2016

2015

2014

2013

2012

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

Portefølje Naturvitenskap og teknologi ikon

Forskningssystemet

Portefølje Humaniora og samfunnsvitenskap ikon

Banebrytende forskning

Portefølje Samisk ikon

Samisk samfunn og kultur

Portefølje Demokrati, styring og fornyelse ikon

Demokrati og global utvikling

Portefølje Velferd, kultur og samfunn ikon

Velferd og utdanning

Portefølje Helse ikon

Helse

Portefølje Klima- og polarforskning ikon

Klima og miljø

Portefølje Landbasert mat, miljø og bioressurser ikon

Mat og bioressurser

Portefølje Energi, transport og lavutslipp ikon

Energi og transport

Portefølje Muliggjørende teknologier ikon

Muliggjørende teknologier

Portefølje Industri og tjenestenæringer ikon

Innovasjon

LTP2 Klima, miljø og miljøvennlig energi ikon

Klima, miljø og energi

LTP2 Samfunnssikkerhet og samhørighet ikon

Samfunnstryggleik og beredskap

LTP2 Fornyelse i offentlig sektor ikon

Velferdstjenester

Forsidebilde

Marin ikon

Petroleum og mineraler

LTP Hav ikon

Hav og kyst

LTP2 Muliggjørende og industrielle teknologier ikon

Mogleggjerande industrielle teknologiar

Tillit og fellesskap

LTP2 Utvikle fagmiljøer av fremragende kvalitet

Høg kvalitet og tilgjengeleg

LTP2 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne ikon

Sterkare konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

LTP3 Helse

Et innovativt næringsliv ikon

Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

Portefolje Petroleum Ikon

Portefølje Hav ikon

Portefølje Utdanning og kompetanse ikon

Portefølje Global utvikling og internasjonale relasjoner ikon

Portefølje Livsvitenskap ikon

Forsidebilde optimalisert

project-bank-technical

Muliggjørende teknologier bakgrunn

Marin bakgrunnsbilde

Statistikk

Prosjektbanken presenterer statistikk og informasjon om prosjekter med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet fra 2004. Statistikken er fordelt på blant annet tema, år, geografi og organisasjon. Prosjektbanken gir også detaljert informasjon om de enkelte prosjektene.

...eller se sammendrag og annen informasjon om prosjektene i utvalget ditt

Alle porteføljestyrer

En god beskrivelse av denne siden for søkemotoroptimalisering

Forside

Hvordan tildelingene fordeler seg på institusjoner, fylker, fagområder o.l....

Her er noen eksempler på søk du kan gjøre i Prosjektbanken

Alle langtidsplanmål

Veiledning: Hvordan bruke Prosjektbanken.no

Om Fritekstsøk

Ingen populærvitenskapelig framstilling tilgjengelig


Prosjektet med prosjektnummer {{project number}} ble ikke funnet

Teknisk beskrivelse

Oisann, her gikk noe galt. Kan du prøve å laste siden på nytt?  Dersom feilen vedvarer, vennligst kontakt oss.         

