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Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

Multidisciplinary Assessment of Crustacean Sentience

Crustacean sentience (the capacity of this group to experience emotions) has sparked a heated debate across multiple disciplines, particularly as it could impact several major sectors such as fisheries and aquaculture. The outdated argument that animals do not experience negative emotions (such as pain) because they lack conscience, has been proven wrong for vertebrates and some invertebrates (e.g. octopus), but remains controversial for crustaceans. There is evidence of criteria consistent with the idea of pain, as crustaceans have and activate nociceptive pathways, but there is no evidence of the neural pathways integrating the responses nor the demonstration of the awareness thereafter. This is partly due to the ‘dispersed’  central nervous system (CNS) these animals present, with multiple ganglia, but no ‘brain’ as a focal point. To overcome this, MACS aims to apply new technology to measure 9 simultaneous nerve signals (8 ganglia and the heart) to fully understand the nociceptive pathways and how are they integrated in crustaceans’ CNS. This approach will tackle the principle of triangulation by (1) The development of an electroencephalogram (EEG) to record the nervous system of commercially important crustacean species; (2) the characterization of pain and stress through physiological and molecular animal-based indicators; and (3) the evaluation of behaviour and its neurological integration pathway.  As such, this multidisciplinary study will only be possible through a combination of my crustacean stress physiology background, my supervisor’s knowledge of the central nervous system anatomy, and my second supervisor's expertise in aquatic species' EEG. The outcome of this fellowship will range from CNS studies to validate current industrial practices (during a non-academic placement), to socio-economic impacts involving the society's concern for animal welfare. The knowledge and skills gained from this project will allow me to become an independent researcher.

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Driving Sustainable Climate Transition of Video-On-Demand Platforms at a Time of Transformation

The overarching goal of StreamSCAPES is to kick start a new era in forward “thinking and doing” in the ways in which production, consumption and decision-making systems in the Cultural and Creative Industries (CCIs) lead through the sustainable climate transition (SCT) with a particular emphasis on Video-On-Demand (VOD) platforms as central nodes within audiovisual and cultural ecosystems. Specifically, StreamSCAPES will provide (i) an interdisciplinary mapping and assessment of the ways in which it is possible to substantially “green” the operations of VOD platforms in the CCIs, (ii) pilot the transformative impact of VOD platforms to engage in “Blue Skies” generation of ideas through a ‘hubs’ based approach, in the form of a future studies approach with a special focus on children and youth, and (iii) co-test the potential of VOD platforms to contribute to the SCT in line with the European Industrial Strategy and the European Green Deal. To achieve this, a multi-stakeholder team of four core academics and eight key stakeholders, including several European VOD platforms, combines original data and knowledge and collated best practices. StreamSCAPES, among other things, (a) develops robust methods to measure the carbon footprint of VOD platforms and a pilot SCT VOD certification; (b) designs and develops business clinics providing advice on how VOD platforms can best green their business models; (c) develops a StreamSCAPES Dashboard making public data, such as the carbon footprints of VOD platforms, available to policymakers, professionals and citizens; (d) identifies underutilised approaches that can be used by VOD platforms to boost the SCT; (e) delivers a first-aid kit handbook to empower VOD professionals, audiovisual and cultural workers, and citizens to support the SCT in a bottom-up manner, paying particular attention to engaging young people and children in practices and ‘Blue Skies’ imaginations towards innovation.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

When a liquid droplet is placed on a solid surface with a temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of the liquid, the droplet hovers above the surface on a thin layer of its own vapor, a phenomenon known as the Leidenfrost effect. While this effect is highly undesirable in certain cooling applications due to the reduced energy transfer between the solid and evaporating liquid caused by the poor heat conductivity of the vapor, it can be of significant interest in various processes where avoiding contact with the surface is advantageous.  The LeidenForce project aims to comprehensively study the Leidenfrost effect and propose novel applications, either to mitigate its adverse effects or leverage its advantages. LeidenForce intends to (i) shift the fundamental understanding of the transition to the Leidenfrost state, (ii) optimize the heat transfer between the droplet and the substrate, (iii) utilize the isolated droplet to manipulate small amounts of liquid in unconventional scenarios (e.g., on a liquid surface, within a channel), and (iv) harness the vapor film to capture or confine particles using an external electrical field.  The practical implications will be leveraged by non-academic institutions involved in aviation (such as AIRBUS), metallurgy (CRM), cryogenics (Air Liquide), and space exploration (Centre Spatial de Liège). In aviation, managing cryogenic fuel is a crucial step toward achieving zero-emission flights. In metallurgy, innovative cooling methods will be developed based on mitigating the Leidenfrost effect. Air Liquide will address cooling issues by introducing particles into the evaporating liquid to modify the Leidenfrost effect. Lastly, at the Centre Spatial de Liège, Leidenfrost droplets will be utilised to delicately clean surfaces by trapping particles within these contactless droplets.

