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When a liquid droplet is placed on a solid surface with a temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of the liquid, the droplet hovers above the surface on a thin layer of its own vapor, a phenomenon known as the Leidenfrost effect. While this effect is highly undesirable in certain cooling applications due to the reduced energy transfer between the solid and evaporating liquid caused by the poor heat conductivity of the vapor, it can be of significant interest in various processes where avoiding contact with the surface is advantageous.  The LeidenForce project aims to comprehensively study the Leidenfrost effect and propose novel applications, either to mitigate its adverse effects or leverage its advantages. LeidenForce intends to (i) shift the fundamental understanding of the transition to the Leidenfrost state, (ii) optimize the heat transfer between the droplet and the substrate, (iii) utilize the isolated droplet to manipulate small amounts of liquid in unconventional scenarios (e.g., on a liquid surface, within a channel), and (iv) harness the vapor film to capture or confine particles using an external electrical field.  The practical implications will be leveraged by non-academic institutions involved in aviation (such as AIRBUS), metallurgy (CRM), cryogenics (Air Liquide), and space exploration (Centre Spatial de Liège). In aviation, managing cryogenic fuel is a crucial step toward achieving zero-emission flights. In metallurgy, innovative cooling methods will be developed based on mitigating the Leidenfrost effect. Air Liquide will address cooling issues by introducing particles into the evaporating liquid to modify the Leidenfrost effect. Lastly, at the Centre Spatial de Liège, Leidenfrost droplets will be utilised to delicately clean surfaces by trapping particles within these contactless droplets.

Advanced Leidenfrost Effect

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Building decentralIsed, DistributEd And Local micro-GRids for dEcarbonisation Electrification challeNge

The IDEAL4GREEN project addresses the urgent challenges of climate change and the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. It focuses on developing and integrating microgrids, which are crucial in managing the variability of renewable resources and achieving decarbonisation targets. The project aligns with the EC's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 by empowering energy communities and optimising local supply and demand. The project proposes a comprehensive doctoral training network aimed at developing skilled engineers with interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral expertise. This network diverges from conventional university-based research, maintaining strong industry links and emphasising practical implementation. IDEAL4GREEN consists of 8 beneficiaries and 11 partner organisations, recruiting 15 doctoral candidates to undertake research on microgrids' planning, design, operation, control, and impact assessment. The research encompasses innovative frameworks and methodologies for integrating microgrids and transforming traditional grids into sustainable energy systems. This includes developing advanced control algorithms, cybersecurity, improving mechanisms for microgrid islanding and reconnection, and enhancing the resilience and reliability of interconnected microgrid systems. The project also explores the planning, policy, and economic feasibility of interconnected grids and microgrids. It emphasises creating complete and integrated microgrid design frameworks, utilising integrated energy system modelling, and investigating regulatory policies. In terms of training, the DCs will engage in a mix of academic and industrial experiences, including secondments and networking meetings, ensuring their exposure to both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The training program covers various aspects, such as advanced technical skills, collaborative communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability.  

Innovative electrochemical CO2 Conversion to Versatile Feedstock

ICO2NIC will couple developments in polymer membrane-based CO2 capture technology with a novel Gas Diffusion electrochemical cell for CO2 to formic acid conversion. Valorisation of formic acid via innovative biological processing routes will deliver high value products and materials.  By making CCU (carbon capture and utilization) profitable, the ICO2NIC approach will enable global emitters to capture and valorise waste CO2, paving the way for a significant reduction in global emissions. The ICO2NIC consortium will form a complete value chain, from CO2 emitter (TUPRAS), to end users (TUPRAS, P&G), inclusive of carbon capture and purification (CPT), electrochemical conversion (AVT), and downstream processing (B.Fab, NPI). This industrial representation will enable validation of an integrated business model that has the potential to deliver a viable economic model for all parties (without external financial aid). Leading RTOs will support the integration of RES through digital monitoring and control systems (IDE), and confirm the cost efficiency, environmental performance and scalability of the proposed concept through development of a robust TEA and process design (SINTEF) and LCA (TNO); paving the way for capture of 6.45 Mt of CO2 from TUPRAS’ refineries by 2040, and up to 75 Mtpa CO2 in the EU refinery sector in the long term. 