Se statistikk relatert til dette langtidsplanmålet

Se prosjekter relatert til dette langtidsplanmålet

knyttet til dette LTP-målet har blitt tildelt penger

har blitt tildelt til prosjekter knyttet til dette LTP-målet

har blitt tildelt til prosjekter knyttet til denne porteføljen

knyttet til denne porteføljen har blitt tildelt penger

Om Prosjektbanken

Kunnskapsdepartement

Utdannings- og forsk

Ukjent

Matematikk og naturvitenskap

Medisin og helsefag

Humaniora

Samfunnsvitenskap

Teknologi

Oslo

Trøndelag - Trööndelage

Troms - Romsa - Tromssa

Vestland

Agder

Akershus

Rogaland

LTP3 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

LTP3 Et kunnskapsintensivt næringsliv i hele landet

LTP3 Høy kvalitet og tilgjengelighet

LTP3 Fagmiljøer og talenter

LTP3 Rettede internasjonaliseringstiltak

LTP3 Hav og kyst

LTP3 Marine bioressurser og havforvaltning

LTP3 Klima, miljø og energi

LTP3 Klima, polar og miljø

LTP3 Muliggjørende og industrielle teknologier

LTP3 IKT og digital transformasjon

LTP3 Nano-, bioteknologi og teknologikonvergens

LTP3 Tillit og fellesskap

LTP3 Utenforskap, inkludering, kulturmøter og migrasjon

LTP3 Samfunnssikkerhet og beredskap

LTP3 Global utvikling, ulikhet, og demokratibygging

UoH-sektor

Instituttsektor

Helseforetak

Portefølje Banebrytende forskning

Portefølje Forskningssystemet

Portefølje Muliggjørende teknologier

Portefølje Helse

Portefølje Demokrati og global utvikling

Portefølje Velferd og utdanning

Portefølje Innovasjon

Portefølje Klima og miljø

Programmer

Andre grunnforskningsprosjekt

Frittstående prosjekter

Nettverkstiltak

Infrastruktur og institusjonelle tiltak

Forvaltning

Diverse FoU-relaterte aktiviteter

Felleskostnader

Canada

Forskerprosjekt

Ingen søknadstype

Internasjonalisering

Grunnforskning

Delportefølje Kvalitet

Delportefølje Internasjonalisering

Politikk- og forvaltningsområder

Bioteknologi

Nanoteknologi/avanserte materialer

Anvendt forskning

Globale utfordringer

Marin

Bransjer og næringer

Naturmangfold og miljø

Velferd, arbeidsliv og utdanning

Kultur

Klima

Kjønnsperspektiver i forskning

Nordområdene

Polar

Tørkeperioder kan gjøre bakken hardere og frastøte seg vann, dette fører til økt fare for flom og jorderosjon hvis det skulle komme styrtregn. Sammenfallende hendelser hvor en tørkeperiode ender i styrtregn kan derfor forårsake større skader på infrastruktur og avlinger enn enkelthendelser med kun tørke eller styrtregn. Global oppvarming har forårsaket at både tørkeperioder og styrtregn intensiveres og skjer oftere, som også kan føre til at sammenfallende hendelser med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn også kan intensiveres og skje oftere. 
Selv om det er funnet en økning i tørkeperioder og ekstremnedbør med global oppvarming også i klimamodellene, er det også en stor spredning mellom modellene på hvor mye og i hvilke områder som opplever mer tørke og nedbør. Prosjektet vil undersøke faktiske historiske hendelser hvor tørkeperioder endte i styrtregn i værobservasjoner og værmodelldata for å finne passende indekser som kan brukes til å analysere hvordan de forekommer i klimamodellene. Modeller på finere skala gjør en bedre jobb med å modellere nedbør, prosjektet vil derfor bruke finskala høytoppløselige klimamodeller og globale klimamodeller for å se hvordan tørkeperioder avsluttet med styrtregn forekommer i disse. De modellene som gjør det godt opp mot observasjoner vil bli identifisert.  Videre vil prosjektet studere endringene i hyppighet og intensitet av sammenfallende hendelser med tørke og styrtregn med global oppvarming.
En av grunnene man vet til hvorfor det er stor usikkerhet knyttet til hvordan klimamodellene gjenskaper nedbørsmønstre er hvordan fordamping varierer over skog- og andre arealer. I prosjektet vil vi se på effekten av avskoging og økt skogbruk i globale modeller, og gjøre egne beregninger over mindre areal på finskala for å for å se hvordan fordamping blir påvirket. Resultatene av prosjektet er viktig får å unngå eller minimere skadene slike sammenfallende med tørke etterfulgt av styrtregn kan forårsake.

Global warming intensifies drought and extreme precipitation. Compound events with droughts ending in intensified precipitation - DRIP can cause large damages but are extremely understudied. This project aims to estimate the change in frequency and intensity of DRIP events with global warming due to changes in the water-cycle. We will identify actual historical compound DRIP events and find indices that are suitable to identify these events in model data. As global climate models show a large spread in precipitation for both historical and the different future climate projections, there is expected to be a spread in model projections of DRIP events as well. We will constrain this spread by identifying global climate models that do a good statistical representation of historical DRIP events and by analyzing large ensembles to evaluate the natural variability. As higher resolution modelling shows a better representation of the water cycle, the project will analyze regional downscaled global models in identified regions of interest.  We will also perform in-house regional simulations of identified global models down to convection permitting scale to study the change in DRIP events with model resolution. The project will also target a highlighted uncertainty connected to the water-cycle by exploring how evapotranspiration and the occurrence of DRIP events found in climate models respond to land use change. For this analysis we will extend the regional downscaling to include sensitivity studies which contain deforestation and forestation. Results gained from DRIP will make a large contribution to the knowledge needed on future mitigation measures due to the increase in compound events.

