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Kystområder og strender i Øst- og Sørøst-Asia står overfor flere utfordringer i dag. De opplever erosjon og tap av arter som følge av avskoging, utbygging av infrastruktur og tropiske stormer, som blir sterkere og hyppigere på grunn av klimaendringer. De sliter også med problemer som omfattende plastforurensning, masseturisme, overfiske og giftig avfall. Coastal Lives in Flux (CLiF) fokuserer på disse kystområdene, menneskene som bor der, og reaksjonene deres på disse utfordringene. Folk som lever her kan miste inntekt eller oppleve helse- og sikkerhetsrisikoer som følge av miljøproblemene, men de er ikke bare passive ofre. De er også kreative aktører som finner nyskapende løsninger eller, i det minste, måter å takle utfordringene på. De finner for eksempel nye inntektskilder som økoturisme, etablerer sosiale bevegelser for å protestere mot ødeleggende byggeprosjekter, eller bruker kunst og ritualer for å vise tilstedeværelse og kulturell identitet. 

CLiF studerer noen av disse initiativene gjennom dyptgående etnografisk feltarbeid i Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam og Filippinene. Prosjektet stiller spørsmålene: Hvordan påvirkes kystsamfunn i Asia i dag av miljøproblemer som klimaendringer, plastforurensning, erosjon og tap av biologisk mangfold? Hvilken virkning har infrastrukturprosjekter som sjømurer, naturvern og turistutvikling på disse samfunnene? Og hvordan håndterer folk slike utfordringer gjennom sosiale og kulturelle aktiviteter? 

CLiF bygger på teorier og innsikter fra flere fagfelt, blant annet antropologi, politisk økologi, utviklingsstudier, religionsvitenskap, asiatiske områdestudier og miljøhumaniora. Prosjektet vil utvikle nye teorier som kan bygge bro mellom noen av disse feltene. Prosjektet har en sterkt samarbeidsorientert karakter, med felles feltarbeid, medforfatterskap i publikasjoner og inkludering av lokalsamfunn i akademisk forskning og skriving.

Coasts and beaches in East and Southeast Asia are among the places where the impact of the Anthropocene is at its most visible. Coastal Lives in Flux (CLiF) focuses on these coastal regions, the people who live there, and their responses to environmental problems such as climate change, plastic pollution, the loss of companion species, and intrusive infrastructural interventions. Throughout the region, people have found ways to navigate and adapt to these challenges, turning coastal regions into places not only of risk and loss but also of creativity and reinvention – through the creation of new livelihoods, the emergence of new movements for environmental and social justice, or the resurgence of cultural practices such as rituals and storytelling. CLiF studies some of these responses through in-depth ethnographic research, conducted in Indonesia, Japan, Vietnam, and the Philippines. It asks: How are coastal communities in Asia today affected by environmental problems such as climate change, plastic pollution, erosion, and biodiversity loss? What is the impact of infrastructural or political interventions such as seawalls, nature conservation projects, and tourist development upon these communities? And how do members of these communities adapt to, navigate, and resist such crises, risks, and interventions? Building upon insights from a variety of disciplines, CLiF will contribute to three bodies of theory in particular: 1) theories from political ecology and anthropology on liminal spaces and "sacrifice zones"; 2) environmental humanities theories on more-than-human landscapes and "wet ontologies"; and 3) new approaches in religious studies to the study of ritual and ecology. Methodologically speaking, CLiF rests on in-depth ethnographic research, complemented with historical and literature research. The project has a strongly collaborative character, involving collective fieldwork, coauthored publications, and the inclusion of local interlocutors and stakeholders.

