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Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

Breaching the boundaries of safety and intelligence in autonomous systems with risk-based rationality

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

Combined Spatial-Temporal Models and Decadal Climate Predictions for Tuna Fisheries

Tuna, a cornerstone of global fisheries, representing 10% of marine catches and sustaining numerous jobs, confronts pressing challenges from overfishing and climate change. To address these issues comprehensively, our proposal outlines a three-fold strategy: 1 - Advanced Spatial Modeling: We will employ Bayesian spatial models, specifically INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation), to predict tuna catch and price dynamics while considering vital environmental factors. This approach will unveil intricate relationships between catch, prices, and environmental variables, providing a deeper understanding of the complex interplay; 2 -	Climate-Based Predictions: Building upon the insights gained from our spatial models, we will integrate predictions from the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM). This integration will allow us to provide skillful forecasts for tuna catch and price fluctuations over the next decade. These forecasts are invaluable for anticipating and responding to dynamic changes in the tuna industry, enhancing its resilience; 3 - User-Friendly Web Application: In collaboration with experts from ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) and the Norwegian IMR (Institute of Marine Research), we will develop a user-friendly web application. By developing this tool, we aim to make our scientific insights accessible to a wide audience, including researchers, managers, and policymakers. This project not only enhances our understanding of tuna fisheries and climate vulnerabilities but also empowers coastal communities, supports sustainability, and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals. Our commitment to open-science practices ensures lasting impact through readily available project code and results. 

Botanical Concrete: new green material for Artificial Reef

Tourism, recreation, fishing, marine aquaculture, and many other economic activities depend on the diverse marine ecosystems globally. However, a combination of factors such as global warming, ocean acidification, and increment of cyclones in recent years have led to the aggravating degradation of natural reefs, one of the most varied marine ecosystems on Earth. Artificial reefs (AR) are widely used for habitat restoration, ecological development, and coastline protection. Concrete is the most successful AR material, but it generates substantial CO2 emissions, has high contamination, and has low bio-receptivity. Botanical concrete developed by author during PhD study is based on the concept of a circular economy with 100% responsible use of waste materials and its carbon negative and non-toxic characteristics provide exciting potential in building the green infrastructure in ocean. This research aims to enhance the durability, bioreceptivity and versatility of wood-waste-based botanical concrete to create a green route for the design of the new generation of multifunctional eco-friendly AR for coastal protection and coral restoration. Based on nutrition, water quality and settlement substrate test in marine environment (lab-level) the raw materials are selected. Followed by formation design through advanced simulation, Computed Tomography scanning and experiments on durability and mechanical performance, and life cycle assessment, the prototype of AR will be tailored to achieve optimal density for easy installation, high resilience in storms, superior capability for coral larval settlement and biodiversity. The results will revolutionize the way in which ARs are made and boost the efficient use of recycled resources and alleviate climate change by moving into a clean circular blue economy. The project will contribute to the EU’s sustainable blue economy strategies, including decarbonization, circular economy, biodiversity, climate adaptation, and sustainable food.

Mye medieoppmerksomhet den siste tiden har blitt rettet mot de negative miljøpåvirkningene av akvakulturnæringen. Det er avgjørende for dagens oppdrettsnæring å finne en løsning på dette for å opprettholde den sosiale lisensen til å drive. Et av de viktigste tiltakene er å skape optimale forhold for fisken og håndtere utslipp på en effektiv måte. Flytende lukkede oppdrettssystemer (FLO) er utviklet med dette formålet. FLO kan redusere miljømessige begrensninger som tidligere har vært en utfordring.

I dette prosjektet FLO - Egget® blir brukt til felttesting. Systemet har evnen til å samle opp partikkelutslipp, et område det finnes lite forskning på. I oppdrettsnæringen finnes det en del usikkerhet om hvor mye utslippsreduksjon som faktisk kan oppnås med slike systemer, og hvilke faktorer som er avgjørende for effektiv oppsamling. Dette gjør det vanskelig å utvikle standarder og sikre at driften overholder utslippskrav.