DRIP - DRought ending in Intensified Precipitation

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

Prosjektet går ut på å invitere forskere fra norske eller utenlandske universiteter til å presentere sin forskning om økonomi og klima ved Handelshøyskolen ved Universitetet i Stavanger (HHUiS).

Dette skjer i form av et seminar som vanligvis finner sted en gang i uken. En kjent forsker fra et annet universitet kommer til Stavanger og holder et 60-minutters seminar og har en rekke møter med forskere i Stavanger. Vi prøver å ha minst 6-8 møter per gjest. I tillegg spiser gjesten lunsj og middag med UiS-ansatte.

Disse seminarene er en del av en eksisterende seminarserie som også tar for seg andre klimaspørsmål. En stor del av seminarene er imidlertid fokusert på klimaendringer og økonomi, og det er kun til disse seminarene vi søker midler.

En aktiv seminarrekke er hjertet i et forskningsuniversitet, og svært viktig for at forskerne ved universitetet skal kunne utvikle seg og være en aktiv del av det globale forskningsmiljøet. Dessverre må vi av budsjettmessige årsaker kutte ned på denne aktiviteten i år og fremover, og derfor sender vi denne søknaden for å be om midler til denne aktiviteten.

UiS har et meget energisk forskerteam innen økonomi og klima. For eksempel ble Dora Simons forskning nylig nevnt i The Economist, Anders Åkermans forskning ble denne uken nevnt av Det hvite hus i den amerikanske presidentens årlige økonomiske rapport, og Torfinn Harding skriver jevnlig artikler i Dagens Næringsliv og opptrer på norsk TV. For at denne gruppen skal overleve, er det svært viktig å kunne arrangere seminarer om klimaendringer på høyeste internasjonale nivå.

Seminarer med internasjonale forskere om økonomi og klima ved Universitetet i Stavanger

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Improving tropical forest conservation in Africa

The importance of non-timber forest products (NTFPs) for better balancing tropical forest conservation and poverty alleviation goals is increasingly recognised. Yet, in Africa, poor understanding of the impact of harvesting on species’ populations and forest carbon stocks, together with little information on the traditional institutions which have informally regulated NTFPs extraction in the past -and could continue to do so in the future-, hamper the use of NTFPs in both forest conservation and development initiatives. 
AFRI-FOR will gather the knowledge needed to determine (1) the key enablers of sustainable harvesting for groups of plant or wild meat species, (2) which types of NTFP harvesting can have synergies with carbon storage, and (3) how traditional institutions can be integrated into formal conservation. To achieve these objectives, AFRI-FOR provide new methods, including (i) a new interdisciplinary approach for investigating NTFPs harvesting impacts, combining traditional ecological knowledge (TEK, from local communities), surveys of plants and wildlife, market surveys and modelling techniques; and (ii) a novel standardised protocol for gathering information about traditional institutions and compliance towards them. AFRI-FOR will gather data and knowledge from 20 socio-ecological forest contexts in five countries (Sierra Leone, Cameroon, DR Congo, Uganda and Kenya), which will allow insights to transcend single sites and provide a much-needed general understanding. This high-risk and high-gain project will provide a step-change in our ability to inform forest conservation in Africa, by identifying synergies between biodiversity conservation, carbon storage and poverty alleviation goals.


RETRACE-prosjektet, som strekker seg over tre år, tar for seg den økende trusselen fra naturkatastrofer, som har rammet over 2,3 milliarder mennesker siden 2000-tallet. RETRACE fokuserer på lokalsamfunn i Arktis og Stillehavsområdet, som marquisene i Fransk Polynesia, samene og kvenene i Norge og ahtnaene i Alaska, og har som mål å styrke motstandskraften mot klimarisiko. Disse lokalsamfunnene, som er dypt sammenvevd med omgivelsene sine, gir uvurderlig innsikt i hvordan man overlever og trives i en krevende miljøsituasjon.

RETRACE tar utgangspunkt i hypotesen om at urfolks- og lokalkunnskapssystemer, særlig fra lokalsamfunn i polar- og stillehavsområdene, er uunnværlige for å utvikle effektive strategier for motstandskraft. Prosjektets metode innebærer å samle inn et rikt datasett som omfatter vitnesbyrd, kulturelle praksiser og levde erfaringer, i tillegg til kvantitative analyser. Målet er å skape et omfattende rammeverk som tar hensyn til lokale kontekster og fremmer tilpasningsdyktige og inkluderende resilienspraksiser.