Coastal Lives in Flux: Environmental Crisis, Resistance, and Ritual Innovation Across Asia (CLiF)

De jordiske planetene (Jorden og Mars, for eksempel) antas å ha blitt dannet gjennom en prosess kjent som kollisjonsakkresjon, der de vokser i store fusjoner og delvise fusjoner og nesten-fusjoner. Tanken er at Jorden ble bygget opp av ~10 Mars-store planeter, der hver sammenslåing er mer voldsom enn den forrige. Kollisjonsakkresjon er utrolig rotete og komplisert, spesielt når man tenker på at gigantiske nedslag skjer rundt en sentral stjerne, i vårt tilfelle Solen. Ikke-akkrederte rester og "hit-and-run"-overlevende etter gigantiske nedslag fortsetter å gå i bane rundt Solen, så det er ikke ferdig; disse delene vil sannsynligvis møtes igjen, eller kollidere med andre nærliggende planeter. Rester av det månedannende gigantiske nedslaget havnet for eksempel på Venus, og ikke i små mengder heller: over 10 km med ny skorpe ifølge realistiske estimater. Hva ville dette ha gjort med Venus' geologi?

Disse og andre relaterte spørsmål motiverer studien: å konstruere detaljerte modeller av gigantiske nedslag, og like detaljerte modeller av dynamisk utvikling av rester av disse kollisjonene i det jordiske planetsystemet, for å sette kvantitative begrensninger på dannelsen av jordiske planeter i vår eget system, or lage prediksjoner for andre systemer. For eksempel finnes det et halvt dusin eller flere omstridte hypoteser om månedannelse, og disse vil alle bli studert med tanke på de uoppsamlede restene og avfallet de produserer, for å anvende begrensninger, som den mest grunnleggende, at tilbakevendende avfall ikke kan ødelegge månen etter at den er dannet. Dette virker usannsynlig, men noen modeller produserer flere månemasser, eller tilsvarende 100 hovedasteroidebelter av materiale, som går i bane rundt solen i en lignende avstand som det splitter nye jord-måne-systemet. Prosjektet er å studere sånne problemer, og vil utdanne to postdoktorer og tilby et sommerforskningsprogram med offentlig formidling i midten av prosjektets år.

Motivated by decades of dynamical and collisional modeling, and the petrology and geochemistry of the Earth, Moon and meteorites, giant impacts are thought to represent the final epoch of terrestrial planet formation, a "late stage'" lasting ~100 million years, when dozens or hundreds of massive protoplanets collided violently, and successively accreted, forming the four inner planets and their moons. This transformative epoch can potentially explain the missing mantle of Mercury, the dichotomy of Mars, inhospitable Venus, and Earth with its unique, massive Moon. It can generally explain the diversity of planet formation. The origin of the Moon is the most familiar scenario, but the late stage was system-wide, which is the thesis of our project. In the standard model of Moon formation, about one lunar mass of material escaped into orbit around the Sun. The Earth and Moon would have been hit by most of that, in a few Myr. What did this do to the Moon? Venus would have been hit by most of the rest, adding ~10 km to its crust. As for Mercury, this is a planet of mostly iron, and has its own list of giant impact theories. A giant impact into Mercury or into Venus, if postdating Moon formation, would have left signatures on the Earth and Moon. Mars probably also had a giant impact, to explain its dichotomy and its small moons. Each giant impact hypothesis is supported by simulations, but these simulations also reveal contradictions between models and data, for example overturning the standard model of Earth-Moon formation, and given rise to a plethora of competing theories. We propose to develop a new capacity to constrain them. We will simulate giant impact scenarios at high resolution, and then use a machine-learning tool trained on our giant impact simulations to evolve their aftermath to late time, using N-body to establish what Gene Shoemaker called the "interplanetary correlation of geologic time," making each theory geologically predictive and therefore testable.

GIANTS: Giant Impact Accretion of Terrestrial Systems

Tenk deg å skulle forklare hva en tro eller betydningen av en setning egentlig er. Vi bruker disse tingene hele tiden—når vi sier «jeg tror det blir regn», eller når vi forstår en spøk—men de viser seg å være overraskende vanskelige for vitenskapen å gripe. Selv enkle ideer kan lure teoriene våre. To setninger kan alltid være sanne i de samme situasjonene, men likevel bety helt forskjellige ting. Og når vi prøver å modellere disse forskjellene, støter vi ofte på paradokser.