Advanced Leidenfrost Effect

Improvement of the quality and safety of fermented beverages through the management and control of spoilage microorganisms

SpoilControl will train the next generation of polyvalent researchers in the field of sustainable fermentation technologies, able to meet current and future challenges created by microbial spoilage and improve the quality & safety of fermented beverages. Europe is the historical leader of fermented drinks, whose competitiveness is intensively challenged. Microbial spoilage in fermented food is a growing concern from a financial viewpoint (economic losses) and from a health perspective (increasing presence of pathogens, particularly in improperly homemade or artisanal productions). Such quality & safety issues are amplified by societal and environmental changes: the consumer trend toward low-input products, sustainable practices, small-scale productions and climate changes are associated with increased risks of microbial spoilage. In addition, the fermentation sector cruelly lacks a global framework & training between beverages, resulting in efforts duplication & investments partitioning. SpoilControl will unfold an original strategy based on multiple beverages (wine, spirits, beer, cider, kombucha, kefir), multiple disciplines (from environmental & life sciences to engineering or economics), multiple solutions (development of sustainable biological, chemical and physical treatments). The consortium covers the whole fermentation chain from Fermentation to Glass with 34 partners including universities, SMEs, large companies, innovation cluster, start-up, analysis laboratories, technical institutes and homebrewers’ group. SpoilControl will have multiple impacts: at the scientific level, the study of non-conventional microbial species will be useful besides the fermentation sector; at the societal level, SpoilControl will improve public awareness of safety issues in fermented food and promote best practices for all end-users (industrials, consumers); the development of innovative solutions and treatments will have immediate and long-term economic impact.  

To develop autonomous robots that are able to comply with social conventions and expectations, and avoid rejection from humans requires that robots must be aware of the social context in which they operate. To this extent, robots need to be endowed with high levels of reactivity, proactivity, responsiveness, and intelligibility. The Doctoral Network - Industrial Doctorates on Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs (SWEET) aims at training a new generation of research and professional figures able to advance the development of socially aware robots capable of perceiving, interpreting, and responding to human emotions, intentions, and cultural differences. The training program will offer a diverse curriculum, encompassing theoretical knowledge, hands-on technical skills, and real-world application scenarios. The network's interdisciplinary approach includes various fields, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, human-robot interaction, computer vision, and cognitive sciences. Doctoral candidates will be immersed in cutting-edge research and innovation, gaining insights from the experience of both industrial and academic acclaimed research groups. The network will place a strong emphasis on ethical considerations and responsible innovation, deploying socially aware robots aligned with societal values and promoting inclusivity.  Doctoral Candidates will also have the opportunity to participate in a unique coaching program for continuous professional development of their soft and leadership individual skills. Integration Milestones following a Scenario-Based Learning approach will provide co-working activities where collaborative design/implementation is fostered. The inter-sectoral collaboration between academia, user groups’ representatives, business developers, and robot manufacturers of the project will further strengthen the novelty and impact of the research and training, and that research results are economically, socially, and technically feasible.

Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs

Complex lipid membranes for science and technology

“CLIMB-Complex lipid membranes for science and technology” is a doctoral network of leading European lipid-research laboratories with highly complementary research expertise and training capabilities, which will allow participating PhD students to develop a wide range of research and transferable skills attractive to employers in both academic and industrial sectors. The research themes focus on the hypothesis that comprehensive understanding of the role of compositional complexity on “yet to be explored” structural properties and membrane-driven interactions is key to developing complex lipid-based nanomaterials that mimic the cellular environment and function as high-performance sustainable materials. A central aspect of the CLIMB programme is the development and physicochemical characterization of structure and stability of aggregates formed by novel lipid mixtures including natural extracts and novel protective polymer/peptoid-based coatings. Scientific results will be made available to non-academic partners to assess its possible translation into applications in the fields of mRNA delivery, bio-sensor development, and “green” formulations, areas in line with some of the grand challenges identified by EU. These objectives will be achieved by combining advanced and complementary experimental approaches from chemistry, physics, biology, and computational sciences. Through close collaboration with a network of both small and large industrial partners, the trainees will receive direct hands-on experience, and will gain insights into how lipid-based materials are used in innovative applications. In summary, CLIMB aims to advance the current knowledge on the interplay between structure, functions, interaction, and compositional complexity in lipid membrane. The generated results will contribute to important knowledge transfer between academia and the companies involved, promoting and increasing the success rate for innovations of grand societal challenges.