Et internasjonalt forskerteam fra Frankrike, Norge og USA samler en rekke ulike ferdigheter for å bygge bro mellom vitenskapelig forskning og virkeligheten i lokalsamfunnene. Målet er å utvikle et romlig beslutningsstøttesystem som både bidrar til å visualisere resiliensdata og fungerer som et verktøy for samfunnsbasert beslutningstaking, noe som forbedrer evnen til å håndtere risiko og utnytte tradisjonell kunnskap på en effektiv måte.

Ved å kombinere lokal innsikt med vitenskapelig innovasjon skal RETRACE bane vei for resiliensstrategier som både er bærekraftige og tar hensyn til de unike behovene til sårbare lokalsamfunn. Dette prosjektet setter ikke bare søkelyset på urfolks- og lokalkunnskapens avgjørende rolle når det gjelder å håndtere klimaendringene, men har også som mål å sette lokalsamfunn over hele verden i stand til å håndtere de utfordringene som et klima i endring fører med seg.

The three-year RETRACE project responds to the increasing impact of natural disasters on over 2.3 billion people since the beginning of the millennium. It has a particular focus on Arctic and Pacific communities vulnerable to climate risks, specifically, the Marquesan community in French Polynesia, the Sámi and Kven communities in Norway, and the Ahtna people in Alaska. The project aims to address the resilience(s) of communities, in order to develop more inclusive and equitable approaches to developing and implementing resilience strategies.

Five hypotheses guide the research, based on the assumption that indigenous communities such as the ones living in Polar zones and Pacific islands, developed resilience knowledge and strategies to cope with climate-related events. The project aims to co-develop a spatial decision-support system for producing and visualizing qualitative and quantitative data on the different forms of local, community, intrinsic and traditional resiliences in those communities.

Utilizing a narrative approach, the consortium collects testimonials, cultures, memories, experiences, sensitivities and expertise from both Arctic and Pacific communities on forms of resilience and their visions of climate risks, alongside quantitative open-source data from traditional assessments. This data will be cross-referenced to build an interdisciplinary framework for a nuanced understanding of local needs, suitable to assess resilience in local contexts. 

Comprising researchers from France, Norway and the USA with diverse expertise, the consortium aims to contribute in developing risk management and resilience strategies by integrating local and indigenous knowledge into an adaptable and sustainable spatial decision-making tool. The tool aims to bridge the gap between international scientific research and local community realities, potentially informing strategies in other vulnerable territories in the future.

ResilienceS to climate risks: lessons from Arctic and Pacific communities

AGREE tar for seg klimaendringers innvirkning på kulturarv gjennom tverrfaglige metoder og samarbeid mellom ulike samfunnsaktører. Prosjektet tar særlig for seg urbane områder som påvirkes av flom. Målet er å forstå det komplekse forholdet mellom forvaltning av kulturarv, klimatilpasning og samfunnets sårbarhet, og å se på tiltak for å minimere risiko for tap og ødeleggelse som følge av klimaendringer. Sentrale delmål inkluderer integrering av strategier for bevaring av kulturarv med strategier for klimatilpasning, spesielt gjennom konseptet Historisk Urban Landskap (HUL). 

AGREE vil utvikle en beslutningsmodell forankret i HUL-konseptet som sammenligner dagens forvaltningspraksis med historiske data for å belyse sårbarhet og klimatilpasning i en urban kontekst. AGREE vil fremme transformative strategier for klimatilpasning ved å evaluere beslutningstakernes forståelse av disse samspillene. 

Prosjektet ledes av University of Leeds (Storbritannia), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Politecnico di Torino (Italia) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), British Council (Storbritannia), UK’s Department for Culture, Media and Sport (Storbritannia), Hull City Council (Storbritannia) og Innlandet fylke (Norge) deltar som samarbeidspartnere. Gjennom dette samarbeidet skal prosjektet bidra til å forme politikk og klimastrategier, både lokalt og globalt.  AGREE vil også engasjere publikum for å øke bevisstheten om klimatilpasning og mobilisere til felles handling.  Gjennom bred involvering skal AGREE bidra til å sikre at kulturarven forblir beskyttet og motstandsdyktig i møte med klimaendringer.

Alt i alt vil AGREE utforske klimaendringers påvirkning på kulturarv med en praksisorientert tilnærming, og med fokus på samarbeid, databasert beslutningstaking og samfunnsengasjement for å sikre vår felles kulturarv for fremtidige generasjoner.