Dette prosjektet henter inn en overraskende helt fra dype lag av matematikken: en teknikk som kalles forcing. Forcing lar matematikere bygge nye “virtuelle” verdener for å utforske hva som kan være sant eller falskt i dem. Det har forandret vår forståelse av uendelighet og grunnlaget for matematikken. Men det har aldri blitt brukt til å forstå betydning—før nå.

Prosjektets hovedidé er denne: i stedet for å behandle utsagn som bare sanne eller falske, gir vi dem større spillerom. Vi lar sannhet komme i mange nyanser, slik at vi kan fange små, men viktige forskjeller i betydning, tro eller informasjon. Disse sannhetsnyansene bygges med kraftige matematiske verktøy som opprinnelig ble utviklet for å studere mengdenes univers.

Med denne tilnærmingen håper vi å skape et nytt og solid grunnlag for å studere betydning, tanke og informasjon—et grunnlag som unngår gamle paradokser og avslører nye sammenhenger. Prosjektet befinner seg i skjæringspunktet mellom filosofi, logikk og matematikk, og har som mål å åpne et nytt kapittel i forståelsen av ideene som former vår tenkning.

This project explores how powerful mathematical techniques can help us better understand complex ideas central to human thought, such as belief, meaning, knowledge, and information. These so-called intensional entities are crucial across philosophy, linguistics, psychology, and computer science—but traditional approaches often struggle to represent them precisely, especially when small differences in meaning matter.

To address this, the project applies a groundbreaking method from mathematical logic—known as forcing—to build a new, unified framework for modeling intensional entities. Originally developed to study different possible mathematical universes, forcing provides a highly flexible structure that we aim to adapt to philosophical and semantic questions. 

The main objectives are:

(1) to develop a robust semantic framework capable of capturing fine-grained distinctions in meaning,
(2) to apply this framework to longstanding problems involving belief, knowledge, and truth, and
(3) to investigate the broader philosophical implications of using these mathematical tools to understand thought and reasoning.

The project combines methods from logic, philosophy, and mathematics, and includes both theoretical development and conceptual analysis. A key challenge is ensuring that the framework remains expressive and precise without leading to paradoxes—a common issue in theories of meaning.  By uniting formal techniques with philosophical inquiry, the project aims to make a substantial contribution to foundational research, offering new tools and perspectives for logic, language, and cognition.

Intensionality and Forcing: A New Model-Theoretic Synthesis

Democracies in the Climate Crisis: Redefining Citizenship and Statehood in Sinking States

RESIST will be the first research to redefine our current legal categories of citizenship and statehood in the extreme case of sea level rise submerging the whole territory of a state. The international community has no experience in managing the disappearance of whole territorial states as a result of environmental disruptions, nor has it designed international legal norms to account for such an eventuality. In this view, RESIST first examines a real-world case, namely the unique case study of Tuvalu, where recent constitutional amendments (2023) have innovated the notion of statehood in light of the impacts of climate change or other causes resulting in loss to its physical territory. More specifically, Tuvalu is the first State to introduce a novel definition of statehood in its Constitution that does not require physical territory as a necessary condition for being recognized as an independent state. Second, it shows the shortcomings of these current legal categories in tackling present and future challenges deriving from the climate crisis and climate-induced migration in particular.Third, it develops alternative and/or broader understandings of citizenship and statehood to better cope with these challenges.Finally,it formulates policy recommendations for how to address the challenge of climate-induced migration of whole states and states that lose a significant part of their territory in a fair manner. The main goal of RESIST is to equip democracies with new conceptual and legal instruments to prevent climate emergencies from being tackled in a way that violates basic human rights. Such a goal is achieved through the following methodology: literature review and legal mapping exercise conducted through the research desk over open-access documents, collection of further contributions through a Special Issue, and semi-structured interviews conducted during a secondment in Australia at the Australian National University College of Law and fieldwork in Tuvalu.