Breaching the boundaries of safety and intelligence in autonomous systems with risk-based rationality

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

Prosjektet CO2SafeQuest har som mål å forbedre risikovurderingen av CO2-lagringsprosjekter, noe som gjør det mulig å akselerere og sikre oppskalering av CCS-prosjekter. Arbeidsflytene og verktøyene i dette prosjektet vil hjelpe industrien med å vurdere CO2-lagring og etablere trygge injeksjonsforhold. Usikkerheter er knyttet til forståelse av forkastninger og takbergarten og hvordan de forsegler over tid. For å forhindre lekkasjeproblemer i fremtiden og sikre trygg lagring, er det derfor viktig å forstå forkastningsgeometrien og egenskapene i undergrunnen. Det er nødvendig å bygge bro mellom forskjellige skalaer av studier fra eksperimenter til feltanaloger og seismikk og til slutt reservoarskala. Dette tverrfaglige og innovative prosjektet samler eksperter fra akademia, forskningsinstitutter og industri for å utvikle nye datasett, forbedre de nåværende hydromekaniske modellene, identifisere usikkerhetene og vurdere risikoene. Derfor vil prosjektet bidra til å redusere risikoen ved CO2-lagring og åpne nye potensielle lagringsmuligheter, og til slutt bane vei for utviklingen av CO2-lagring i megatonskala innen midten av 2030.

CO2SafeQuest project aims at providing the workflows and the characterization and simulation tools needed to
enhance fault behavior and risk assessment in CO2 storage evaluation, allowing to target more complex reservoir
and so, accelerate and secure CCS projects scale-up. These workflows and tools will help industry to enhance the
CO2 storage evaluation and operation design.
To reach the overall objectives of the project, it is needed to set a bridge between the gap between different scales
of fault study by providing suitable data and statistical correlations, and identify suitable hydromechanical models
for faults at industrial CCS scale. This, to assess impact of uncertainties and quantify phenomenological impacts
and leakage risk at reservoir scale, provide guidelines on fault modeling in an industrial CCS context and on how to
calibrate model parameters based on geophysical measurements, laboratory data and analogue outcrop data.
This project targets the CO2 storage part of the Call Module CM2023-04 on Carbon capture, utilization and storage
(CCUS). Unravelling faults properties and behavior in CO2 geological storage is mandatory to “faster scale up of
CCS technologies and at lower risk” and “minimizing or avoiding adverse impact on human health and the
environment of CO2 storage”, this will be done in this project through the development of innovative integrated
workflows addressing the long term confinement of CO2 in faulted sandstone porous media. This project, through
enhancing the CO2 storage derisking and opening new potential storage prospects, will participate to pave the way
for the development of megaton scale CO2 storage by mid 2030.

CETP - Unravelling Faults properties and behavior for CO2 geological storage

MYCOBUILD har som mål å lage miljøvennlige byggematerialer med forbedrede termiske egenskaper. Vi vil kun bruke bio-baserte materialer i våre komposittmaterialer. Disse vil inneholde mycelium (den rotlignende delen av sopp), fibre produsert fra tre, og bio-baserte faseovergangsmaterialer (bioPCMr). BioPCM kan lagre energi i form av varme ved å ta opp energi når det er varmt, og frigjøre varmen når det blir kaldere. Vi ønsker å forbedre varmelagring samtidig som vi opprettholder materialstyrke, holdbarhet og lydisolasjon. Vi vil også benytte en digitale verktøy, livssyklusanalyse (LCA) for bærekraft, sirkularitet og sikkerhet, samt analyse av sosioøkonomiske effekter og interessentengasjement.

MYCOBUILD, an innovative bio-based project, targets transforming the construction sector with sustainable materials offering thermal energy storage. It aligns with Europe's 2050 climate-neutral goals, focusing on bio-based, multifunctional materials for an eco-friendly market impact. MYCOBUILD's core is bio-based phase change materials (bioPCMs) in lignocellulosic fibres,
using fungal mycelia to create superior thermal property bio-composites. It progresses from conceptual proof (TRL3) to industrial demonstration (TRL6), meeting CETPartnership's 2023-06 “Heating and Cooling Technologies” call. The project leverages lignocellulosic structures as bioPCM storage for energy-efficient building products. Aiming to enhance thermal storage while maintaining material strength, durability, and sound insulation, the project spans from product development to construction models in key technologies (TRL6). Objectives include benchmarking, optimizing bioPCM integration, producing fungal bio-binders, demonstrating wallboard materials, and evaluating energy-saving constructions in various European countries. It also involves a digital integration approach, ex-ante life cycle assessment for sustainability, circularity, and safety, alongside socio-economic impact analysis and stakeholder engagement

CETP - Innovative bio-based building materials with thermal energy storage function

Open-Source Proxy Tool for CO2 Injection and Storage Modeling - Sustainable Utilization of the Norwegian Continental Shelf

