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The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

Sustainable cultivation of polychaetes as feed in aquaculture

Global oppvarming fører til store endringer i Antarktis; isbreene, is bremmene og havisen smelter; det påvirker havstrømmer og dynamikk i Sørishavet som igjen påvirker de marine økosystemene og deres evne til å absorbere den økte atmosfærisk CO2 som er et resultat av menneskelig aktivitet. Sørishavet er har rike økosystemer hvor planteplankton og isalger effektivt lagrer CO2 gjennom fotosyntese. De nåværende og fremtidige endringene i den fysiske dynamikken i Sørishavet vil spille en stor rolle for fremtiden til marine økosystemer her og dermed evnen til å absorbere CO2.

Dette prosjektet har som mål å etablere et observatorium for biologisk mangfold og økosystemendring for det østlige Weddellhavet / Kong Haakon VII-havet. I denne regionen har det vært begrensede effekter av klimaendringer, men det er nå økende bevis økte miljøforvandling med betydelig innvirkning på biologisk mangfold og funksjonen til økosystemene. Det er begrenset data om økosystemet i dette området. Ved å etablere systematisk overvåkning av økosystemet, vil dagens status for økosystemet og det biologiste mangfoldet sammenlignes med antatte framtidige endringer. Dette vil bidra til å oppnå internasjonale mål for bevaring av marint biologisk mangfold og demping av klimaendringer.

This Biodiversa+ project aims to lay the foundation of a transnational Weddell Sea Observatory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Change (WOBEC) for the Eastern Weddell Sea / King Haakon VII Sea (EWS) in the Southern Ocean. The Weddell Sea plays a key role for global ecosystem services, such as climate regulation and food provision, and hosts many species with conservation status. Acknowledging this unique ecological value, the EU and other members of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) are working towards a Marine Protected Area in the Weddell Sea (WSMPA). In the EWS, there is increasing evidence of a transition from a period of relatively muted climate change into an era of environmental transformation with significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Until present, however, the ecosystem of the EWS has remained notoriously under-studied. By laying the foundations of systematic ecosystem monitoring in the EWS, WOBEC will provide a baseline of the present state of biodiversity and ecosystems against which change can be measured and contribute to a number of transnational goals in marine biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and the post-global biodiversity framework.

Weddell Sea Observatory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Change

BioBoost+-prosjektet vil fremme kostnadseffektiv høyfrekvent prøvetaking og identifikasjon av marine planter og dyr ved å bruke Artificial Intelligence (AI)-teknologi på fotografier og video. Disse metodene vil bli brukt på habitater (sjøgressenger, skalldyrsenger og makroalgekroner), indikatorarter av økologisk og økonomisk betydning (f.eks. fisk, hummer, strandfugl), invasive arter og plankton (grunnlaget for næringsnettet). Ved Nord universitet vil fokus være på automatisering av analyser av dyreplanktonprøver samlet inn årlig i over 40 år, og nyere etablert overvåking av havbunnsfauna og fisk på livestream undersjøisk video i Saltfjord.

Disse dataene er nødvendige for å gi rettidig informasjon om helsen til økosystemene og endringer i biologisk mangfold i sammenheng med fiskeri, klimaendringer og invasive arter. Dette prosjektet i europeisk målestokk involverer åtte organisasjoner og har studiesteder i Middelhavet, Nord- og Norskehavet, inkludert steder med aktiv habitatrestaurering og marine verneområder. De forbedrede metodene vil akselerere tilgjengeligheten av informasjonen for forskere, myndigheter og innbyggere.

BioBoost+ is designed to improve non-invasive, cost-effective, and high-frequency sampling and identification of marine plants and animals by applying state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology with digital imagery including real-time monitoring via camera networks and involvement of citizen science groups. These methods are applied to a wide range of taxa, from habitat-forming species (seagrass meadows, shellfish beds, and macroalgal canopies), indicator species of ecological and economic importance (e.g., coastal fish, lobsters, shorebirds), invasive species, and understudied groups (from microscopic, free-floating animals to rare fish). BioBoost+ enhances biodiversity monitoring within European regional seas from the Mediterranean, North and Norwegian Seas to support ongoing conservation interventions such as active habitat restoration projects and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Improved biodiversity monitoring will allow a better understanding of large-scale phenomena, such as thresholds, regime shifts and species invasions in vulnerable ecosystems, improve the capacity to predict the impacts of multiple stressors, and to develop better indicators of marine ecosystem health.

Boosting the Frequency and Scale of Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Using Digital Imagery and Artificial Intelligence

I Norge har det vært en økende trend til å benytte regnbueørret (Oncorhynchus mykiss) i oppdrett på grunn av dens raske vekst og toleranse for et bredt spekter av miljøforhold. I dag utgjør regnbueørret 5 % av den årlige produksjon av laksefisk i Norge. Produksjonen har økt med 14 % det siste tiåret, dvs. fra 14453 til 85233 tonn, noe som gjør regnbueørret til den nest mest produserte arten etter atlantisk laks. Til tross for den store interessen er oppdrett av regnbueørret begrenset på grunn av ulike produksjonsutfordringer. Næringen er bl.a avhengig av sesongbasert rognproduksjon. En utfordring er redusert tilgang på rogn i perioden fra juni til oktober, hvilket resulterer i en 5-måneders periode uten tilgang på stor settefisk, fra mars til juni året etter. Videre er forståelsen av hvordan ulike miljøfaktorer initierer og påvirker utviklingen av sjøvannstoleranse dårlig dokumentert. Bl.a. er overføring til sjøvann basert på kroppsstørrelse i stedet for osmoregulatorisk kapasitet. Av den grunn kan settefisken møte ulike helse og velferds utfordringer etter overføring til sjøvann, noe som kan forklare økende dødelighet (rundt 10 %) og høy forekomst av taper fisk (rundt 10 %) i sjøanleggene. Denne utfordringen påfører oppdrettere betydelige økonomiske tap og representerer et velferdsproblem.
I Sande-prosjektet har vi som mål å utvikle nye produksjonsprotokoller for regnbueørret, fra rogn til stor settefisk, basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme og vannkvalitet. En kritisk faktor i prosjektet vil være testing og validering av nye oppdrettsprosedyrer for å kontrollere fiskevekst og utviklingshastighet for å forlenge eller forkorte smoltproduksjonsperioden og tidspunkt for utsetting til sjø. I tillegg vil vi utvikle nye verktøy og analyser for å vurdere smoltkvalitet og tidspunkt for smoltvindu. Denne kunnskapen vil utgjøre en ny biologisk protokoll som tar sikte på å forbedre produksjonen av settefisk av regnbueørret, og som kan leveres til sjøanlegg hele året.

