2018

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Samisk samfunn og kultur

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Demokrati og global utvikling

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Velferd og utdanning

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Helse

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Muliggjørende teknologier

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Chemosensation is a critical signalling process for sea cucumbers which relies on the interaction between their chemosensory receptors and various ligands for foraging and reproduction. Although there is a vast amount of research on the chemistry of secreted specialized metabolites of sea cucumbers, and some behavioural data evidencing chemoreception of these metabolites, the chemosensory receptors of these organisms have not yet been identified and nothing is known about the physiology behind sea cucumber chemosensation. This setback is in large part because the scientific approach behind studying chemosensation requires a vast array of techniques and expertise in ethology, chemistry, molecular biology, and biophysics.  Firstly, a behaviour associated with a chemical cue must be quantifiable, secondly, the precise chemical cue eliciting the behaviour response must be identified and isolated, thirdly, the chemosensory receptor of this specific cue needs to be identified on a tissue, cellular, and molecular level, and finally, the activation of this specific receptor by a specific chemical cue must elicit a measurable response on a molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal level. Through this project, I will elucidate the physiology of chemical communication between sea cucumber by considering these sequential steps in chemosensation. With my previous experience in sea cucumber ethology and chemistry, SensHolo will enrich my skill base in molecular biology and biophysics so that the mechanisms behind intraspecific chemical communication between sea cucumbers may be determined from both the emitter and receiver perspective; from signal to receptor.  This holistic approach will be ground-breaking in chemosensation and sea cucumber research. It will enable future research to address the evolution of chemosensation in marine invertebrates and the chemical ecology of sea cucumbers both in the context of optimizing aquaculture and in their ecological conservation.

Chemosensation in Holothruoids

Building the nExT generaTion of marine Eco-friendly wind faRm

The demands on marine space in the EU and worldwide waters have never been greater, driven by the need to provide energy security, develop essential renewable energy infrastructure, create social and economic value and ensure the restoration and future resilience of marine biodiversity and ecosystem services. Whilst Offshore Wind Farms (OWFs) play a key role in combatting climate change, they are not only vulnerable to climate change-induced hazards but also impact marine biodiversity. Focusing solely on engineering aspects to optimise risks and reliabilities in the design of OWFs without addressing the impact on marine biodiversity is sufficient for meeting the requirements of resilient and sustainable development in future OWFs. Therefore, an urgent shift is necessary from the conventional engineering-oriented design approach and mindset to a more comprehensive approach that integrates both engineering aspects and environmental considerations. BETTER assembles a diverse, multidisciplinary team to train a new generation of Doctoral Candidates (DCs) capable of addressing ambitious scientific objectives. The training environment is highly integrated, cross-disciplinary, and intersectoral, enriched through secondments with non-academic partners. This collaborative approach advocates for a paradigm shift in OWF design, promoting a comprehensive strategy that integrates engineering with deep considerations for environmental impacts. BETTER emphasises critical learning, fostering solutions for climate-resilient OWF construction and sustainable marine development. By providing a collaborative, cross-disciplinary training environment, BETTER equips the 15 DCs with the skills, knowledge, and perspectives to navigate the intersection of engineering, environmental sustainability, and marine biodiversity. In doing so, BETTER addresses immediate challenges and lays a foundation for a sustainable and resilient future for offshore wind energy and marine ecosystems.

Breaching the boundaries of safety and intelligence in autonomous systems with risk-based rationality

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

Combined Spatial-Temporal Models and Decadal Climate Predictions for Tuna Fisheries

Tuna, a cornerstone of global fisheries, representing 10% of marine catches and sustaining numerous jobs, confronts pressing challenges from overfishing and climate change. To address these issues comprehensively, our proposal outlines a three-fold strategy: 1 - Advanced Spatial Modeling: We will employ Bayesian spatial models, specifically INLA (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation), to predict tuna catch and price dynamics while considering vital environmental factors. This approach will unveil intricate relationships between catch, prices, and environmental variables, providing a deeper understanding of the complex interplay; 2 -	Climate-Based Predictions: Building upon the insights gained from our spatial models, we will integrate predictions from the Norwegian Climate Prediction Model (NorCPM). This integration will allow us to provide skillful forecasts for tuna catch and price fluctuations over the next decade. These forecasts are invaluable for anticipating and responding to dynamic changes in the tuna industry, enhancing its resilience; 3 - User-Friendly Web Application: In collaboration with experts from ICES (International Council for the Exploration of the Sea) and the Norwegian IMR (Institute of Marine Research), we will develop a user-friendly web application. By developing this tool, we aim to make our scientific insights accessible to a wide audience, including researchers, managers, and policymakers. This project not only enhances our understanding of tuna fisheries and climate vulnerabilities but also empowers coastal communities, supports sustainability, and aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals. Our commitment to open-science practices ensures lasting impact through readily available project code and results. 