AGREE champions transformative sustainability in response, emphasizing interdisciplinary methodologies and societal shifts. It explores the intricate link between cultural heritage governance, climate adaptation, and community resilience, rooted in responses to flooding in urban contexts. AGREE promotes the Historic Urban Landscape concept for integrative decision-making in climate adaptation, considering community resilience amidst environmental changes. An interactive Geographic Information System platform will illuminate this interplay over time. An innovative AGREE's contribution is a decision-making model grounded in the HUL paradigm. This model juxtaposes current national and local policies enabling cultural heritage integration in climate adaptation with historical data sources revealing urban resilience lessons and changes in the built environment over time. AGREE employs transformative governance concepts to evaluate decision-makers comprehension of these synergies and their perspectives. It advances transformative climate adaptation by uncovering potentials and barriers within heritage governance in case studies from the UK, Norway, and Italy. Beyond research, AGREE will shape policies with multi-scalar and cross-sectorial governance, interpreting climate intricacies through cultural heritage. It will strengthen global, national, and local heritage-focused climate strategies through partnerships with the British Council, ICCROM, and the UK's Department for Culture, Media, and Sport and local stakeholders, such as Hull City Council (UK) and Innlandet Region (Norway). AGREE also engages the public, raising climate adaptation awareness and mobilizing collective action, benefiting governmental climate efforts.

Advancing Cultural Heritage Governance for Resilient Climate Adaptation

SASCHA har som mål å utvikle praktiske verktøy og metoder for å vurdere og håndtere kulturminner når klimaendringer utgjør en risikofaktor. Prosjektet ledes av University College London (UCL), og har Norsk institutt for kulturminneforskning (NIKU), Arizona State University (USA), NHAZCA (Italia) og North Carolina State University (USA) med som partnere. ICCROM (International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and Restoration of Cultural Property), English Heritage Trust (Storbritannia) og Ventotene kommune (Italia) deltar i prosjektet som samarbeidspartnere. 

 Hovedmål for prosjektet:  
- Utvikling av indikatorer og målemetoder for måling av klimaendringers virkning på kulturarv. 
- Etablere metoder for å involvere relevante aktører i identifiseringen og målingen av disse virkningene. Metodene skal kunne tilpasses lokale forhold og kulturell kontekst. 
- Utvikle verktøy for å hjelpe beslutningstakere til å vurdere og anvende målinger på ulike nivåer. 
- Utforske utfordringer og muligheter knyttet til bruk av nye metoder for vurdering klimarelaterte risikofaktorer for kulturminner. 

Ved å oppnå disse målene skal SASCHA ruste lokalsamfunn og kulturminneforvaltningen til å bedre forstå og håndtere klimarisiko. I tillegg, gjennom samarbeid med organisasjoner som UNESCO og ICCROM, skal SASCHA bidra til globale diskusjoner om hvordan klimaproblematikken kan integreres i kulturminneforvaltningens praksis. Alt i alt vil SASCHA legge til rette for politikkutvikling og styrke kulturminneforvaltningen ved å tilby verktøy og metoder for å effektivt vurdere, tolke og formidle klimarisiko for kulturarvsteder over hele verden.

SASCHA proposes operationalisation for transferable risk assessment and a value-based decision support tool. Supported by this approach, the overarching aim of SASCHA is therefore to develop innovative methods for understanding risks of climate change for heritage that allow for multiscale analysis and scalable approaches, bridging the gaps between local knowledge and global data, and from local vulnerability to global risks. To this end, SASCHA will: a) develop a set of operationalised indicators/metrics for relevant determinants of climate change; b) develop a locally adaptable protocol for stakeholders' engagement in the identification of relevant determinants of climate impacts that acknowledge and celebrate diversity in cultural contexts; c) develop a climate adaptation decision support tool to evaluate relevance of assessment approaches for different spatial scales; d) explore the challenges and opportunities of an operationalisation approach to climate change--heritage risk. Addressing a complex, wide and research-intensive subject, SASCHA unfolds several organisational, scientific, technical, technological and cultural heritage-oriented elements. SASCHA includes four research partners, together bringing significant experience in climate change and heritage and requisite expertise in physical sciences (UCL), social sciences and humanities (NIKU, NCSU/ASU) and technology (NHAZCA). The consortium can significantly contribute to safeguarding and protecting their region's coastal heritage but also to the global discussion of the integration of climate impacts assessment on cultural heritage through the close collaboration with UNESCO's Advisory body, ICCROM and case study stakeholders. SASCHA will develop methods for assessing, interpreting, and communicating climate change risks for heritage, while also supporting effective policy development and heritage management.