Da det første Egget® ble lansert i 2022, viste det seg at det samlet opp mer slam enn forventet. Nå er målet å finne ut hva som gjorde dette mulig, slik at resultatene kan gjentas og tilpasses i større skala. Det er også viktig å dokumentere utslippsreduksjonen for å utvikle et bærekraftig regelverk og føre tilsyn med akvakultur på en fornuftig måte.

Prosjektet vil bidra til å definere nøkkelfaktorer for oppsamling av slam og gi grunnlag til videre diskusjon om hvordan man best kan utnytte det innsamlede slammet som en ressurs i stedet for et problem. Dette vil være viktig for å hjelpe oppdrettere med å tilpasse teknologi og utstyr, samt sikre at slammet kan bli en verdifull del av oppdrettsnæringens verdikjede. Resultatene kan også gi viktige innspill til retningslinjer for fremtidens bærekraftige havbruk.

Et viktig område for akvakultur utvikling er å minimere dens miljøpåvirkning. Direkte og indirekte miljøpåvirkning kan dempes ved å gi optimale forhold for fiskens velferd og ved innsamling av utslipp. Det flytende lukkede oppdretts systemet (FLO) Egget® tjener dette formålet.
Egget® er designet for å lokaliseres inne i fjorder og kan åpne opp for oppdrett på lokaliteter der det ellers kan være begrensninger og utslipp kan være en utfordring.
Det er svært få vitenskapelige artikler som omhandler oppsamling av partikkel-utslipp fra merder eller FLO. Det er usikkerhet i bransjen angående graden av utslippsreduksjon som kan oppnås i FLO-systemer og mangel på forståelse for nøkkelparametere som påvirker oppsamlingseffektivitet. Dette kan føre til hindringer i utvikling og drift eller manglende overholdelse av utslippstillatelser.
Det første Egget® ble lansert i 2022 og oppnådde bedre slamoppsamlingsresultater enn forventet. Oppgaven til dette prosjektet er å bryte det ned til nøkkelfaktorene som gjorde det mulig for at resultatene skal være replikerbare og skalerbare, og ikke minst få dokumentert utslippsreduksjon med FLO. 
Dokumentasjon kreves også for utvikling av fornuftig lovverk, gjennomføring av tilsyn eller evaluering av ulike akvakultursformer. Resultatene fra dette forskningsprosjektet kan danne grunnlag og gi anbefalinger for retningslinjer og etablering av en felles definisjon av bærekraftig havbruk. 
Samtidig som vi ser mot en fremtid med økt etterspørsel etter slamoppsamling, er det nødvendig å sikre at det innsamlede slammet blir en ressurs, ikke et problem for oppdretterne, samtidig som at oppdreterne kan bli utrustet med nødvendig informasjon for å tilpasse utstyr for oppsamling og behandling av slam for å levere det inn i verdikjeden.

Vurdering av utslipp og faktorer som påvirker innsamling og bruk av fiskeslam fra flytende lukket akvakulturteknologi

Utviklingen av havvind er et viktig element i det grønne skiftet og det forventes å ekspandere betraktelig, også i områder med sjøis i særdeleshet Østersjøen. Her er relativt grunt vann slik at det i hovedsak planlegges og bygges bunnfaste konstruksjoner. EU har mål om å produsere 60GW fra havvind før 2030, og mye av dette vil komme i Østersjøen. Tekniske løsninger for havvind er viktig ikke bare for EU, men svarer også på minst tre av FNs 13 bærekraftmål ((#7, #9, #13) og vil ha indirekte positiv effekt i forhold til fem andre ( (#3, #8, #9, #11 and #12).
Sjøis og is-krefter fra sjøis på havvindsinstallasjoner representerer en av de største usikkerhetene for design og operasjon av havvindsturbiner. De eksisterende standarder og retningslinjer er hovedsakelig gitt i IEC614000-3-1 and DNV-ST-0437, og disse er stort sett basert på "Arctic Offshore structures for the petroleum industry" i ISO19906. Det er to vesentlige forskjeller mellom installasjoner for havvind og for olje og gass. For det første er oljeplattformer større, stivere responderer mye mer statisk, mens vindturbiner er slankere og mer dynamiske. For det andre kan man vanlig vis i Arktis regne med tilnærmet uendelig store drivende krefter fra tung is, men i Østersjøen (og andre områder hvor det planlegges havvind) er det lettere isforhold (isen er mellom 0.3 m og 1.2 m), og de drivende kreftene (fra særlig vind og strøm) kan begrense is-kreftene. Usikkerhetene ligger både i etablering av fordelinger av, og korrelasjoner mellom de relevante is-parameterne (is-tykkelse, konsentrasjon osv.) og i de deterministiske og probabilistiske modeller for å beregne laster og respons. IceWise kommer til å adresse begge disse.