To improve predictions of how plants may persist or disappear from ecosystems, we urgently need improved understanding of how climate change affects a critical and vulnerable plant life-history stage and transition–seeds and seed recruitment. Seed ecology is a growing discipline, yet it lacks some of the recent standardised methods and centralised resources of other plant sciences, such as the core databases and methodological handbooks that have spurred plant functional trait innovation since the early 2000s.  Alpine areas can provide a glimpse of our future under climate change because they are warming faster than global averages and because alpine ecosystems are temperature-limited and hence more vulnerable to warming. Long-term warming experiments demonstrate that this vulnerability can alter vegetation structure, which in turn may change vegetation function, particularly carbon cycling. To predict which plants will persist, we need better data and frameworks for understanding how seeds and seed recruitment in the alpine respond to warmer climates.  I will (1) publish a standardised handbook of core seed trait measurements, (2) collect new trait data from seed collections and harmonise existing datasets to form a publicly accessible alpine seed trait database, (3) establish a functional trait-based framework of seed ecology, and (4) experimentally test how seeds respond to warming as a demonstration of how these new resources can rapidly expand our understanding of climate change effects on seed ecology.

Using seed functional traits to understand and predict alpine plant responses to global climate change

3D Imaging of Conductance Networks at the Nanoscale

Beyond classical devices, functional material, such as ferroic materials, hold great promise for future nanoelectronic device concepts, enabling faster, smarter and more energy efficient computation. This new generation of materials develops in the direction of increased system complexity, and often involves complex 3D structures at the nanoscale with atomically sharp interfaces. The progress is catalyzed by the ability to resolve their properties at the relevant length scales, an increasingly difficult task.  As an MSCA fellow, Dr. Kasper Hunnestad will integrate migration, an existing computational method in geophysics, to conductive atomic force miscopy (cAFM). cAFM is typically limited to surface conductance measurements, whereas migration is a powerful technique employed for converting surface acquisitions of seismic data to subsurface 3D images. With Dr. Hunnestad’s background in both material science and geophysics, he can effectively develop this multidisciplinary method and exploit it to reveal 3D transport properties of exotic topological states in functional oxides.  To begin the research, a two-year research stay at the University of Canterbury will enable two primary objectives: i)	Develop the computational method migration for cAFM purposes ii)	Perform experiments on materials hosting exotic topological states with technological potential.  In the return phase at the University of Oslo, the technique will be benchmarked against established electrical characterization techniques, leading to the final objective: iii)	Correlate quantitative electrical measurements to the cAFM data  The research will pave the way for future investigations of 3D systems, largely expanding other researchers capabilities to understand their materials. Furthermore, it will strengthen Dr. Hunnestad’s network and competence, bringing him in contact with experts in the relevant scientific disciplines: ferroic materials, computational methods and electrical characterization.

The oceans are losing oxygen due to climate change. Among the largest impacts of oxygen loss may be in altering the behavior of zooplankton, the small animals that play a central role in marine ecosystems: as prey, predators, and carbon-flux mediators. The expansion of low-oxygen zones in deep waters may decrease the depth to which zooplankton migrate on a daily and seasonal basis. This change in their migratory behavior would impact the foraging success of their predators as well as reduce the ability of zooplankton to export carbon out of surface waters. O2ZOOM examines how the migratory behavior of krill, a key zooplankton species, is modified by low oxygen in a fjord habitat, and the ramifications for the global carbon pump, through a combination of novel acoustic observations, incubation experiments, and computational models. In O2ZOOM, I will 1) Investigate behavioral changes in krill in response to low oxygen through laboratory incubation experiments 2) Determine the migratory response of krill to low oxygen in a Norwegian fjord using novel acoustic techniques 3) Quantify the effect of low oxygen-induced behavioral changes in krill on carbon export in an individual-based model. O2ZOOM will produce a nuanced picture of the behavioral responses of krill to low oxygen, which would help disentangle the still-unquantified consequences of low oxygen for ecologically important fjord ecosystems, deep-ocean habitats, and, more broadly, the global carbon pump. Furthermore, through O2ZOOM, I will further develop my technical expertise (e.g. in acoustic tracking, advanced modeling, biogeochemistry analysis), expand my scientific network, and increase the impact of my research, steering my career towards answering big-picture questions on the cutting-edge of interdisciplinary ecology.