Idéen bak dette prosjektet er å utvikle en sesong uavhengig protokoll (Best Management Practice, BMP) for regnbueørret, fra befruktet rogn til leveringsklar smolt (settefisk), basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme kontroll og styrt vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå), herunder kartlegge konsekvenser på fiskens ytelse, fysiologi, helse og produksjonstid. 
Prosjektet vil innbefatte tre feltforsøk som gjennomføres hos Sande Settefisk. I første forsøk vil effekt av temperatur på tilvekst, helse og kvalitetsutvikling hos regnbueørret i RAS bli kartlagt. Ett sentralt spørsmål vil være; Hvor mye kan vi endre produksjonstiden til ørret i settefiskfasen i vekstintervallet 20 til 400 gr gitt at snitt-temperaturen endres fra 12 til 8?C.  Dette spørsmålet er viktig da en forsinkelse kan benyttes til å dekke perioder hvor oppdretter står uten settefisk som følge av underskudd på egg om våren. Videre vil vi kartlegge hva som er optimalt lysregime under styrt smoltutvikling, herunder gir best smoltkvalitet. Avslutningsvis vil vi undersøke sammenheng mellom variasjon i vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå) på velferd, tilvekst, helse og kvalitet hos regnbueørret. En viktig del av utviklingsarbeidet vil være teste og validere en nyutviklet analyse for vurdering av smoltkvalitet hos regnbueørret (1. Innovasjon). Basert på positive funn og en integrert tolkning av samspillet mellom biologi, drift og vannmiljø, vil vi foreslå analysemetoder og strategier som bedrer fiskens kvalitet og tilvekstpotensial. Kunnskapen vil sammenfattes i en ny biologisk protokoll (BMP, 2. Innovasjon) for optimal sesonguavhengig produksjon av høykvalitets regnbueørret.  I sum vil prosjektet bidra til å sikre en jevn tilgang på settefisk som kan overføres til sjø hele året, og derav styrke oppdrett av regnbueørret i ett bærekraftig fremtidsrettet perspektiv.

Sesonguavhengig produksjon av regnbueørret

Maritim- og offshoreindustrien har etterlyst en mer strukturert metode, som utnytter dagens teknologiske potensial, for å registrere og få tilgang til informasjon om fartøyets skrogtilstand. Utviklingen av en digital tvilling for vurdering av fartøyets skrogtilstand er et svar på dette som har flere fordeler.

Tidligere forskningsresultater har vist at droner tillater trygge,  automatiserte og fleksible fjerninspeksjoner. For å gi droneinspeksjoner en ekstra fordel, bør teknologi for å utføre droneinspeksjon mens fartøyet seiler, og muligheten til å automatisk gjøre tykkelsesmålinger, utvikles. Registrering av inspeksjonsdata fra droner til en digital tvilling er et naturlig neste steg. Gitt tilstrekkelig kvalitet på drone-innsamlede data, i tillegg til effektiv registrering av menneskelig innsamlede data, kan både menneskelige og dronebaserte inspeksjoner gi data til en digital tvilling og komplementere hverandre. Dette kan muliggjøre en mer effektiv overvåkning av skrogtilstand og redusere antall ganger mennesker utsettes for farene ved inspeksjon av trange/innestengte rom.

Ved å samle inn relevante skrogdata er det et potensial for å utnytte historisk informasjon fra en mengde fartøyer til å lage en statistisk modell for å forutsi skrogtilstanden. Dette kan tillate estimering av skrogets tilstand basert på operasjonelle forhold et fartøy har vært utsatt for. I kombinasjon med konstruksjonsmodeller kan dette også brukes til å automatisk lage skroginspeksjonsplaner som prioriterer områder med økt risiko for å ha feil.

Prosjektet ledes av DNV, et ledende klassifikasjonsselskap, i samarbeid med rederiene Altera Infrastructure og Klaveness, som er henholdsvis oljetanker- og lasteskipsoperatører i dette prosjektet, ScoutDI, en inspeksjonsdrone-leverandør, og NTNU gjennom Autonomous Robots Lab ved avdeling for kybernetikk.

The project will develop the concept of a digital twin of the hull condition for assessing the structural integrity and compliance of the physical hull. The digital twin is kept up to date with the physical hull over its lifetime by frequently collecting large amounts of data, in non-intrusive ways that do not interrupt business operations. This enables continuous monitoring and compliance assessment. Autonomous drones collect the data instead of humans to improve personnel safety. Automated damage detection and coating breakdown assessment assists the human expert, leading to improved quality of the structural integrity assessment. The project will enable digital twin-based surveys as industrial standard and realize economic and safety benefits as well as reducing environmental footprint due to reduced need for travels. 

The innovation will lead to improved quality and safety of vessel inspection services, in particular: 
1. Hull condition assessment and continuous compliance decision in a 3D digital twin, a multi-data digital representation of the physical hull based on data such as high-precision point clouds, videos, AIS and weather data. The digital twin also holds location-tagged thickness measurements, history of damages and repairs, and data of sister vessels. 
2. High coverage, high-quality, location-tagged data of the hull compartment, collected frequently by autonomous/automated drones with semantic knowledge of the physical structure. Automated data collection ensures standardized data which improves comparison with historical data. Drone-based collection during sailing or between discharge and loading of cargo causes minimal interruption of business operations. 
3. Automated damage detection in point clouds and videos, automated damage probability predictions based on data in the digital twin, and an automatically generated targeted inspection plan for the drones as well when physical inspections are deemed necessary.

Assessment of ship hull Integrity based on a Digital Twin

Trådløs kommunikasjonsrevolusjon i maritim industri

Scandinavian Reach Technologies leder et banebrytende prosjekt for trådløs kommunikasjon i stålkonstruksjoner, som skip. ScanReach fokuserer på å forbedre sitt produkt for trådløs tilkobling om bord (OWC) for å møte de økende kravene fra den maritime industrien, offshore og havvindindustrien, som raskt går over til digitale og IoT-baserte operasjoner for forbedret effektivitet, sikkerhet og motstandsdyktighet.

Innovativ teknologi: Teknologien er designet for å muliggjøre trådløs kommunikasjon i stål-dominerte miljøer, en kjent utfordring i den maritime sektoren. Denne teknologien baserer seg på lavenergi-radio meshnettverksnoder som muilggjør trådløs datatransport gjennom skip, og baner vei for diverse IoT-applikasjoner som sporing av personell og eiendeler, og integrering av miljøsensorer. Med en industri som beveger seg mot digitale tvillinger, maskinlæring og overvåking av energiforbruk i sanntid, utvikler selskapet neste generasjon av avanserte kommunikasjonsnoder. Disse nodene er ment å håndtere større mengder trådløse data, noe som gjør dem passende for de høyteknologiske kravene til moderne skipsfart.