IceWise addresses sea ice actions on offshore wind turbines. Offshore wind is one of the vital renewable energies for the future and Europe wants to reach at least 60 GW installed in EU waters by 2030. This means more wind turbines in the Baltic sea where sea ice is on the the major uncertainties.

IceWise combines the competence of NTNU in ice mechanics and ice actions on offshore structures with competence within satellite remote sensing of sea ice at UiT to carry out world-leading research needed for Norwegian industry to reduce uncertainty in ice action estimations and to pave the way for improved operational planning and standardization of design method for offshore wind turbines.

WP1 Sea ice statistics, WP2 Ice state definition and WP3 Probabilistic modelling, address respectively the sea ice statistics and ridges statistics from satellite remote sensing data (WP1), defining an ice state based on multi-modal data product and calculate deterministic ice loads (WP2) and probabilistic modelling of ice ridge and level ice action (WP3).
The international  DTU-Space (Skourup) will co-supervise the PhD in WP1 (UiT) and we plan for with two full day scientific workshops per year (at NTNU and at Aalto) with the researchers and the PhDs.

Scientific papers published in high level international journals, high qualified personnel (PhD and master students) available for employment in Norwegian industry and development of better standards and guidelines for estimating ice actions on bottom-fixed wind turbines are three major results from the project.

A steering committee with member from all Norwegian partners will meet 4 times per year and ensure good progress. it will also be two full day physical workshop with all partners annually. The PhD students will meet and be challenged by the industry with their applied perspective.

DNV will be invited as observer to IceWise and Høyland is reviewing the new DNV-RP-C205 about ice actions to ensure that IceWise is complementary.

Ice, Wind and Structures

Konferansen SIG Seaweed har blitt arrangert jevnlig siden 2014, med finansiell støtte fra Forskningsrådet og Innovasjon Norge.
SIG (Special Interest Group) Seaweed består av norske bedrifter som dyrker og bruker makroalger (tang og tare) som råstoff for ulike produkter, samt utstyrs-, teknologi- og FoU-leverandørene innen disse områdene. Den planlagte SIG Seaweed 8 Conference er en temakonferanse med fokus på teknologiutvikling langs hele verdikjeden for makroalger, fra dyrking av biomasse til nye produkter med stor etterspørsel og som forutsetter tilgang på store volumer. Målet med konferansen er at deltagerne skal få formidlet ny kunnskap og erfaringer om dette temaet fra norske og utenlandske eksperter med mye erfaring og kunnskap om temaene, diskutere sine utfordringer knyttet til dem og bli inspirert til videre arbeid, nye forsknings- og innovasjonsprosjekter og ikke minst mer samarbeid. 
Kunnskapsplattformen Norwegian Seaweed Biorefinery Platform er sentral for forskningen på utnyttelse av dyrkede makroalger og har vært medarrangør av SIG Seaweed-konferansene. I år avsluttes Tareplattformen og den vil derfor ha en fremhevet rolle på SIG Seaweed 8 Conference. Infrastrukturprosjektet RI Seaweed (Norsk Taresenter, Norges Forskningsråd 2022 – 2028), bygger opp forskningsinfrastruktur som tareindustrien i Norge og internasjonalt kan bruke i utvikling og uttesting av teknologi langs hele verdikjeden. På årets konferanse skal senteret derfor presenteres bredt, både som eget foredrag og som flere korte pitcher fra nodene. Konferansen vil også ha presentasjoner fra andre norske forskningsprosjekter, samt innlegg fra norske og utenlandske bedrifter. I år har vi invitert foredragsholdere fra ledende fagmiljøer i Danmark, England og Chile, og spesielt sistnevnte får en bred presentasjon i forbindelse med at Norge og Chile planlegger økt forskningssamarbeid på alger. Det forventes ca 120 deltakere, fordelt på forskning, utdanning, industri, forvaltning og organisasjoner.

