Quartz Enrichment Enabling Near-Zero Silicon Production

The QUEEN project, with its strong consortium of participants from eight countries, addresses a significant challenge - EU's heavy reliance on external sources for critical raw materials, especially metallurgical silicon (MG-Si). Currently, over 80% of MG-Si, vital for high-tech applications and EU's sustainability ambitions, is imported mainly from China. QUEEN aims to exploit an underutilized resource; quartz sand from European quarries, to domestically produce MG-Si in a sustainable and efficient way. The unique approach combines raw material extraction and refinement with an environmental focus, leveraging waste materials in the process. This strategy is projected to bolster EU's MG-Si production capacity, foster sector-specific innovation, and advance eco-friendly practices. The QUEEN project's overall objective is to create an environmentally friendly process for producing metallurgical silicon (MG-Si) from quarry sands, with near-zero CO2 emissions. This transformational approach could turn any EU quartz quarry into a potential MG-Si reservoir. Moreover, the technologies developed could be adapted to other materials. The technical objective is to devise a new mineralogical separation process based on flotation for quarry sands extraction. This objective aims to pioneer a more effective and greener alternative process for refining high-purity quartz and Potassium Feldspars. Comprising R&D and industry stakeholders from mineral separation and MG-Si refinement fields, the project plans pilot tests at TRL 7. QUEEN aims to cover 56% of MG-Si EU demand by 2032 by recovering more than 300Mt MG-Si from sands, alongside saving about 232,000 Mt CO2 by substituting coal with cleaner materials. Like this, QUEEN aims to support the EU strategic autonomy and sustainability, mirroring its green ambitions.