Fordeler over tradisjonelle systemer: Denne innovasjonen skiller seg ut fra tradisjonelle trådløse løsninger som ofte sliter i tette stålrike skipmiljøer og bruk av kabler. Den fjerner behovet for omfattende og kostbar kabling, noe som fører til en forenklet infrastruktur, enklere installasjon og lavere vedlikeholdskostnader.

Fokus på forskning og utvikling: F&U-arbeidet er fokusert på å utvikle et effektivt og pålitelig trådløst system for maritime industrier. Dette inkluderer å identifisere brukbare frekvenser og protokoller for robust kommunikasjon i ståltunge miljøer, og designe kompakt, energieffektivt utstyr. Prosjektet innebærer en kombinasjon av litteraturgjennomgang, datamodellering, eksperimentell prototyping og felttesting.

This project strives to advance wireless communication in large steel structures, such as ships, improving our existing Onboard Wireless Connectivity (OWC) product. This enhancement will bolster Scandinavian Reach Technologies AS market presence and relevance in the competitive shipping industry. The primary need for this innovation arises from the maritime, offshore, and sea wind industries. These industries are transitioning towards digital and IoT-based operational models for efficiency, safety, and resilience. 

Scandinavian Reach Technologies is at the forefront of addressing this need. Its revolutionary technology enables efficient wireless communication within confined steel environments. It eliminates the need for costly and complex cabling based on an innovative, low-power radio mesh networking node that allows wireless data transport to the gateway/edge computer throughout the mesh network. This technology paves the way for various IoT applications, such as tracking personnel and assets, collecting environmental sensor readings, and integrating other third-party sensors.
 
While the company's current mesh nodes are designed for simple sensor data and limited data volumes, the emerging ambitions for Digital Twins, Machine Learning models, and Real-time Energy Consumption monitoring in the industry have created a demand for high-volume wireless data transport to an internet endpoint. To meet this demand, Scandinavian Reach Technologies AS is dedicated to developing next-generation communication nodes capable of handling large amounts of wireless data in complex steel environments to replace signal cabling entirely.

SteelWave High Volume Wireless Communication Platform for Steel Environments (HWC-SE)

GeoPON-prosjektet tar sikte på å utvikle en 100 % sirkulær pongtong, fri for EPS, ved bruk av en skreddersydd geopolymer betong, og å dokumentere virkningene på ytelse og bærekraft. I tillegg, og for å redusere den totale tettheten til pongtongen, vil prosjektet også se på å erstatte de naturlige tilslagene i betongskallet med et sirkulært lett tilslag med lavt eller nøytralt karbonavtrykk, laget av avgang fra gruveindustrien og resirkulerte materialer fra industrien, . Som sådan vil innovasjonen føre til design av et nytt produkt, 100 % sirkulært og med lavere karbonavtrykk enn tradisjonell betong. For å passe til pongtong-spesifikasjonene, må produksjonsprosessen av det geopolymer baserte bindemiddelet og tilslagene optimaliseres og tilpasses.: Det  geopolymer baserte bindemiddelet er et semikrystallinsk amorft materiale, som dannes gjennom polymerisasjonsreaksjonen mellom en aluminosilikat kilde og en alkalisk reagens. Det er et sementfritt bindemiddel, med ultralavt karbonavtrykk, som også tillater CO2-binding. Tilslagene som produseres i prosjektet er satt sammen av et bindemiddel, et tilslagsmateriale samt ulike ytelsesbaserte tilsetningsstoffer, granulert og sintret ved høy temperatur, en prosess som gjør det mulig å skreddersy tilslagsegenskapene til brukerens behov, og for å kunne utnytte den produserte geopolymer baserte betongen som råmateriale ved produksjon av tilsvarende tilslag på slutten av levetiden. For å muliggjøre integrering av den sirkulære geopolymerbetongen som er utviklet i prosjektet til pongtongen, vil det etableres en helhetlig optimaliseringstilnærming i prosjektet, for å definere den beste utformingen av flytende strukturer basert på vurderingene av sirkulære betonger og kravet til de strukturelle ytelsene. Tilnærmingen vil inkludere design, bruk av fluidstrukturinteraksjonsmodellering, produksjon av pongtongen, produksjon av geopolymer og aggregater, og vurdering av miljømessige/økonomiske hensyn.

The main objective of the project is the development of 100% circular pontoon free of EPS using tailored geopolymer concretes and demonstrate the impacts on performance and sustainability. In addition, and for decreasing the overall density of the pontoon, the project will also look at substituting the natural aggregates in concrete shell by high performance recycled particles obtained from industrial wastes. As such, the innovation will lead to the design of a new product, 100% circular, manufactured and commercialised by Helmar. The production process of the foamed geopolymer concrete and the aggregates must also be optimised and tailored to fit for the pontoon specifications, leading to a new production process for Rockpore, and new waste recycle chain for Rana Gruber.
Helmar anticipates that the use of EPS might be prohibited in the future due to new regulations and is looking for alternatives.  The Rockpore solution appears very appealing as a substitute for EPS: The Rockpore concept is a type of low-density geopolymer-concrete, 100% circular, using recycled Light Weight Aggregates and cement free binders. The properties of the TBG can be modified to fit end user needs, which enables market penetration in markets outside the construction sector. The present project aims at utilising and adapting the Rockpore TBG together with a unique cement free, ultra-low carbon footprint binder as a substitute to traditional EPS block in the pontoons. In addition, a new aggregate type will be developed, as a substitute to the natural aggregates used in the shell concrete. To enable the integration of the circular geopolymer concrete developed in the project to the pontoon, a holistic optimization method will be established to define the best design of floating structure based on the assessments of circular concretes and the requirement on the structural performances, and will include design, manufacturing and assessment of environmental/economic considerations.

Development of a fully circular pontoon design by substituting EPS with a foamed carbon sequestrated geopolymer-concrete

Akvatiske sopp (AS) er en betydelig del av biologisk mangfold i ferskvanns og marine økosystemer. De er avgjørende komponenter i akvatiske økosystemer og har viktige økosystemfunksjoner som nedbrytere av dødt organisk materiale, mutualistiske symbionter, parasitter og patogener som kontrollerer dyre- og plantepopulasjoner. AS påvirker syklusen av karbon og næringsstoffer og fungerer som en ernæringskilde for høyere trofiske nivåer i næringsnettet. Til tross for deres betydning for akvatisk biologisk mangfold, økosystemfunksjoner og tjenester, og overlegent potensiale for biovurdering av vannmiljøer, mangler vi for tiden nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer for AS. Vi har betydelige kunnskapshull om taksonomisk og funksjonelt biologisk mangfold og distribusjon av AS, samt deres følsomhet for endringer i klima- og arealbruk. Dette er spesielt kritisk for truede økosystemer som isbreer og elvemunninger som er under rask endring på grunn av menneskeskapte klimaendringer og tilstedeværelsen av andre menneskeskapte stressfaktorer som forurensninger. Med bruk av moderne DNA-sekvenseringsmetoder, arkivprøver fra nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer og satellittbilder kan vi nå adressere kunnskapshull i AS-mangfold og distribusjon, bane vei for at AS kan inkluderes i store nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer og forutsi responsen fra AS til endringer i klima- og arealbruks ved hjelp av modellering. NorMoSTFun bidrar til disse målene som en del av det multinasjonale prosjektet MoSTFun (Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal Biodiversity) som er finansiert av Biodiversa+-programmet.