Multiscale approaches and scalability within climate change-heritage risk assessments

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

Soil food webs play an important role in the functioning of Arctic ecosystems, but our knowledge of the distribution, dispersal and impacts of different organism groups is scarce. This project aims to gather experts on different aspects of the soil food web and its impacts, to paint an overview of the current state of knowledge and future research priorities. By summarizing the existing knowledge gaps, we will be able to highlight the most important areas that remain to be explored, set up a collaboration framework and suggest harmonized methods for future studies. A two-day workshop will serve as a basis for the writing of a publication summarizing existing data and their limitations, and will be the cradle of a network for Arctic soil ecologists that will span across countries but more importantly across domains of expertise: from plant roots and their consumers to microorganisms, gases and their impacts on the climate system.

Kick-off meeting of the Circum-Arctic Present and Future Ecology of the Soil Food Web Network

Midlene fra PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver fordelt på år

Midlene fra PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver fordelt på fagområde

WIRESCAN  Sub-Sea Development Project
Real-Time Condition Monitoring and Analysis for Sub-Sea Wire Systems

Selection imposed by intense harvesting of marine species may lead to evolutionary changes in life histories and behavioural traits on a contemporary time scale. However, our understanding of how harvesting may warp the selective landscape is still limite d, partly due to the difficulty of tracking the fate of individuals, and their genes, in the open sea. Here, I argue that empirical field studies on coastal populations may hold great potential for assessing harvest-related selective processes. First, rea lism will be maintained by studying wild animals in their natural habitat. Second, control will be improved due to semi-sheltered study areas containing local populations of harvested species. Last, but not least, a field-experimental approach will be pur sued thanks to the existence of replicated non-harvested coastal marine reserves and associated control areas. I propose a comparative study on two harvested species: the Atlantic cod and the European lobster. The main goal is to quantify fitness effects  of selective harvesting and protection from harvesting within coastal marine reserves. The proposed work will benefit from existing data sets on marine reserves. In addition, I aim to set up empirical field studies linking life history data, molecular gen etic data and behavioural data in order to broadly assess fitness of marine species in their natural environment. Rather than simply quantifying the direct link between phenotypic traits, such as body size, and the probability of capture by fishing gear,  i.e. selection by fishing, the goal is to also explore unanticipated responses to selection by fishing, i.e. effects on reproductive success and personality traits such as activity level and home range. I argue that the proposed work has the potential to  significantly advance our current status of knowledge and for opening new horizons and opportunities for eco-evolutionary research on harvested species.

Understanding fitness effects of harvesting and protection of coastal marine resources

Two principles are commonly invoked in support of the view that we - the affluent in the developed world - have a responsibility to address global poverty. The first is based on the idea that because the poor are in severe need and we are in a position to  alleviate such need at some cost, we have responsibilities to do so - the principle of assistance. The second principle is based on the idea that because the poor are in severe need and we have contributed or are contributing to their need we have respon sibilities to alleviate it - the principle of contribution. This project will investigate the meaning, moral significance, and practical implications of these two principles, and will address some of the crucial and often underappreciated implications of  the failures of affluent agents to act on their responsibilities to address global poverty.

This project will pursue innovation across five main themes. First, we will develop a compelling account of the distinction between contributing to global poverty  and merely failing to prevent it. Second, we will explore the relative importance of different kinds of responsibilities (based on either principle) that the affluent may have to address global poverty. Third, we will examine in detail the largely neglec ted issue of how to distinguish and specify fair standards in the application of ethical principles such as the principles of assistance and contribution under conditions of evidential and ethical uncertainty. Fourth, we will pose the generally overlooked  but particularly urgent question of what actions the poor are at liberty to take to protect themselves when the affluent fail to meet their responsibilities to alleviate poverty. Fifth, we relate our philosophical conclusions to real-life political quest ions of climate change, trade policies, and management of the Norwegian Pension Fund.

Responding to Global Poverty:
On what the affluent ought to do and what the poor are permitted to do

Background: Obesity, vitamin D insufficiency and asthma are uprising and serious public health problems. Vitamin D is postulated to play a role in asthma development due to its regulating effect on the immune system. However, previous studies show quite c onflicting results. Obesity has been reported to be associated with both vitamin D insufficiency and asthma. Nevertheless, the interrelationship between obesity, vitamin D insufficiency and asthma has not systematically been studied in a prospective setti ng.

