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Co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective

CoBioPovCli addresses the question of how to conserve biodiversity, alleviate poverty, and mitigate climate change simultaneously, which are interrelated challenges that threaten human and environmental well-being. The importance of this topic is highlighted by the current context of the global COVID-19 pandemic and the Russia-Ukraine war, which have exacerbated these problems and their impacts on human and environmental well-being. The main gaps in this topic are: (1) lack of comprehensive data, especially on the dynamics of socio-ecological systems, (2) lack of integrated knowledge, and (3) lack of holistic approaches that consider co-benefits and synergies. CoBioPovCli aims to overcome the limitations and gaps in the current state-of-the-art by developing an integrated spatial planning approach that can achieve win-win synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation from a social-ecological systems perspective.  CoBioPovCli will use literature, models remote sensing data, and other data sources to construct and apply the spatial planning approach, based on case studies, spatial analysis and scenario simulation. CoBioPovCli will generate new knowledge, data and solutions that are conceptually novel, scientifically rigorous and policy-relevant. It will enhance our understanding of the multiple values of biodiversity and its contributions to human well-being under changing climatic conditions. It will provide evidence-based recommendations and best practices for promoting more integrated and sustainable approaches that benefit both people and the planet. CoBioPovCli will also enhance Europe’s scientific and technical capacity and excellence in the field of co-benefits and synergies between biodiversity conservation, poverty alleviation, and climate change mitigation, as well as contribute to Europe’s global leadership and influence in addressing these interlinked challenges.

Potential nUtrient release from deglaciating Land Surfaces to downstream Ecosystems (PULSE)

Glacier retreat is escalating in response to amplified Arctic warming. This exposes large areas of new glacier forefield to seasonal freeze-thaw, wetting-drying cycles and variable oxygen conditions. These physical changes dramatically alter biogeochemical cycling in previously glaciated sediments, facilitating soil and vegetation development in the 21st century. Arctic streams are well-known suppliers of the key nutrient nitrogen (N) to N-limited fjords and coasts, which host lucrative fisheries. However, the influence of glacial retreat and associated soil development on N release to streams, thus fjords and coasts, is a complete unknown. The PULSE project aims to quantify the impact of Arctic glacier forefield exposure on soil N cycling and export to coastal marine environments, and how they are influenced by time since deglaciation, local geology and freeze-thaw cycling. In PULSE, I will measure N release from a field scale chronosequence in a Sub-Arctic glaciated catchment and quantify the forefield soil N contribution to river N runoff. I further use a “space for time” approach to simulate future climate conditions for High Arctic forefield sediments, thus predicting future High Arctic forefield N release. This highly interdisciplinary project combines my background in soil biogeochemistry with glacier hydrochemistry at the Arctic University of Tromsø (UiT). UiT is the ideal host for me to gain new analytical chemistry and modelling skills in order to establish how future glacier retreat will shift sources of riverine N transport to downstream fjords and coasts. A secondment to the Norwegian Polar Institute will additionally expand my scientific expertise and network to include marine monitoring stakeholders directly using my results. PULSE will, therefore, provide a high-impact, first quantification of future potential proglacial soil N leaching across Sub-Arctic to High Arctic climates, which will inform future ecosystem management policies in the Arctic.

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

Beyond the current: Improving European flowing waters in an era of global change

BEYOND will train the next generation of water professionals who will deliver scientific and technological innovation across disciplines, institutions and countries needed to solve European water quality problems in an era of global change. In the last decade, some improvement in understanding of water pollution has been achieved but there are still significant knowledge gaps, especially in the context of climate change and emerging contaminants, coupled with a lack of systems approach and operational tools required by water management. To address water quality pressures, we need to better target heterogeneity in the land-water continuum, accounting for recipient-specific sensitivity to pollution pressures and the spatial and temporal variation in sources, pathways, and impacts on stream ecology and ecosystem services, now and under future climatic conditions. BEYOND will equip Researchers with critical technical and communication skills needed to provide evidence-based management of landscapes and river networks under current and future conditions. They will gain expertise in interdisciplinary catchment science, novel high-resolution water quality sensors and models, gain access to cutting-edge water quality instrumentation in experimental catchments in Europe and through secondments to SMEs, and skills in citizen science. BEYOND Researchers will become leaders in innovation and knowledge exchange needed to achieve water quality improvements, through effective interactions with public and private stakeholders during secondments and short visits.