Aquatic fungi (AF) are a significant part the of biodiversity in freshwater and marine ecosystems. They are crucial components of aquatic ecosystems and have important ecosystem functions as decomposers, parasites and pathogens that control animal and plant populations and affect carbon and nutrient cycling. They also function as a source of nutrition for higher trophic levels. Despite their importance for aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, and superior potential for bioassessment of aquatic environments, we currently lack national monitoring programs for AF. We have substantial knowledge gaps on taxonomic and functional biodiversity and distribution of AF, as well as their sensitivity for climate and land-use changes. This is especially critical for threatened ecosystems such as glaciers and estuaries that are under rapid change due to human-caused climate change and the presence of other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants. With the use of modern -omics methods, archival samples from national monitoring programs and earth observation technologies we can now address knowledge gaps in AF diversity and distribution, pave the way for AF to be included in large-scale national monitoring programs and predict the response of AF to climate and land-use changes using modelling. NorMoSTFun is contributing to these aims as part of the multinational MoSTFun (Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal Biodiversity) project that is funded by the Biodiversa+ program.

NorMoSTFun: Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal biodiversity in Norway

Midlene fra PES-INST-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (FoU) fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES-INST-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (FoU) fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES-INST-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (FoU) fordelt på fagområde

Administrasjonssjef

IP - Educational strategies and the dynamics of inclusion and social cohesion (ESSAIS)

Phytoplankton, and the zooplankton that graze upon them, play a crucial role in the dynamics observed at higher levels of the aquatic food chain and in climate change. Although there is a vast literature of data analysis and modelling work on changes in t he size and composition of plankton populations, there remains much that is poorly understood. While looking at the data alone can give a description of the plankton dynamics, analysing a mathematical model makes it possible to achieve a deep understandin g of the mechanism behind the dynamics. This understanding is a prerequisite for developing a model with predictive power that can be used to estimate, for example, consequences of global warming on plankton populations. In our project, by combining knowl edge of plankton and experience of mathematical modelling applied to biological systems we aim to shed more light into the driving forces of plankton populations while taking into account seasonality in the food availability and predation risk. Our object ive is to develop a model that can be used to test hypotheses on outcomes of plankton populations in environmental conditions that have changes also at a longer than seasonal time-scale. The challenge of the project lies in translating ecological complexi ty into a simplified model that is tractable and includes the most important aspects behind plankton population dynamics. We anticipate to increase the understanding of mechanisms behind plankton dynamics in a seasonal context. In addition, we aim to incr ease dialogue and collaboration between ecologists and mathematicians that play a key role in predicting possible changes in aquatic ecosystems due to climate change.

Mathematical models of plankton populations - Sofia Piltz - UK

It is well known that energy metabolism is strongly related to body size and internal organ masses. At the subcellular level, studies have clearly reported that interspecific variation in body mass can be related to some aspects of mitochondrial bioenerge tics. In birds, the reproductive period is a highly energy demanding period that usually involves reallocation of energy from self-maintenance and survival of adults to investment in egg-formation, incubation and growth of the chicks. In this context, the  reproductive success of an individual would depend upon good management of the energy budget in order to ensure the current survival of offspring and the maintenance of body condition of the adults. Since mitochondria are the main cells powerhouses, prov iding cells with energy in the form of ATP, mitochondrial functioning must play an important role in the successfulness of an animals breeding season and beyond in the animals general fitness and life history trajectory. However, little, if anything, is k nown about the mitochondrial energetic adjustments during breeding seasons and its potential importance in the reproductive success of birds. In the present project we test if there are cellular mechanisms responsible for the decrease in metabolic rate, w hich is observed in the black-legged kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla) from incubation to the chick-rearing period. We hypothesize that the efficiency of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation would increase during the chick-rearing period, shifting the mitoc hondrial metabolism towards an economic mode of functioning

Is mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation efficiency a key factor for a successful breeding in the artic Kittiwake? P.-A Monternier France

The project investigates the competition between suffixal doublets in Middle English. These structures are characterised by the appearance of the same base with two different suffixes, with no apparent distinction in meaning. Examples of doublets are 'ble reschipe' and 'blerinesse' ('bleariness'); 'dulshipe' and 'dulnesse' ('dullness'); or 'narweschipe' and 'narwenesse' ('narrowness'). On most occasions, the base survives in Present-Day English with only one of the suffixes. The project is thus concerned w ith understanding mechanisms of word-formation and, more broadly, language change. It has a time span of three months.

The Stavanger team has, under the heading of the 'Middle English Scribal Texts Programme' (MEST), built a corpus of medieval English te xts, both documentary and non-documentary. The corpus is partly lemmatized (in a database form), while the whole of it, some 700 texts at present, is available in diplomatic transcript. Its availability will facilitate the retrieval of suffixal doublets.  The specific doublets to be studied are -NESS and -SHIP (which the applicant has studied in other corpora; see *Esteban-Segura 2011), -Y vs -FUL, and -Y vs -OUS.

Further, the corpora available at Stavanger allow the occurrence of the doublets to be relat ed to contextual elements such as text type, genre, and date. These elements may give clues to explain the success of one or the other doublet over time. 

The project will result in at least one peer-reviewed journal article and a conference presentation .

*Esteban-Segura, Laura. 2011. Suffixal Doublets in Late Middle English: -NESS vs -SHIP. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen 112/2: 183-194.

A Study of Middle English Derivational Morphology - Laura Esteban-Segura - Spain

The concentration and localization phenomena play an important role in natural science and engineering. Various concentration effects can be observed in population biology, ecology, mechanics, and in engineering technological processes. For example, study ing when populations of bacteria or viruses are localized is very important in medicine. The models used are described with the help of linear or nonlinear differential equations and corresponding spectral problems, i.e the problems of finding the natural  frequencies and modes.

The main objectives of the present project is to study analytically and numerically the localization effects arising in spectral problems of mathematical physics, and to use the obtained results for prediction of various localizat ion phenomena. We study a particular case when spectral problem is considered in a locally periodic perforated domain, where the size of the "holes" varies. The typical size of the perforation is h, h being a small parameter, is much smaller than the size  of the domain. 
It is expected that the eigenfunctions are asymptotically localized in the vicinity of the "biggest hole". 