The primary objective of this project is to investigate serum 25(OH)D levels in relation to incident asthma, prevalent asthma and asthma severity/control.

The secondary objectives of this project: a) To investigate the predictive effect of obesity o n asthma incidence and severity/control; b) To explore if vitamin D insufficiency is a plausible explanation for obesity-asthma association.

Methods: Two populations are included in the project, i.e. a defined prospective cohort Norwegian population (n =  25500) and a cross-sectional Canadian population (n = 5000). Of the cohort Norwegian population, a nested case-control study including all new asthma cases (n = 700) and random non-asthma controls (n = 1100) will be carried out to evaluate the relationsh ip between serum 25(OH)D levels and incident asthma. In the project, there are two main exposure variables, i.e. obesity expressed by measured body mass index and waist circumference, and serum 25(OH)D levels which will be measured by HPLC assays. There a re three main outcome variables including incident asthma, prevalent asthma and asthma severity/control.

Implication: It will provide high scientific value of enhancing our understanding about the interrelationship between obesity, vitamin D insufficienc y and asthma. If the relationships are found to be true, we will have a potentially cheap, safe and easy means of control and prevention for asthma, particularly in obesity-related difficult asthma.

Obesity, vitamin D insufficiency, and asthma in Norwegian and Canadian populations

13.5.2011: Nytt prosjektsammendrag:

We propose to obtain genome and metagenome sequences from Thermotogales isolates and enrichment cultures, from hydrocarbon-rich environments (e.g. oil reservoirs). We will also obtain metagenomic data from environmetal  samples with low diversity and/or high numbers of Thermotogales bacteria. The sequences will be used to investigate the population structure and biogeography of these bacteria; e.g. level of migration and genetic exchange within and between geographical  sites. We will also explore how oil-reservoir-Thermotogales bacteria are adapted to this environment through comparative genomic analyses as well as selective cultivation. The data generated will give us information on how these bacteria can interact gene tically over large geographic distances and how frequent such migrations between populations are, as well as help answer if Thermotogales populations in oil reservoirs are truly indigenous to oil fields or if they are introduced for instance during reserv oir development. By studying both thermophilic and mesophilic populations we will be able to assess how these different life styles affect their genomes and populations. Our findings will also further our understanding on what constitutes a prokaryotic sp ecies, one of the most contentious issues in microbiology. Finally, the data obtained here will have implications for biotechnology and oil industry. Microbes living in oil reservoirs can have both pernicious and beneficial effects on oil production. For  instance, microbial biodegradation of oil has negative economic consequences (17, 69). Microbial enhanced oil recovery, in contrast, has the potential to offer cost-effective solutions (31). Current production technologies can recover 1/3 - ½ of the oil i n a reservoir; technologies that can help recover even parts of the remaining oil will have significant long-term impact. Thus, one long-term goal of this project is to help develop the basic science needed to understand the effects microbes have on oil r eservoirs through studying bacteria thought to be indigenous (or at least readily adaptable) to oil fields.



















We propose to obtain a minimum of 100 - 200 new Thermotogales strains mainly from hydrocarbon-rich environments, such as oil res ervoirs, as well as from mesophilic polluted sediments. The isolates will be used in MLST and genomic analyses to investigate the population structure and biogeography of these bacteria; e.g. level of migration and genetic exchange within and between geog raphical sites. We will also explore how oil-reservoir-Thermotogales bacteria are adapted to this environment by obtaining genes specific for such strains through subtractive hybridization. The data generated here will give us information on how these bac teria can interact genetically over large geographic distances and how frequent such migrations between populations are, as well as help answer if Thermotogales populations in oil reservoirs are truly indigenous to oil fields or if they are introduced e.g . during reservoir development. By studying both thermophilic and mesophilic populations we will be able to assess how these different life styles affect population structure. Our findings will also further our understanding on what constitutes a prokaryo tic species, one of the most contentious issues in microbiology. Finally, the data obtained here will have implications for biotechnology and oil industry. Microbes living in oil reservoirs can have both pernicious and beneficial effects on oil production . For instance, microbial biodegradation of oil has negative economic consequences. Microbial enhanced oil recovery, in contrast, has the potential to offer cost-effective solutions. Current production technologies can recover 1/3 - ½ of the oil in a rese rvoir; technologies that can help recover even parts of the remaining oil will have significant long-term impact. Thus, one long-term goal of this project is to help develop the basic science needed to understand the effects microbes have on oil reservoir s through studying bacteria thought to be indigenous to oil fields.