Innovative electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Versatile Feedstock

ICO2NIC will couple developments in polymer membrane-based CO2 capture technology with a novel Gas Diffusion electrochemical cell for CO2 to formic acid conversion. Valorisation of formic acid via innovative biological processing routes will deliver high value products and materials.  By making CCU (carbon capture and utilization) profitable, the ICO2NIC approach will enable global emitters to capture and valorise waste CO2, paving the way for a significant reduction in global emissions. The ICO2NIC consortium will form a complete value chain, from CO2 emitter (TUPRAS), to end users (TUPRAS, P&G), inclusive of carbon capture and purification (CPT), electrochemical conversion (AVT), and downstream processing (B.Fab, NPI). This industrial representation will enable validation of an integrated business model that has the potential to deliver a viable economic model for all parties (without external financial aid). Leading RTOs will support the integration of RES through digital monitoring and control systems (IDE), and confirm the cost efficiency, environmental performance and scalability of the proposed concept through development of a robust TEA and process design (SINTEF) and LCA (TNO); paving the way for capture of 6.45 Mt of CO2 from TUPRAS’ refineries by 2040, and up to 75 Mtpa CO2 in the EU refinery sector in the long term. 

Contentious Politics and Democratic Renewal in Sustainability Transitions

Trans4Demo is an evidence-based and impact-driven set of actions to address contentious politics arising from climate change and sustainable transitions. These conflicts are seen as a critical challenge for democratic systems, and their importance is expected to grow in the future. Authoritarian tendencies and right-wing populism have weakened social cohesion, making large parts of EU populations less willing to change their practices and hindering responses to climate challenges.  The main objective of the project is to investigate the role and evolution of diverse forms of opposition and contentious politics of sustainability transitions, and their impact on democracy. We aim at delivering the temporality-sensitive conceptual framework, practical understandings, and policy recommendations to assist in democracy reinvigoration. By exploring these intersections, we identify specific scientific, consensus-based, and politically normative goals that political communities in diverse European contexts could pursue. Empirically, throughout the project, we will (1) focus on practical understandings of the role of various bottom-up mobilizations against the populist backdrop, (2) identify novel sites of constructive democratic engagement, and (3) address the role of trust in the democratic process, including the validity of electoral processes. Building on this, (4) we will provide sound, research-based policy recommendations that balance bottom-up and top-down perspectives for democratic renewal.  To achieve these targets, we will employ triangulated and participatory methodologies, including case studies and future-oriented methods, developed in collaboration with societal actors involved in the project—from the initial design of the research agenda to fieldwork and dissemination activities.

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

Building decentralIsed, DistributEd And Local micro-GRids for dEcarbonisation Electrification challeNge

The IDEAL4GREEN project addresses the urgent challenges of climate change and the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. It focuses on developing and integrating microgrids, which are crucial in managing the variability of renewable resources and achieving decarbonisation targets. The project aligns with the EC's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 by empowering energy communities and optimising local supply and demand. The project proposes a comprehensive doctoral training network aimed at developing skilled engineers with interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral expertise. This network diverges from conventional university-based research, maintaining strong industry links and emphasising practical implementation. IDEAL4GREEN consists of 8 beneficiaries and 11 partner organisations, recruiting 15 doctoral candidates to undertake research on microgrids' planning, design, operation, control, and impact assessment. The research encompasses innovative frameworks and methodologies for integrating microgrids and transforming traditional grids into sustainable energy systems. This includes developing advanced control algorithms, cybersecurity, improving mechanisms for microgrid islanding and reconnection, and enhancing the resilience and reliability of interconnected microgrid systems. The project also explores the planning, policy, and economic feasibility of interconnected grids and microgrids. It emphasises creating complete and integrated microgrid design frameworks, utilising integrated energy system modelling, and investigating regulatory policies. In terms of training, the DCs will engage in a mix of academic and industrial experiences, including secondments and networking meetings, ensuring their exposure to both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The training program covers various aspects, such as advanced technical skills, collaborative communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability.  