The homogenization theory and asymptotic analysis of singularly perturbed equations are relevant and very suitable technical tool s for studying this problem due to the presence of the small parameter h. Classical methods have to be adapted to our problem because of the localization effect and locally periodic geometry.

Localization effects in spectral problems of mathematical physics - Alexandra Chechkina - Russia

Based on the proposed objectives for this project, key words for the research activities in this project are summarized below. Please see the project description for further details.

(1)	Selection of materials. 
(2)	Mechanical test programme. 
(3)	Scanni ng electron microscopy (SEM). 
(4)	Evaluation of existing models. 
(5)	Fracture criterion for particle-reinforced thermoplastics. 
(6)	Evaluation of a new model. 
(7)	Reporting.

Fracture of particle-reinforced thermoplastics - Rafael Traldi Moura - Brazil

Universal metrics are solutions of all possible higher order gravity theories simultaneously regardless to the form of their quantum corrections. Consequently, they are solutions of the full quantum gravity despite the fact that we do not known what the t heory precisely should be. At the present time, the research of universal metrics is at the very beginning. We plan to start a systematical study of universal metrics, their admissible algebraic types, relation to the classes of VSI and CSI spacetimes and  find their explicit examples.

Using the recently developed generalizations of algebraic classification and the Newman-Penrose formalism to the case of arbitrary tensors on Lorentzian manifolds of arbitrary dimension, we also plan to generalize our metho d for finding classes of algebraically special exact solutions of quadratic gravity to more general higher order gravity theories such as the Lovelock theory. This approach will lead to new classes of exact solutions of these theories.

Solutions of Theories of Gravity with Quantum Corrections - Tomas Malek - Czech Republic

I intend to visit Stavanger in order to immerse myself in the vibrant musical and rigorous research environment to be found there. I have encountered musicians from Norway in Leeds, such as Didrik Ingvaldssen, Ståle Birkeland and Petter Frost Fadnes, when  they were studying, and later teaching, at Leeds College of Music and the University of Leeds, and I was impressed by their open-minded attitude and spirit of enquiry. I wish to build upon these professional relationships by sharing my research and worki ng together to develop new joint projects. 

My research at the University of Leeds is concerned with finding new ways to approach playing the drum set with the added dimension of live electronics, particularly using the graphical control interface Max MS P. My colleagues in Stavanger have made suggestions regarding artists and music technicians that I should approach for collaborative research during my intended stay. These include Nils Henrik Asheim, Per Zanussi, The Kitchen Orchestra and Dag Egil Njaa.  

My research focus will be on deconstructing the drum set and ways of playing it in order to devise a new approach to playing from first principles, giving equal prominence to both the acoustic and electroacoustic elements. I work closely with music tech nologists at the University of Leeds and I hope to develop strong working relationships with Max MSP programmers at the University of Stavanger. My research is also concerned with the philosophy of improvisation, aesthetic judgements made during improvisi ng and what influencing factors come into play. The research project in Stavanger will involve a great deal of rehearsing and trying out ideas with various combinations of the musicians and music technologists that I encounter, leading to public performan ces in venues in the city and I intend to participate in research seminars, lecture recitals and workshops at the University of Stavanger, Department of Music and Dance.

Integrating Live Electronics into Improvised Music Performance - Paul Hession - UK

Fish is a rich source of nutrients (protein, selenium, n3-long chain fatty acids, vitamin D) in the diet. With the exception of fortified food, it is the main source of vitamin D in the diet. Although there is a lot of epidemiological data on the associat ion of high or low fish intake on vitamin D status, however, the evidence from controlled dietary intake studies is very limited. 
We will investigate the effect of different types of fish on the vitamin D status as measured by 25OHD levels and parathyroi d hormone (PTH) in serum, using biobanked samples from controlled dietary intervention studies with fish. A number of these studies have been conducted at the University of Bergen and at the University Halle-Wittenberg. In addition to vitamin D status, we  will also analyse the effect of fish consumption on lipid metabolism and biomarkers of inflammation. 
In addition, we will conduct a meta-analysis on controlled dietary intervention studies with fish and 25OHD levels as primary outcome variables, includi ng randomised controlled studies that have been conducted at other sides. Other outcome variables of interest are again biomarkers of lipid metabolism and inflammation. 
The results can be used for modeling the effect of dietary intake of vitamin D rich f ood on the vitamin D status, and will contribute to substantiate the intake recommendations for vitamin D. 
The project will also contribute to the internationalisation of both partner universities (Bergen and Halle-Wittenberg). It will furhter strengthen  nutritional research at both sides, as advanced statistical methods will be introduced.

Fish intake and vitamin D status: data from randomized clincial trials and meta-analysis of RCTs - Ulrike Lehmann - Germany

Large herbivores have a key-role on plant specific and functional diversity given their position in the trophic network, between producers and carnivores. However, the role of large herbivores may be diverse depending on herbivore species, population dens ity, and spatial scale, as well as ecosystem productivity and diversity. Understanding relationship between herbivory and plant diversity at different scales and in ecosystem of contrasted productivities is therefore essential to better quantify how large  herbivore impact plant functional diversity and biomass, and reconcile management goals for herbivores and plant conservation. This topic has got a renewed focus in the last decades due to the impressive increase of large herbivores in arctic and tempera te ecosystems, which occurs in the context of rapid climate and land use changes.
This project is based on an already data base on resource use and characteristics of resources available, which will able to get new results on plant-herbivore relationship  in natura, and furthermore, to compare different ecosystems (Alps vs subantarctic, subantartic vs Finmark tundra). The six months stay of the PhD student, which will occur after the PhD student will have worked on these data during one year, will allow he r to produce two manuscript jointly written with the Tromso group. It will reenforce existing collaboration with her group in France in the Alpine Ecology lab and ours.

Functional interactions between large herbivores and plant communities in contrasted ecosystems - Marjorie Bison - France

Abstract:
Motivation for this project originated in the understanding that in order for children to develop as dignified human beings, schools should be places of capability development. Both institutions, Faculty of Education in Bielefeld (Germany) and D epartment of Education at NTNU, although having different approach share research interests on possibilities to develop pupils? capabilities in the educational institutions. Finding many points of connection, we would like to propose a research project th at will bring these perspectives together.

The aim of the proposed project is to explore how recognition-identification, recognition of oneself and mutual recognition manifest within the classroom interaction and to bring them in connection to pupils' ca pabilities. Furthermore, the aim is to explore in what extent recognition can serve as conversion factor of the capabilities as well as how it can be a capability in itself. This will shed some light on pedagogical strategies that teachers could use in de veloping or hindering pupils' capabilities.

In order to reach these goals, the planned activities are: establishing theoretical framework that is based on Paul Ricoeur's concept of recognition, analysis of the data which have been collected for the purpo ses of doctoral research project and which are comprised of interviews (N=28) and videos (N=23). Finally, dissemination of the results is planned in the form of conference presentations and an article that will be submitted to a peer-reviewed journal.