Breaching the boundaries of safety and intelligence in autonomous systems with risk-based rationality

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

Midlene fra FRISAM-Fri prosjektstøtte samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRISAM-Fri prosjektstøtte samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRISAM-Fri prosjektstøtte samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fagområde

Professor

The purpose of this project is to investigate four specific research questions concerning the responsibility to take on the costs associated with climate change. A further aim is to provide ethically sound premises for policy-making.  

1 & 2. Climate cha nge raises questions both of mitigation and adaptation. Mitigation refers to the reduction of GHG emissions. Adaptation refers to the measures intended to reduce the impact of climate change. Both strategies are costly, and give rise to questions of distr ibution:

1) How should the responsibilities for carrying the cost of mitigation be distributed?

2) How should the responsibilities for carrying the cost of adaptation be distributed?

3. Discussions of the responsibility for the costs associated with cl imate change presuppose that there exist relevant agents to which responsibility can meaningfully be assigned. It is commonly assumed that nations or states are such relevant agents, but it is not obvious that this position is justified. The third researc h question confronts this issue:

3) Can states have moral responsibilities, and if so, under which conditions?

4. One thing is to establish that we have responsibilities, and that these should be distributed in a certain way.  It is quite another thing to determine what exactly these responsibilities entail. While the preceding questions concern distribution across space, the present question deals with distribution across time. It is likely that conflicts of interest will arise between present and futu re generations. How demanding are the responsibilities that arise from this conflict? Thus the last research question is:
  
4) How extensive are the present generation's responsibilities towards future generations?

Answering these four research question s will bring us closer to a comprehensive theory of fair distribution of the burdens imposed by climate change. This, in turn, will provide important premises for the pressing debate on how to design

CLIMATE CHANGE: DISTRIBUTING RESPONSIBILITIES JUSTLY

Norsk vitenskaplig dataforvaltningsnettverk (NorDataNet) er et virtuelt dataforvaltningsystem der eksisterende geofaglige dataforvaltningssystemer knyttes sammen vha standardiserte søksmetadata som utveksles gjennom maskinelle grensesnitt. Formålet er å forenkle prosessen med å finne, laste ned og bruke vitenskaplige data på tvers av dataforvaltningssystemer. Selv om NorDataNet har et geofaglig utgangspunkt er målet å etablere et tverrfaglig system gjennom kommunikasjon med nasjonale og internasjonale miljøer. NorDataNet tilbyr gjennom de eksisterende datasentrene, det vitenskaplige miljøet støtte til å publisere og langtidsbevare datasett. Viktige kunnskapsområder for NorDataNet omfatter semantisk beskrivelse, lisenser, opprinnelsesinformasjon og unike identifikatorer for datasett.

During the International Polar Year (IPY), data management was seen as the key to securing a lasting "IPY legacy": "An enduring data set, accessible to scientists and the public during IPY and for many decades into the future, will represent one of IPY's strongest legacies.". Free and unrestricted sharing and preservation of data were the guiding principles. An IPY Data and Information Service (IPYDIS) was established to ensure the long-term preservation and availability of IPY data. Nationally, the effort was mirrored by the DOKIPY project, supported by the Research Council Norway (RCN). Data catalogues at the Institute of Marine Research, Norwegian Polar Institute and Norwegian Meteorological Institute were connected, thus establishing a national IPY data portal.

The present proposal aims at continuing and expanding the DOKIPY effort, in:
(1) Expanding the DOKIPY concept to non IPY catalogues hosted by IMR, METNO, NERSC, NILU and NPI as well as RCN funded infrastructures like Norwegian Marine Data Centre (208849/F50) and NORMAP (195397/V30) by improving and adjusting the present documentation of datasets and subsequently linking the catalogues as in DOKIPY. (2) Consolidating the DOKIPY system as a national portal and search interface to environmental scientific data. (3) Making scientific data from Norway visible, searchable and accessible in key international portals such as WIS, GCMD, SeaDataNet, and SIOS, and vice versa.