Biogeographic and population analyses of Thermotogales bacteria from hydrocarbon-rich environments

Project Summary

Genome instability is one of the hallmarks of cancer. However, the mechanisms that protect the genome against spontaneous gross chromosomal rearrangements (GCRs) are not well understood. In recent years several pathways have been identifi ed that protect the genome against spontaneous GCRs. One such pathway involves cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs). CDKs are proline-directed serine/threonine kinases that function in complex with cyclins. CDKs drive the cell cycle, are improperly regulated i n tumors, and unscheduled CDK activition results in increased GCR rates. However, the nature of the targets of CDKs that affect genome stability remains obscure, and few bona fide CDK targets have been identified. This project proposal is aimed at identif ication of the pathways that are controlled by CDKs and which function in genome maintenance and in cell survival during DNA damage. Using the model organism Saccharomyces cerevisiae, I plan to unravel the genetic pathways involving CDC28 (the yeast CDK t hat controls the cell cycle) using an automated chemical-genetics screen. Furthermore, I will verify putative in vivo targets of Cdc28 and map the sites that get phosphorylated by Cdc28. Finally, I will determine the function of these targets in maintenan ce of genome stability and in cell survival during DNA damage.

The Function of Cyclin Dependent Kinases in the DNA Damage Response and Maintenance of Genome Stability

Increased labor force participation has been an indisputable goal of developed economies. The main arguments have been that increased labor force participation promotes economic growth and reduces poverty. Surprisingly, despite the emphasis on increased l abor force participation as a policy goal, the labor literature does not provide a complete understanding of the full welfare implications of labor force participation. In particular, the fact that labor force participation often takes place in a social c ontext has received little attention. 
   In the proposed research we will empirically investigate effects of labor force participation on spouses, children and peers. First, we will explore how parents' labor force participation affects children in terms  of educational and health outcomes. Second, we will explore the causal effect of labor force participation on marriage and fertility. Finally, we will investigate whether an individual's labor force participation influences his or her peers' participatio n.
   Identifying a causal relationship between a person's labor force participation and outcomes of family members and peers is complicated by omitted variable bias. For example, intelligent mothers may be more likely to work, and their children's educat ional performance could reflect genetically inherited abilities rather than their mother's labor force participation. We plan to overcome omitted variable bias by utilizing various child care and labor market reforms, in addition to plant downsizing event s, as "natural experiments". 
   Investigating the effects of labor force participation on family members and peers is also complicated by data availability. The task requires data on an individual's labor force participation, linked to relevant outcomes for the individual's children, spouse and peers. We will utilize three Norwegian databases that provide a unique opportunity to investigate indirect effects of labor force participation.

The Effects of Labor Force Participation on Spouses, Children and Peers

Computer simulation is an important tool in many areas of science.
Increasingly complex mathematical models are being solved in large
computer simulations, complementing and sometimes replacing
traditional experimental techniques as the main tool of scien tific
investigation. In any such computer simulation, it is pivotal that the
quality of the computed solution may be determined. However, the
assessment of the quality of a computed solution is challenging, both
mathematically and computationally. As a co nsequence, the quality of
the solution must often be assessed manually by the scientist or
engineer running the simulation. This is unreliable as well as
time-consuming, and it effectively prevents computer simulation from
realizing its full potential as a standard tool in science and industry.

The aim of the proposed research is to develop a general methodology
for automated computation and error control, with special emphasis on
fluid-structure interaction problems in biomedicine. The aim is also to
re alize the methodology in free software components that are accessible
to practitioners, including medical doctors. Currently, no such tools exist
and the relevance and potential impact of the proposed research is
therefore very large.

The proposed resear ch has a broad spectrum and is expected to produce
concrete results that include a general mathematical methodology for
automated error control, software components implementing the
methodology and increased knowledge for a set of challenging key
applicat ions in biomedicine, including the simulation of turbulent
flow through the aortic valve, pulmonary support by forced ventilation
and diagnosis of stenosis by noninvasive acoustic measurement.

The research will be carried out in collaboration with resear ch groups
in Norway, Sweden, the Netherlands and the USA.

Automation of Error Control with Application to
Fluid-Structure Interaction in Biomedicine.

PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver

WIRESCAN Sub-Sea Development Project Real-Time Condition Monitoring and Analysis for Sub-Sea Wire Systems

Tildelt: kr 3,0 mill.

Budsjettformål:

PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver

Finansieringskilder

Temaer og emner