Impacts of ocean oxygen loss on zooplankton behavior and the carbon cycle

Towards Matching Bounds for Large Deviations

The proposed project considers the problem of finding matching bounds for dynamical large deviations of natural models in statistical physics and fluid mechanics. In a random system with a deterministic limit, dynamical large deviations describe the exponential decay of probability that the system is close to a trajectory different from the deterministic limit; classic works by Kipnis- Olla-Varadhan and Kipnis-Landim study such bounds. However, in many interesting cases, the available upper and lower bounds only agree when restricted to sufficiently regular trajectories.  Recent developments give the problem of investigating the matching bounds new momentum. On the positive side, Fehrman-Gess reached an important milestone in matching bounds for hydrodynamic limits by analysis of a PDE, and proved matching bounds for a family of SPDEs related to hydrodynamic limits. On the negative side, my previous work identified a case where the naïve bound is not sharp, related the existence of spurious solutions violating the energy identity. We will capitalise on these recent developments to identify cases where the expected rate function does, and does not, capture all interesting phenomena.  The project will be divided into two parts, taking these recent developments as a jumping off point. The first part will concern two examples where we expect to find matching bounds, while the second part investigates (anticipated) deviations from the classical theory. In WP1, we will investigate wide-reaching generalisations of Fehrman-Gess theory, in WP1a to the more challenging case of systems of equations, and in WP1b to rougher scaling regimes via the renormalisation group. In WP2, we will investigate one model which connects the existing counterexample to the derivation of turbulence from molecular dynamics, and another model in which we hypothesise that the violation of a key technical estimate leads to behaviour different from what is predicted in the literature.

The Arctic is warming at an unprecedented rate, leading to rapid glacier retreat and accelerated melting of the Greenland Ice Sheet. This has far-reaching consequences: rising sea levels, changing ocean geochemistry, and the amplification of global warming. Environmental and socioeconomic effects are already becoming evident, extending from the mid- to high latitudes. Nevertheless, uncertainties in the outcomes and severity of these changes persist due to our limited understanding of long-term glacier dynamics and their natural variability. Such can be gained from marine sedimentary records, given reliable proxies are available. GMPro will establish a novel biogeochemical indicator for past glacial meltwater discharge, based on barium-to-calcium ratios (Ba/Ca) in shells of benthic foraminifera. Combining modern calibrations and paleo studies in two key Arctic regions (Greenland, Svalbard), this project will (1a) establish barium pathways in fjords across spatial and temporal gradients of glacier melting and (1b) trace barium uptake into foraminifera shells using state-of-the-art micro-analytical techniques; (2) validate the new proxy against multiple established glaciological and oceanographical indicators; and (3) unlock histories of Arctic deglaciation under past, warm(-er than today) climates. The outcomes will enhance our understanding of glacier dynamics under a changing climate, and form the foundation for refining climate models, predicting future changes and supporting evidence-based adaptation strategies. Through GMPro, I will gain skills and experience in Arctic paleoclimatology and -oceanography, receive focused training in research leadership and management, and build an extensive network for future collaborations. These combined will be my steppingstone to becoming an interdisciplinary, independent and leading researcher within Arctic paleoclimatology and geochemistry.

Arctic glacier melting in warming climates: a new biogeochemical proxy for glacial discharge using Ba/Ca in benthic foraminifera

Bare en liten del av DNA blir til enhver tid transkribert og omgjort til fungerende molekyler, eller med andre ord, blir uttrykt. Friske celler har god kontroll over hvilke områder som er uttrykt, men kreftceller mister denne kontrollen så de kan vokse ukontrollert. Interessant nok fører dette til at kreftceller uttrykker et spesifikt molekyl kalt dobbeltrådet RNA. Dobbeltrådet RNA blir vanligvis bare laget av virus, så det er overraskende at dobbeltrådet RNA blir uttrykt fra vårt eget genom. Når dobbeltrådet RNA uttrykkes i kreftceller, kan det oppdages av immunsystemet og aktivere mekanismer som normalt brukes til å drepe celler infisert av virus. Å finne måter å aktivere denne antivirus-responsen i kreftceller er derfor en interessant tilnærming for fremtidig kreftbehandling.