Applying Ricoeurian concepts of recognition in classroom interaction research - Rada Jancic -Serbia

During the past decade, the results of several studies have suggested that the protein composition of seminal plasma is important in protection of fish spermatozoa during their storage in the reproductive system, as well as in maintaining sperm viability.  However, there is a lack of information about protein composition of seminal plasma during the different phases of reproductive period. Therefore, we will perform comparative study to investigate the possible effects of spawning on protein fractions of s eminal plasma. Additionally, antioxidant system in seminal plasma and sperm motility parameters over the reproductive season will be evaluated. Four important aquaculture fish species: Atlantic salmon, Atlantic cod, Atlantic halibut and common carp, repre senting distant phylogenetic standing, will be studied to obtain comparative information. We hypothesize that comparative study on seminal plasma proteins in phylogenetically distant teleosts will help in revealing the possible functions of these proteins  in sperm of freshwater and marine fish species and, consequently, will result in improvement of the broodstock management and optimization of protocols for artificial reproduction in these species. 

Both institutions, University of Nordland and Universi ty of South Bohemia, have a proven track of research and education within aquaculture in general and within fish reproductive biology in particular. The added value of this project is in collaborative development of knowledge and ideas relevant for Europe an and world aquaculture. The young researcher coming from Czech Republic will have opportunity to gain experience from Norway, a world's leader in aquaculture, on research, structure and organization.

Protective Properties of Fish Seminal Plasma: A Comparative Study On Taxonomically Distant Aquaculture Species - Anna Shaliutina - Czech Rep

The planned research project aims at investigating the impact of L1-instruction at school on immigrant students' patterns of L1 and L2 language use, self development and integration in friendship networks in Norway. 
In studies on immigrant students in Ge rmany we could already show (a) that a context-bound language use pattern is linked to a heightened accessibility of (same) context dependent self-knowledge and (b) that immigrant and non-immigrant students' friendship choices underlie different mechanism s. 
In contrast to Germany, immigrant students in Norway are as long as they lack proficient knowledge of the Norwegian language supported in their first language at school. With respect to first language use in school we therefore assume that immigrant s tudents in Norway tend to have fused (i.e.context independent) language use patterns resulting in non-restricted access to self-knowledge that is integrated in comprehensive selves. Second, we expect immigrant students' opportunity to contribute in their  first language at school to have an impact on their perceived appreciation as members of another culture and speakers of another language. Third, we seek to investigate the notion that perceived acknowledgment as a bicultural person influences friendship  networks within classrooms.
Finally, comparing results from Norway to findings from Germany would enable us to draw conclusions on the impact of differing language policies and educational practices on processes on immigrant students' self development and  social integration on an individualistic perspective.

How L1-instruction at school impacts immigrant students' language use pattern, self development and social integration - Nanine Lilla - Ger

Introduced insect pests of trees pose a serious threat to forestry worldwide. This is especially true in South Africa where the increase in the rate of new pest invasions is threatening the sustainability of forestry in the country, a sector of great econ omic importance to numerous South Africans, including resource poor farmers. Examples of recent forest pest introductions that are causing considerable losses to South African forestry include the Sirex woodwasp (Sirex noctilio; detected 1994), the bronze  bug (Thaumastocoris peregrinus; 2003) and the eucalyptus gall wasp (Leptocybe invasa; 2007). A particular concern is that the rate of introduction of new invasive pests is increasing while programmes are still being developed to manage the current pests.  

Mathematical modelling provides an effective tool whereby biological and spread data of insect pests can be used to predict the likelihood of their introduction and establishment, and the economical risks should they establish. Risk modelling requires  particular knowledge of forest entomology and skills in the use of mathematical models, including experience with the software available. The Norwegian Forest and Landscape Institute possesses both these expertises in the form of Dr Paal Krokene (speciali st in forest entomology) and Dr Bjørn Økland (specialist in risk modelling). Thus, a three month research visit to Skog og landskap is proposed whereby the visiting researcher from South Africa (Dr Brett Hurley, forest entomologist) will develop risk mode ls for potential new invasive pests of South Africa, under the guidance of Dr Økland and Dr Krokene. 

The skills learnt by Dr Hurley in this visit will contribute substantially to the development of risk analysis research in South Africa, and provide the  basis for improved quarantine measures and management plans for interception of invasive pests. The project will also strengthen the existing collaborative relationship between FABI and Skog og landskap.

Risk modelling of invasive insects threatening South Africa's forests - Brett Hurley - South Africa

The effects of climate change will bring about changes locally. Global warming is anticipated to result in more extreme weather events, such as storms, floods and landslides. Because of that, local authorities need to increase their ability to assess the  possible impacts of weather-related hazards. One of the major objectives of the NORD-STAR project is to disseminate the results of the vulnerability assessment to the decision makers in Norway with the use of the specially developed a map-based visualizat ion platform. The platform usability is therefore of significant importance to the program success, it has to be designed in a way that is easy to understand and utilize by target users, so that this knowledge can be applied in a decision-making process.
 
The main objective of this project is to perform a usability assessment of the geovisualization platform designed for the NORD-STAR project. Another objective of this research is related to a considerable challenge within geographic information science:  developing design rules of an effective interactive geographic visualization for knowledge extraction and decision making.

The usability of the geovisualization platform will be evaluated by an empirical study with help of several methods. A multi-method  approach will enable a comprehensive usability evaluation and will answer questions about the platform's usability (e.g., possible users' expectations towards the platform), extent and quality of extracted information, users' opinions on applied forms of  data visualization or embedded functionalities. The concluding remarks from the empirical research are meat to be suggestions for later platform improvement. Due to a close collaboration with the developer of the platform, conclusions are intended to be  implemented into the platform, improving its functionality and making it more user-friendly.

Usability assessment of a web based tool for visualizing integrated vulnerability to natural disasters in Norway - Izabela Golebiowska - Pol

The proposed research will utilise data from the European Union's Labour Force Survey (EU LFS) and Norwegian registry data to investigate whether EU migrants arriving in Norway via a third country have higher skills than return and permanent migrants. In  order to address this question, the initial characteristics of individuals migrating to the third country'Third country' is defined as any country that is not Norway or the country of birth.; the subsequent selection of migrants coming to Norway; as well  as the quality of return migrants has to be considered. The research will also aim to identify the parameters that influence this selection process. The main parameters of interest are relative returns to education levels in the source, third and onward m igration country. 