NorDataNet attempts to link existing catalogues within the environmental domain in  order to support unified search and access to data regardless of physical location. It will also attempt to integrate the NorStore Research Data Archive and to coordinate requests from the climate and environmental data community towards NorStore.

The proposal can be implemented in a stepwise approach starting with the unified view for metadata populated with the IPY catalogues and metadata for NorStore datasets.

Norwegian Scientific Data Network

GeoAccessNO er et forprosjekt som har sett på forbedringer i den nasjonale evnen til å sikre forskningsarven innenfor geofag. Prosjektet har sett på både fysiske og digitale data, samt kobling av data og programvare gjennom arbeidsstrømmer.

Prosjektet har hatt et spesielt fokus på det å sikre sporbarhet mellom fysiske prøver og digital representasjon av disse. Arbeidet i prosjektet var basert på kommunikasjon med brukermiljøer gjennom brukermøter, nasjonale strategier for e-infrastruktur og relevante internasjonale vitenskaplige aktiviteter i regi av ICSU, Research Data Alliance og EU. Forprosjektet har analysert status nasjonalt og internasjonalt, innenfor geofag og andre disipliner, behov og muligheter, prosjektet har også implementert en løsning for brukertesting av arbeidsstrømmer (basert på erfaring fra bioinformatikk) og levert en anbefaling for oppfølging.

I løpet av prosjektet er status på dataforvaltning samlet inn vha spørreskjemaer fra relevante nasjonale fagmiljøer. Det er  utarbeidet en rapport om implementasjon av unike identifikatorer for fysiske prøver (f.eks. International Geo Sampling Number). Denne rapporten gir en oversikt over prinsippene, krav til systemarkitektur og prosedyrer samt anbefalinger nasjonalt. Rapporten inneholder praktisk informasjon om implementasjonen av ISGN ved IODP Core Repository i Bremen i Tyskland.

En demonstrator for kobling av data og programvare er satt opp. Denne demonstratoren er et arbeidsmiljø med mulighet for forskere til å lagre og dele handlinger som utføres på data. Demonstratoren har en del ferdig installerte data og programvare, men også mulighet for brukeren til å laste opp egne data og programvare. Demonstratoren er foreslått integrert i Norwegian Scientific Data Network.

This proposal is a response to the challenge of preserving the geoscientific legacy. This legacy is manifested through scientific datasets, software, documentation and methodology. Of major concern is the handling of physical samples and especially the linkage between physical samples and digital datasets created from these physical samples.

The intention is to provide a thorough description of the current status, identify disciplines or communities that have addressed the problem or parts of it in order to learn from these, document guidelines and best practises and establish a proof of concept system addressing the problem.

GeoAccessNO

Det overordnede målet med IPYs datapolitikk er å sikre oppnåelsen av IPYs hovedformål ved å knytte sammen fagområder, prosjekter og enkeltforskere gjennom åpen datautveksling og fri tilgang. Ved fri utveksling av data kan observasjonsprogram planlegges fo r å unngå overlapping og duplisering slik at observasjonene kan dekke en større del av IPYs interesseområde og parametere. Effektiv datautveksling er en forutsetning for at IPY-prosjektene kan bli til noe mer enn en flora av enkeltprosjekter, nemlig til e t globalt program med et felles mål. 

DOKIPY knytter sammen eksisterende datahåndteringsinstitusjoner i Norge som er sentrale i de nasjonale IPY-aktivitetene og har langsiktige mandat for datahåndtering innenfor ulike disipliner. Eksisterende infrastrukt ur tilpasses IPYs føringer og sikrer langsiktig forvaltning nasjonalt finansierte IPY-data.

0 antall prosjekter

FORINFRA-Nasjonal sats.på forskningsinfrastrukt.

Norwegian Scientific Data Network

Tildelt: kr 20,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2015-2023

Sted: Oslo

ISPNATTEK-ISP - naturvit. og teknologi

GeoAccessNO

Tildelt: kr 6,8 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2015-2018

Sted: Oslo

IPY-Det internasjonale polaråret 2007/2008

Datahåndterings- og koordineringstjeneste for norske forskningsprosjekter under det internasjonale polaråret (DOKIPY)

Tildelt: kr 1,5 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2007-2011

Sted: Oslo

IPY-Det internasjonale polaråret 2007/2008

IPY DATA Coordinator - Real-time and Operational Data Specialist

Tildelt: kr 1,1 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2007-2009

Sted: Oslo