Et problem er at vi ikke har gode verktøy for å måle dobbeltrådet RNA presist. I dette prosjektet vil vi utvikle en ny metode som kan måle dobbeltrådet RNA mer presist enn tidligere. Vi vil bruke metoden til å kartlegge dobbeltrådet RNA i det menneskelige genomet og måle dobbeltrådet RNA direkte i vev fra pasienter med tykktarmskreft og i nærliggende normalt vev. Disse målingene vil lære oss hvordan uttrykket av dobbeltrådet RNA endres når kreft utvikler seg og hvordan det varierer mellom pasientgrupper.

Vi vil også dyrke tarmorganoider fra pasienter for å modellere kreftbiologien. Tarmorganoider er «mini-tarmer». Disse små celleklumpene er dyrket i en gelé og inneholder mange av celletypene som finnes i tarmen, noe som gjør at vi kan studere tarmvevet i et kontrollert miljø. Vi vil derfor bruke organoidene sammen med vår nye metode for å måle dobbeltrådet RNA for å teste om bestemte legemidler kan indusere uttrykk av dobbeltrådet RNA. Sammen med våre målinger av dobbeltrådet RNA i kreftbiopsier vil dette prosjektet gjøre oss i stand til å forstå hvordan dobbeltrådet RNA uttrykkes i kreft, og hvordan vi kan utnytte det for å behandle kreft i fremtiden.

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a feature of viral replication and can be sensed by innate immune receptors. Interestingly, disruptions in cellular pathways in cancer can lead to induction of endogenous dsRNA from our own genome which can activate innate immune receptors and lead to the death of cancer cells. A major challenge in the field is the lack of precise  methods to measure dsRNA. We are therefore developing a novel method that can measure dsRNA with single molecule resolution and describe its properties. In this project, we will use this method to describe the dsRNA landscape in colorectal cancer. These results will demonstrate a new cutting edge-method to measure dsRNA and provide knowledge for the future therapeutic exploitation of endogenous dsRNA for cancer treatment.

Initially, we will describe regions in the human reference genome that can give endogenous dsRNA. Through collaboration with clinical partners we will also apply our novel method to measure dsRNA in tissue from colorectal cancer patients and adjacent normal tissue. This will be the first precise measurement of endogenous dsRNA in cancer. Based on the in detail dsRNA measurement, we will also develop a simplified dsRNA metric to estimate endogenous dsRNA in public datasets. This will allow us to estimate dsRNA levels as colorectal cancer progresses, variations across colorectal cancer subgroups, and impact of treatment on dsRNA levels. Finally, we have established protocols to grow intestinal organoids derived from colorectal cancer patients. We will treat these intestinal organoids with potential dsRNA inducing drugs to discover novel pathways that can be used to induce endogenous dsRNA. 

As our method is a computational pipeline based upon commercially available reagents, we expect our method to be readily taken up by other researchers in the field. Ultimately, the data from this project will contribute to future development of cancer treatments targeting endogenous dsRNA.

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FRIPROSJEKT-FRIPROSJEKT

Coastal Lives in Flux: Environmental Crisis, Resistance, and Ritual Innovation Across Asia (CLiF)

Tildelt: kr 12,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2026-2030

Sted: Oslo - Oslove

FRIPROSJEKT-FRIPROSJEKT

GIANTS: Giant Impact Accretion of Terrestrial Systems

Tildelt: kr 12,0 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2026-2031

Sted: Oslo - Oslove

FRIPROSJEKT-FRIPROSJEKT

Intensionality and Forcing: A New Model-Theoretic Synthesis

Tildelt: kr 6,9 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2026-2030

Sted: Oslo - Oslove

MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Democracies in the Climate Crisis: Redefining Citizenship and Statehood in Sinking States

Tildelt: kr 2,9 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2026-2028

Sted: Oslo - Oslove

MSCA-Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA)

Using seed functional traits to understand and predict alpine plant responses to global climate change

Tildelt: kr 2,9 mill.

Prosjektperiode: 2026-2028

Sted: Vestland