The context of the research is the European experience of initial East-West migration after 2004, characterised by movements from the New Member states of the European Union to mainly Great Britain and Ireland, followed by a combinatio n of return and onward migration following worsening economic conditions after 2007. A popular country for onward migration due to strong economic conditions has been Norway as it does not have any binding work restrictions for EU citizens and provides an  attractive work environment. At the same time, improving conditions in some of the NMS (such as Poland) have acted as incentives for return migration. The research will investigate how the characteristics of individuals differs between those that stay in  their initial country of migration, those that return to the home country and those that migrate to a third country, specifically Norway. 

The selection in onward migration has not been studied in the context of EU migration. The proposed research has p olicy relevance for the sending, receiving and final destination countries as well as theoretical relevance to the academic literature.

Selection in Migration: Investigating the Skill Composition of Migrants to Norway from Poland and the Baltic States. Janis Umblijs - Ireland

The climatic history of the Holocene in Caucasus is very poorly studied. No high resolution climatic and glaciological reconstructions are known up till now. Lacustrine sediments often being a continuous uninterrupted chronicle of sedimentation can be suc cessfully used as a means of specification of glacier situation and age of moraine deposits, as well as a basis for detailed climatic models of the Holocene. The existing reconstructions are primarily based on geomorphic descriptions of moraines and biost ratigraphical data. The available high-resolution reconstructions of the summer temperatures based on tree rings cover only 200 years.
The field expeditions of 2010 and 2012 hosted by Institute of Geography, RAS allowed coring the sediment of the four lak es: Lake Karakyol, Bolshoe Dzitakskoe, Bolshoe Khmelevskoe and Lake Donguz-Orun. All the four lakes have different origin and morphology with the latter being a classical periglacial lake dammed by the lateral moraine of Donguz-Orun glacier. Especially no teworthy is thin varved clay of Donguz-Orun sediment core. Preliminary analysis of the sediment cores including grain-size composition, magnetic susceptibility and partial radiocarbon dating reveals the highest priority of the study of the sediment of Cau casus lakes in reconstructions of the history of glaciation and climate of the region.
Within the project we will use standard procedures of studying the properties of lake sediments, such as loss-on-ignition, magnetic susceptibility (and correlation of t hese two indexes), x-ray diffraction analyses of the sediment and spectral analysis of the loss-on-ignition data, moisture content and bulk density, advanced analysis of lithological values, the AMS dating for the age control. We will develop the reconstr uction of equilibrium-line altitude variations (TP-ELA) for the Dongus-Orun glacier and, being an ultimate result, create of the first continuous long-term records of climatic parameters of the region.

Sediment Coring of Lakes in Western and Northern Caucasus as a Basis of Reconstructions - Mikhail Alexandrin - Russia

This research project is aimed at examining the development of EU's investment relations with third countries in light of the innovations introduced by the Treaty of Lisbon. There is a number of economic international agreements currently under negotiatio n between the European Union on the hand, and its trade partners on the other. One can mention the so called CETA (comprehensive economic trade agreement) between the European Union and Canada, that will be probably ratified within the end of 2012. There  are some complex, and so far unresolved, legal issues relating to the ratification of this agreement. As an example, it is unclear how the European Union will be able to be part to dispute settlement resolution mechanisms. When approved, CETA is expected  to be a landmark move in the history of global free trade. As is well known, the development of EU's trade relations has a major impact on, and is often paralleled in, the agreements of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA), of which the Kingdom of N orway is a founding Member. Some 75% of total Norway's trade is with the European Union.
This project will focus on the main legal aspects concerning free trade agreements, as far as foreign investment is concerned. Special attention will be devoted to th e practical implementation of the novelties introduced in the EU legal system by the coming into force of the Treaty of Lisbon. In particular, this project will examine how the European Union can resolve the conundrum concerning investment protection, as  regards the possibility for the EU to be part to dispute settlement resolution. Since the existing arbitration mechanisms (such as ICSID) do not currently accept the membership of international organisations, this project will try and define, among other  things, an acceptable legal framework for an alternative legal mechanism that could serve the purpose to provide international investors with an independent, neutral dispute settlement resolution.

Investment treaties of the European Union - Luca Pantaleo - Italy

The period of my stay will be structured in three phases. The overall objective is to elaborate a joint publication by the Noragric and the RESS. For this purpose, I will make available to my colleagues the data set which I collected in the last two years  in the P.R.C. Following the title of the project "An Empirical Analysis of the Interaction of Institutions and Human Behaviour", this set shall be the foundation for further development in theory in applied institutional economics. 

With my own working  space on site, I have the chance to participate in numerous discussions and presentations and at the same time the necessary facilities to dedicate my work to the progress of the publication. In the first phase, I will present my work to young researchers  and students in the form of two lectures and a seminar. In the second phase, I will specifically seek the discussion with senior researchers of the department. The third and concluding phase will be dedicated to the textualisation of the findings of the  preceding discourses.

An Empirical Analysis of the Interaction of Institutions and Human Behaviour - Lars Berger - Germany

This project addresses the main problem of fuel cell electrodes from a theoretical approach. Studies over electrodes for fuel cell are mainly costly experiments and time dependent, therefore, having a theoretical tool that could predict these behaviors wi ll reduce time and cost.
In this work we will study the interaction of hydrogen as molecules over different metals surfaces and alloys, based on iron, titanium or a FeTi alloy. In order to improve the properties of the materials, different dopants will be  employed, such as Platinum, Palladium, ruthenium, etc. The aim of adding a dopant is to improve the properties but reduce the cost due to the high price of the dopants. Different amounts of dopants will be tested and analyzed over the different surfaces.  
This work will allow a better understanding and an increase in the knowledge of how hydrogen interacts and is adsorbed, desorbed and its mobility through a metallic cluster used in fuel cells.
The results will consist on different adsorptions properties , characteristics of the studied material as well as possible efficiency on fuel cell. The applications of these results will consist in a most effective, long term, sustainable and economically competitive fuel cell.
Due to the call, the second main obje ctive of this work is to strength and increases the international cooperation with the hydrogen area that UMB has with externals partners, in this case with the Universidad Nacional del Sur in Argentina. This cooperation will encourage new collaborations  as well as students exchange visits in all levels.

Hydrogen adsorption over iron and titanium based catalyst doped with Pt, Pd, Rt.  - Valeria Verdinelli - Argentina

Although HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) is widely used separation method, its application using conventional (particle based) stationary phases, is rather restricted to smaller molecules. However, by using monolithic chromatographic support s, it enables processing of large biomolecules, even macromolecular complexes, such as virus particles. Moreover, the structure of monoliths enables very fast separation and the process is scalable to large volumes. So far, different viruses were separate d/purified from different media and concentrated from large-volume water samples. By exploiting complementary experience in both monolith chromatography and marine virology, a bilateral project proposed by the University of Zagreb and the University of Be rgen would be an implementation of the powerful separation technique in very important and attractive field of marine biology. Following selection and preparation of suitable algal virus/host systems, monolith chromatography would be optimized and proved  in fast and efficient purification of cultivated algal viruses, fast and reliable quantification of viruses propagated in algal host cultures, and possible alternative/complementary approach in assessment of viral diversity and abundance concerning domina te virus species present in environmental samples. The results would be evaluated by comparing to those obtained using standard methods established so far.