Midlene fra H20-ERC-European Research Council fordelt på år

Midlene fra H20-ERC-European Research Council fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra H20-ERC-European Research Council fordelt på fagområde

Innocent Children or Security Threats? European Children Born of War

How can we ensure that children born of war do not pay for the sins of their parents? Political debates about how to address the plight of children born of foreign fighters to ISIS/Daesh make this an acute concern in Europe today. The European debates are polarized; some argue that socialization of these children will transform them into the next generation of terrorists, while others argue that they must be assumed innocent with rights to citizenship in European countries and state protection. How might we understand, respond, and address the needs and rights of these children raises the fundamental question of how we understand children of the enemy, as innocent individuals or security threats? Further, it is important not to repeat previous historical mistakes. By learning from the past, we can ensure that we will not need to issue apologies for wrongdoings in the future. After World War II, children conceived by enemy soldiers experienced shaming, harassment and isolation. We know that some of the children conceived through conflict related sexual violence during the Bosnian war of 1992-1995, were rejected and adopted, whereas some remained with their mothers under difficult circumstances. These war children were long silenced, but with time, they have formed vocal groups who argue for the right to be seen, heard, and recognized. Their core message is that the sins of their parents are not theirs to bear; they are not the enemy. EuroWARCHILD develops methodological innovation and combines theory development, life history interviews and text analyses to investigate how a child born of war can become a security concern, and what it entails for the child who does. This project is the first to comprehensively examine different groups of war children in the European context; across different conflicts, security settings and generations. EuroWARCHILD will affect policy development and increase attention to children born of war in many European countries, and beyond.

FNs klimapanels sjette hovedrapport fra august i 2021, slo fast at forskningen rundt koblingen mellom oppvarming i Arktis og værsystemer over det europeiske og asiatiske kontinentet er uklar. For å bedre forstå og varsle endringer i Arktis, samt sammenhengen med klimasystemene på midlere og høye breddegrader, vil forskningsprosjektet MAPARC sette i gang et innovativt samarbeid mellom Norge og Kina.

Det er mange tegn som tyder på at det er et nytt Arktis som nå er i ferd med å vokse fram. Observasjoner i havet, atmosfæren og i snø- og isdekket viser allerede nå endringer som ikke tidligere er observert i Arktis i dette århundret. Denne utviklingen er forventet å fortsette.
I deler av klimasystemet i Arktis finner man nå tilstander som er langt fra det som tidligere var «normalt» i Arktis. Eksempler på dette er sterkere oppvarming, tynnere sjøis, mer unormale mønstre i atmosfæren og gjentakende flere ekstremtilfeller. Dette indikerer at vi går et nytt Arktis i møte.

Vi har funnet ny kunnskap om årsaker til og virkninger av et nytt Arktis, som bidrar til å avmystifisere klimakoblingen mellom Arktis og Eurasia. Denne kunnskapen har vært nyttig for å videreutvikle og ta i bruk avanserte metoder for klimavarsling i et nytt Arktis.
Så langt, har vi:
1. Tallfestet endringer i interaksjonen mellom hav, sjøis og luft i Beringhavet, sett opp mot det stadig tynnere sjøisdekket, som også er utsatt for raskere smelting
2. Identifisert at en dypere oppvarming i Arktis kan mer effektivt påvirke klimaet over Eurasia
3. Utviklet nye metoder for klimavarsling og -modeller, basert på maskinlæring, for å forbedre treffsikkerheten til måneds- og sesongvarsel for klimaet på midlere og høyere breddegrader

MAPARChar konsolidert et 20 år langt norsk-kinesisk samarbeid om klimaforskning gjennom plattformen Nansen-Zhu International Research Centre, ved å organisere flere internasjonale symposium.

Arctic is entering into a new era where there is more open ocean in summer and increasing area of newly-formed sea ice in winter. Meanwhile, the new Arctic is undergoing a deep warming extending from the interior ocean to the upper troposphere. It implies significant changes of ocean conditions, atmosphere circulations and climate patterns, bringing challenges to the implementation of existing knowledge on the prediction of new Arctic climate system.

MAPARC aims to enhance the mechanistic understanding of Arctic climate change and to improve the prediction of new Arctic climate system.
We will quantify the observed changes of Arctic air-sea-ice interaction due to the increased area of newly-formed sea ice, and use state-of-the-art coupled climate model and regional atmospheric model to confirm the underlying thermodynamic feedbacks. 
Existing multi-model large ensemble climate simulations will be used to identify the local and remote processes responsible for the Arctic near-surface warming and deep warming and their downstream effects (e.g., extremes over Eurasia). We will then use the Norwegian Earth System Model and modern techniques such as causal effect networks to confirm the causality of climate linkages.
We will further use the large ensemble simulations to assess the effects of externally-forced (e.g., radiative forcing), boundary forcing (e.g., sea ice and ocean temperature) and internal stochastic forcing on the changes of mid-high latitude atmospheric circulations such as stratospheric polar vortex, jet stream and blocking.
Equipped with enhanced mechanistic understanding, we will then use the dynamical climate prediction systems and advanced approaches including statistical downscaling and machine learning to develop hybrid models for the prediction of new Arctic climate system.
The well-established collaboration between the Norwegian and Chinese PIs and the complementary expertise and technology of the project group will ensure the success of MAPARC.