SIG Seaweed 8 Conference

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasjonal sats.på forskningsinfrastrukt. fordelt på år

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasjonal sats.på forskningsinfrastrukt. fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FORINFRA-Nasjonal sats.på forskningsinfrastrukt. fordelt på fagområde

Professor

The Norwegian Sequencing Center (NSC https://www.sequencing.uio.no) is a national core facility with two equal partners, the University of Oslo and Oslo University Hospital (OUS). NSC has provided state-of-the-art sequencing since 2009 and, through support from NFR, UiO and OUS, has invested heavily in both sequencing instruments and supporting infrastructure. NSC offers both Illumina short-read and PacBio long-reads technologies and has the largest and most diverse instrument fleet of all facilities that provide High Throughput Sequencing (HTS) services in Norway. This allows NSC to offer services that meet the needs of most users. We have a staff of highly competent employees at NSC, several have been involved since 2009. In NSC phase II, additional competent personnel were hired. Experience gained over the years, continuous updating of methodology and technology platforms as well as frequent participation in user meetings and conferences means that we can contribute with advice, planning of new projects and handling of all types of tests. NSC is currently a partner in the national consortium Norwegian Consortium for Sequencing and Personalized Medicine (NorSeq). A recent example of our competence and flexibility is that NSC was at very short notice able to set up whole genome sequencing of SARS-Cov-2 (Covid19) at the request of the National Institute of Public Health. We are well equipped to carry out large projects in both medical and non-medical genomics. The high-capacity instrument NovaSeq 6000 (Illumina) means that we have an extreme capacity for whole genomes, transcriptomes and metagenomes. NSC (OUS) is today the largest professional environment in Norway within clinical diagnostics. Major projects in which NSC has contributed include collaboration with the cancer registry (small RNAs), metagenomic sequencing of feces in dogs, the Legacy of Nansen (marine organisms), the Aqua Genome project and a number of reference genomes of various species of vertebrates, invertebrates, plants and mushroom. Our expertise in whole genome has led to a close collaboration with SciLife Lab (Sweden) Darwin Tree of Life (UK) and the worldwide projects Vertebrate Genome Project and Earth BioGenome Project.

The Norwegian Sequencing Centre (NSC) has been operating as a national core facility for high-throughput DNA sequencing (HTS) since 2009. The two partners behind NSC - Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary synthesis (CEES) and Dept. of Medical Genetics ( DMG) - represent leading scientific environments within biology and medical genetics, respectively, and are both heavily involved in numerous projects using HTS. We have users from all over Norway as well as internationally - from both public and private sector. We have experienced a huge increase in projects and users at NSC, and at present our instrumentation, particularly the Illumina machines, are run to the limits of their capacity. In Phase II, we will take NSC to the next level, increasing the capacity and extending our services to the level needed to provide "state-of-the-art" services at an internationally competitive level in the years to come. Several large and high profiled sequencing projects, in both biology and medicine, are in the pipeline at NSC. For example, CEES has recently been awarded a significant grant - "The Aqua Genome Project" - from the RCN BIOTEK 2021 programme, where we aim at sequencing one thousand genomes of both cod and salmon. To handle such large-scale projects nationally, it is essential to increase our sequencing capacity by obtaining more equipment, personnel and strengthening our IT infrastructure. In addition to three new Illumina machines, we will implement new, improved sequencing technology. Another important aspect of this application is to extend our services in bioinformatic analysis, frequently a bottleneck for many of our users. Furthermore, in Phase II we will increase our international collaboration and will take the initiative to form a network of leading Scandinavian sequencing centers in order to increase transfer of technology and know-how, as well enabling collaborations on large sequencing projects to the benefit of our users.

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