Application of monolithic columns in algal virus research - Sandra Kolundzija - Croatia

This project will investigate the environmental fate and adverse effects on soil organisms of organo-phosphate flame retardants, triclosan and nonyl-/octyl phenols contained in domestic sewage sludge following its incrorporation into agricultural soil. 

 Currently, sludge from treatment of domestic waste water is used to improve the properties of agricultural soils (provide plant nutrients and enhance organic matter content), but such sludge also contains several contaminants that pose a risk to the envir onment and to the human food chain. Among these are the organo-phosphate flame retardants (e.g. TCEP), triclosan and nonyl-/octyl phenols, which are among the compounds recently causing serious concern for environmental protection agencies throughout Euro pe, and to national committees on public health.

A series of experiments where sewage sludge or pure compounds are spiked into soil will describe dynamics, mass balances and biolgical effects on soil biota (earthworms, soil bacteria), and provide valuabl e information on environmental risks and risks related to transfer of these new priority pollutants towards the human food chain.

The present project will benefit from recently started projects at Bioforsk investigating heavy metals and organic contamina nts in sewage sludge used for soil improvement in agriculture, and the complementary knowledge at the Institute of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic, working on seensitive methods for detection of biological effect s for so called endocrine disruptors (compounds that cause homonal disorders).

During a 8 months visit to Norway, the PhD student Ivo Havranek will work in close collaboration with experts in Bioforsk having peak knowledge on biodegradation, plant accumu lation, and ecotoxicity and benefit from Bioforsks modern analytical laboratory.

Fate and toxicity of priority endocrine disrupting organic pollutants in soil - Ivo Havranek - Czech Republic

Over the centuries, the cultural activity of Polish Jews suffered from marginalization, which had an unquestionable influence on the way Jewish art was perceived. The common recipient considered it artistic kitsch, and believed theatre to be its least wor thy form; he will use the term 'shund' (germ. trash) to decree it an unambitious, unoriginal and commercial form of scenic performance. In order to overcame that stereotype it was decided to introduce Ibsen's works to Yiddish stage because his dramatic ou tput was believed to be a model of literary excellence. The goal of this project is to study the presence of Ibsen's works in Yiddish theatre in Poland, and to determine on what level its reception was influenced by Jewish-Polish relations. Moreover it wi ll answer the question how much different Ibsen's role was in Yiddish culture compared to Polish and Norwegian. The project will also attempt to verify the following claims: a) Ibsen's works were, and remain significant in Jewish culture in Poland, partic ularly in the theatre (this statement is supported by the presence of Zionist and national ideals in the translations and scenic adaptations of the works performed in Yiddish); b) Ibsen's works mirrored the complex relationship of Jews and Poles. Scenic a daptations prepared by Jewish artists in cooperation with Polish actors became an excuse to discuss the role Jews were expected to play in Polish society, politics and culture; c) the present heritage of Yiddish Ibsen theatre is a source of inspiration fo r Polish directors and actors. This project is innovative in its approach of a subject to which no studies have been dedicated to this day. The end result of the study will be systematized collection and analysis of thus far unanalyzed source materials in  Yiddish devoted to the function of Ibsen's works in Jewish theatre in Poland publish in a form of articles and in a book.

Jewish Ibsen. The influence of the Polish-Jewish Relations on the Reception of Ibsen's Dramas  - Agata Dabrowska - Poland

Since the applicant has already a PhD in seismology the proposed visit to Norway has a fourfold expected outcome: 1) The visit is planned with a lot of work in four intimately connected areas: Hazard, soil amplification, vulnerability and mitigation. The  background of the applicant together with the NORSAR staff enthusiasm to work on this should be a good guarantee for good technical outcomes. 2) NORSAR has worked many places in the world, but never in Egypt or the Middle East. Since there is no current c ooperation between Egypt and Norway within seismology (and to the best of our knowledge also not much in solid earth sciences) the planned research visit can be an ice-breaker that can pave the way for more cooperation within seismology and possibly also  within other solid earth sciences. This visit will have many benefits, not only to Egypt but also to Norway. The applicant will bring new data from Egypt (earthquake records, soil types, engineering structures etc), bringing to NORSAR (Norway) for the fir st time good information about the seismic activity of Egypt. It should in particular be mentioned that the applicant intend also to visit the University of Bergen which is the second centre for seismology in Norway in order to establish contacts also to  this side. 3) When the applicant will come for a longer period to NORSAR, he will meet with scientists from many parts of the world who share concern about earthquake risk. The visit will be part of expanding and building on a global science network in se ismology and earthquake engineering. 4) The technical work will require use of a multitude of old and new software. The experience, access and availability to these tools will in the medium and long term be beneficial for a larger Egyptian seismological c ommunity since all advances gained through the planned visit will be shared with colleagues in Egypt both during and after the research visit.

Assessment and mitigation of Earthquake Hazard in Sahary area, South Egypt - Abdelnasser Mohamed - Egypt

The funding sought is for a research stay of Ivan Bliznets, a PhD student from St. Petersburg Academic University of the RAS, Russia, at the Algorithms Research Group at the University of Bergen. The duration of the stay is 3 months.

Finding maximum subgraphs
Research visit of Ivan Bliznets - Russia

Internet has overabundance of health information that is frequently misleading. Recent studies show that patients look for quality health information of their diseases. Recommender systems can be a potential solution since they can be used to retrieve hig h quality health information provided by both patients and health professionals. There is a wide range of recommendation techniques based on opinions mining, tags and users? preferences, but few of them have been tested in the health domain.

Recommender  systems have the advantage of crowd-sourcing, since knowledge is gathered about trustworthy sources while users seek information about a certain disease. The site suggests the most popular content or those that best correlate. Recommender systems gather d ata according to user preferences, opinions and other health measures. 

The project Diabetes Health Recommender System (Diabetes HealthRecSys) helps users find useful, truthful and correct diabetes health information. 

The main objective of this project  is the creation of a diabetes video recommender system. A case study will take in consideration and extract the results comparing with other Internet video services. Additionally, it is necessary to deploy a video portal where diabetes videos will be int egrated. That video portal is already in a beta stage and will need to be further improved previous tests with real users.  Finally, the project will perform several evaluation studies to compare the recommender systems developed with other Internet servi ces.

PES-INST-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (FoU)

IP - Educational strategies and the dynamics of inclusion and social cohesion (ESSAIS)

Tildelt: kr 0,12 mill.

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PES-INST-Prosjektetablererstøtte EU (FoU)

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