Mechanism and prediction of the new Arctic climate system (MAPARC)

Prosjektet BASIC har som mål å forbedre forståelsen av hvordan klimaet endrer seg som følge av endringer i Arktis, med særlig fokus på det nye Arktis som kjennetegnes ved mer åpent (altså blåere) hav om sommeren og mer nyformet havis om vinteren. Sistnevnte blir ofte oversett, men har potensielt  dyptgripende innvirkning på klimaet.

Endringer i havisen kan påvirke den atlantiske meridionale omveltingssirkulasjonen (AMOC) via endringer i havets saltholdighet: AMOC er en stor havstrøm som drives av vann med relativt høy tetthet som synker nord i Nordatlanteren. Havstrømmen frakter varmt tropisk vann inn i Nordatlanteren og opp langs norskekysten, men har over lang tid blitt svekket som følge av at havisen smelter og tilfører havet mer ferskvann. Ettersom flerårsisen reduseres raskt vil den nylige og fremtidige økningen i nyformet havis potensielt endre slike innvirkninger.

Et blåere Arktis kan endre den relative innflytelsen til den arktiske  havtemperaturen og havisen på klimaet. Modelleksperimenter har vist at klimaendringene man ser under en isfri tilstand er merkbart forskjellige fra de man ser med havis.  Vi forventer at før Arktis når en isfri tilstand, vil mengden havis reduseres trinnvis og passere en terskelverdi hvor havtemperaturene tar over for havisen og får størst innvirkning på klimaet. BASIC har designet numeriske eksperimenter for å identifisere en slik terskelverdi.

Et blåere Arktis med mer nyformet vinterhavis er assosiert med en arktisk oppvarming som brer seg nedover i havet og oppover til midlere troposfære (~5 km). Men tidligere modell studier viser at klimamodellene spriker i hvordan de reproduserer den dype arktiske oppvarmingen man finner i observasjoner, noe som har forårsaket debatt innad i fagfeltet. BASIC har derfor utviklet en ny metode for å løse dette problemet.

The rapid decline of Arctic sea ice has led to a ‘bluer’ Arctic. While at the same time, the extent and the volume of newly-formed sea ice in winter are increasing; the climate science community has largely overlooked the latter unforeseen change, but it has potentially profound and lasting impacts on the Arctic and the Eurasian climate.

We anticipate that:
(1) ‘Bluer’ Arctic is changing the respective roles of Arctic ocean temperature and sea ice in impacting the climate. 
(2) The increase of newly-formed wintertime sea ice year-after-year will promote the slowdown of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). 
(3) Vertical extent of Arctic warming is critical in resolving the debates on mechanisms driving the "warmer Arctic, colder Eurasia" winter climate pattern.

In BASIC we will identify the mechanisms on the vertical propagation of Arctic ocean warming and assess the Eurasian winter climate response to deep Arctic warming (from ocean interior upwards to mid-troposphere) using coupled simulations. 
We will further demonstrate that there is increased newly-formed Arctic sea ice in winter in the context of Arctic warming. We will then quantify the freshwater fluxes anomalies due to the increased newly-formed sea ice and assess their impacts on the Arctic ocean stratification and the AMOC. BASIC's results will therefore directly address (i) the grand challenges of the WCRP: ‘Melting Ice and Global Consequences’ and (ii) the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goal 13 and Goal 14.
Through running large ensemble simulations, BASIC will identify (1) a 'threshold' of future Arctic sea ice state where there will be a role switching between the Arctic ocean temperature and sea ice in impacting the climate, and (2) the dominant effects of Arctic open seawaters on the climate variability due to their increasing capability to absorb and store energy.

0 antall prosjekter

POLARPROG-Polarforskningsprogram

Mechanism and prediction of the new Arctic climate system (MAPARC)

Tildelt: kr 10,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2022-2026

Sted: Vestland

POLARPROG-Polarforskningsprogram

Climate response to a Bluer Arctic with increased newly-formed winter Sea ICe (BASIC)

Tildelt: kr 12,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2021-2025

Sted: Vestland