantum chemical modelling of metal-support interactions in metal-based catalysts

The production of valuable chemicals via selective functionalization of saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons is a major challenge in the field of contemporary organometallic chemistry.  A particularly attractive substrate is methane which has previously  been successfully C-H bond activated by electrophilic late transition organometallics under harsh conditions.  Highly electron-deficient donor solvent-free metallocene complexes of the rare-earth elements were also shown to activate methane via non-oxida tive mechanisms (e.g., sigma bond methathesis).  Such activation scenarios were successfully exploited for catalytic (stereoselective) hydrosilylation reactions.  The goal of this project is to sound out the C-H bond activation capability of various rare- earth metal tetramethylaluminate complexes which have been recently synthesized in our group.  Main emphasis will be put on studying monocyclopentadienyl and postmetallocene derivatives with respect to in situ generation of reactive Ln-alkyl bonds and lab eling experiments.  Consideration is given to aliphatic, olefinic, and aromatic substrates including donor-functionalized molecules such as pyridine.

Rare-Earth Metal-Promoted C-H Bond Activation

Norsk katalysesymposium arrangeres i Trondheim 30.11. - 1.12.2009. Vertskap for arrangementet er katalysegruppa ved NTNU. Konferansen samler en stor andel av de som er aktive innen katalyse i Norge innen akademia og instituttsektoren, samt sentrale aktøre r fra industrien. Symposiumet fungerer også som samling for SFI-inGAP og som årsmøte for programmet KOSK-II.

Norsk katalysesymposium 2009

Telescope reactions:
Assume that a three-step reaction is to be optimised: Lay out a statistical design to map the first step. Run the experiments an determine the responses. The response matrix Y=[y1 y2 ....ur] summarises the results. A principal compone nt model will determine the number of independent events yielding Y, i.e. the number of independent reactions yielding the desired product and byproducts.  By fitting regression models to the PCA score vectors it is possible to identify those variables th at are necessary to control for favouring the desired reaction, and which variable to control to suppress the parasite reactions. The important variables from the first reaction step are now added as extra design variables for the next step. The outcome o f the first steps is the input for the second step, By perturbing teh variables of the first step we introduce variation of the input of the second step. The evaluation as depicted above will now reveal the important variable of the first two steps. The p rocedure in then iterated for the subsequent step. This will give quantitative models for multi-step reactions.

Orthogonal experiments:
With new synthetic reaction it is important to determine as early as possible if the reaction can be developed into a  new synthetic method. A new method for designing such explorative experiments is developed. The feature is that the search space defined by variable settings, interactions between variables can be explored by peeling of one dimension at a time of the sear ch space. The model space is factored by singular value decomposition (SVD) and the experiments that are most parallel to the singular vectors are selected. This yields a A-Optimal design. These principles are being tested with new reactions of synthons f rom small brominated unsaturated ketones.

Design and optimisation in organic synthesis:Optimisation of telscope reactions and methodologies base on orthogonal experiments

The 28th Organic Chemistry Winter Meeting

The main objective of the project is to enhance the understanding of deactivation of catalysts, with a specific focus on a microporous silicon substituted aluminiphosphate catalyst, SAPO-34, used especially for natural gas conversion. In order to obtain a  full description of local order, long range order and disorder in the catalyst material, a number of complementary characterization techniques will be used. We intend to follow the structural changes associated with irreversible deactivation processes. A n important element will be in-situ studies, where the catalyst is investigated under process conditions, or under e.g. severe hydrothermic conditions. We intend to obtain an understanding of the silicon distribution, agglomeration and desilification in t he catalyst, which is intimately linked to the catalytic activity.

In the first year (revised project) we intend to focus the attention on structural studies of the microporous material under deactivation (hydrothermic conditions) using in-situ synchrotr on X-ray powder diffrtaction. In addition we will study the changes in the structure of the catalyst when going from ambient conditions to simulated operating conditions.

Deactivation mechanisms for SAPO-34 MTO catalysts

Hydrogen production from natural gas with CO2 capture is of strategic importance in Norway. The project deals with a new technology using sorption enhanced reactions enabling to produce hydrogen form natural gas in one-step with CO2 capture. The multifunc tional reactor combines pre-reforming, metahne reforming, high temperature WGS, low temperature WGS and CO2 sorption process together in one-step. It is expected to significantly reduce investment costs and running cost, and thereby to achieve a cheep pro duction of hydrogen. The project aims at developing new active and stable catalysts suitable for sorption enhanced reactions, demonstrating relatively pure hydrogen production (>90%) with very low CO and CO2 using sorption enhanced reforming of natural ga s and sorption enhanced water gas shift reactions. The catalyst, integration between catalyst and sorbents, reaction conditions, sorbents regeneration and materials stability will be optimized to get maximum yield of hydrogen. Another objective is to gain  a better understanding of the reactions involved hydrogen production. Educating one Ph.D candidate and enhancement of national and international cooperation are expected results of the project.

Integrated process for hydrogen production with CO2 capture using sorption enhanced reactions

The Organic Winter Meeting is the national meeting in organic chemistry in Norway. It is a conference under the umbrella of the Norwegian Chemical Society, which has given me the task to organize the meeting. 

Since its infancy the tradition has been to invite 3-4 eminent chemists, covering various subdiciplines of organic chemistry, to give the plenary lectures. Due to financial support from the research council over the years it has been possible to maintain this tradition without having to charge a co nsiderable conference fee. This has been absolutely instrumental to keep up the numbers of participants in times with little money at Norwegian universities for conference participation.

The next winter meeting, which I will organize, will take place fro m the 10th to the 13th of January 2008. The participants will arrive with train midday the 10th. The meeting will then start just after lunch with a plenary lecture followed by shorter talks, poster presentations etc until approximately 19.30. The schedul e will be almost the same the 11th. The 12th, however, there will be two plenary lectures, and at the very end the annual meeting of the Organic Division of the Norwegian Chemical Society will be held; otherwise, the program will contain shorter talks and  poster presentations as the previous days. The participants will leave with train the next morning.

I have organized the winter meeting three times before, and each time emphasized certain parts of organic chemistry. This time I want to focus on organic  synthesis, in particular bio-organic chemistry.

I have started the process to invite the following as plenary speakers, of whom the three first on the list have accepted the invitation:

Professor Anita R. Maguire, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland 

Professor Dieter Schinzer,University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany

Professor Peter Seeberger, ETH, Zürich, Switzerland

Professor Snorri T. Sigurdsson, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland

FOFORMIDLING-FOFORMIDLING

SOS – Folk i beredskap

Awarded: NOK 35,000

Summary

Funding scheme:

FOFORMIDLING-FOFORMIDLING

Thematic Areas and Topics