Geological CO2 sequestration has gotten a lot of attention as a potential technical solution for decreasing human carbon emissions to the environment. Numerical reservoir simulation (NRS) has been conventionally used to model subsurface reservoirs and employed in uncertainty analysis, optimization, and decision-making. One of the challenges associated with NRS is the computational efforts required to model complex reservoir systems. Therefore, fast proxy models are suggested for quick predictions. Although several studies have been conducted about the CO2 injection & storage (CIS) process, there still exists a research gap in developing a fast tool for monitoring and performance prediction of a safe CIS project. This research project aims to develop an open-access smart tool to predict the performance of CIS with satisfactory accuracy in the mature fields of the Norwegian Continental Shelf, considering geochemical & geomechanical (GCGM) aspects. The uncertainty parameters will be the underground rock and fluid properties, operational constraints of the CO2 injection, and GCGM parameters. The target parameters include net CO2 storage, ultimate oil recovery from miscible CO2 injection, & cumulative production of gaseous CO2. The risk of CO2 leakage through induced fractures/faults should be considered by considering the effect of GCGM parameters on CIS. The effect of GCGM parameters on such processes will be useful in CO2 leakage risk quantification, making the proxy model more realistic. Machine learning tools, such as PINN, ANN, SVR, and XGBoost, will be applied to the simulated data set to digitalize the CIS process efficiently. The developed proxy model will be validated with a synthetic truth model. Lastly, the novel proxy model will be added as a separate module to MRST - an open-access software. This integration offers researchers and industry professionals an openly accessible, fast & accurate proxy model to streamline the initial evaluation of CIS projects.

Senter for barn og unge og sosial beredskap

Midlene fra PROFESJON-Forskningskompetanse for utvalgte profesjonsutdanninger fordelt på år

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Professor

Despite Norway's high level of prosperity and good social services, many children and young people live in vulnerable situations. Many are also at risk of dropping out of school and social communities. The Centre for Children and Youth and Social Preparedness brings together research, education, and practice to address these societal challenges, also involving children and young people in research design, exploration, data analysis and dissemination. Focusing on vulnerable life situations and social preparedness, the interdisciplinary centre draws attention to social rather than individual vulnerability factors. 
Social preparedness is about developing an understanding of the social glue in society, mobilising resources in the public sector and in civil society and creating schemes that counteract exclusion. These can be critical incidents in everyday life, such as bullying or abuse, or major events that are critical to society, such as the corona epidemic. 
The centre will generate knowledge about social preparedness as an approach to early intervention for children and young people in vulnerable life situations. We will contribute knowledge about how ‘co-operation’ and ‘vulnerability’ have been defined, understood, and applied.
Furthermore, we will contribute knowledge about how the school, together with the child, the family, the local community, and public actors, can establish early social preparedness to identify and provide support to those who are at risk of experiencing exclusion.
Together with students, a number of actors in the field of practice and our international collaboration network, we will develop and test research-based collaboration models and emergency response exercises across subjects, disciplines, services, and sectors. The idea is that this knowledge can be used to improve both practices and systems and form the basis for developing teaching programmes that can strengthen both professional education and practices.

Despite the relatively high wealth and robust social services in Norway, more Norwegian children and youth (C&Y) live in vulnerable situations than we might or should expect. Poverty is one factor that increases vulnerability, as does domestic and sexual abuse, and bullying and exclusion in school. C&Y who have endured these adverse contexts and conditions have a greater incidence of contact with child welfare services, of becoming juvenile crime offenders, and of being over-represented among those with low school performance. This proposal aims to establish a research centre that will coalesce its efforts in research, education, and practice to respond to these prevailing social challenges. By focusing on "children and youth in vulnerable life situations" rather than "vulnerable youth" we aim to refocus attention onto social, rather than individual, factors of vulnerability. Rather than treating vulnerability as a static concept, we start from a rigorous examination of how it has been defined, applied, and understood both institutionally and by C&Y themselves, by involving C&Y in both research design, exploration, data- analysis and dissemination. The PrepChild centre will focus on public social preparedness and the need to prevent marginalisation by redeveloping and optimising the conditions – in domestic spheres, educational arenas, social & digital domains, and local communities – of the lives of C&Y. Doing so effectively, however, requires more rigorous and critically informed collaboration between sectors & institutions, and our centre begins from an analysis of how 'collaboration' and 'vulnerability' have been engaged, understood, misunderstood, and misapplied. 
The PrepChild centre will become the hub for a nexus of research, education, and practice on social preparedness that can be applied through up-to-date training & exercises and collaboration across subjects, disciplines, services, & sectors.

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