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

Botanical Concrete: new green material for Artificial Reef

Tourism, recreation, fishing, marine aquaculture, and many other economic activities depend on the diverse marine ecosystems globally. However, a combination of factors such as global warming, ocean acidification, and increment of cyclones in recent years have led to the aggravating degradation of natural reefs, one of the most varied marine ecosystems on Earth. Artificial reefs (AR) are widely used for habitat restoration, ecological development, and coastline protection. Concrete is the most successful AR material, but it generates substantial CO2 emissions, has high contamination, and has low bio-receptivity. Botanical concrete developed by author during PhD study is based on the concept of a circular economy with 100% responsible use of waste materials and its carbon negative and non-toxic characteristics provide exciting potential in building the green infrastructure in ocean. This research aims to enhance the durability, bioreceptivity and versatility of wood-waste-based botanical concrete to create a green route for the design of the new generation of multifunctional eco-friendly AR for coastal protection and coral restoration. Based on nutrition, water quality and settlement substrate test in marine environment (lab-level) the raw materials are selected. Followed by formation design through advanced simulation, Computed Tomography scanning and experiments on durability and mechanical performance, and life cycle assessment, the prototype of AR will be tailored to achieve optimal density for easy installation, high resilience in storms, superior capability for coral larval settlement and biodiversity. The results will revolutionize the way in which ARs are made and boost the efficient use of recycled resources and alleviate climate change by moving into a clean circular blue economy. The project will contribute to the EU’s sustainable blue economy strategies, including decarbonization, circular economy, biodiversity, climate adaptation, and sustainable food.

Fluxes at divergent plate Boundary Environments Analyzed in Time and Space

FluxBEATS is a Doctoral Network in Earth sciences. It focusses on the material fluxes, magmatic, ore-forming and environmental processes at divergent plate boundaries and explores how these relate to processes since the Precambrian that formed the majority of the economic, mined global metal deposits. Comprehensive training in field, analytical, and modelling skills will involve 12 European academic and 5 non-academic partners and establish a unique training platform in interdisciplinary Earth Science research, involving Marine, Economic and Structural Geology, Geochemistry, Geophysics, Biogeochemistry, Geobiology, Petrology, Geodynamics, and Hydromechanics. The programme includes 10 doctoral candidates in two scientific working packages from the Earth's mantle through the crust to the ocean. FluxBEATS targets geological and environmental processes from the present to the past and will investigate complementary processes in both submarine and subaerial environments. The DCs will acquire a unique interdisciplinary, intersectoral scientific and internationally transferable skillset, preparing them to become Europe's highly demanded future leaders for responsible exploration and exploitation of mineral resources in the submarine and subaerial environment in a world of increasing demand of critical metals. The DCs will develop novel, integrated models of elemental transport, ore-formation as well as evolution of ecosystem changes at divergent plate boundaries through time. Overall, FluxBEATS will therefore provide an academic and non-academic perspective on the fundamental processes that control the occurrence and quality of base and precious metal resources in high economic demand, and the evolution of ecosystems through time, and establish a basis for future responsible EU green-mining policies in the marine and terrestrial environment.

Hydrodynamic Performance Optimization of Trimaran Vessels for Offshore Wind Operations and Maintenance

Due to rapid global development of offshore wind, challenges of ensuring high efficiency in operations and maintenance (O&M) for offshore wind turbines become prominent in reducing the levelized cost of energy. Trimaran vessels, known for their high-performance characteristics including exceptional speed, seakeeping and spacious deck areas, give advantages in performing the O&M activities effectively. Current research on the hydrodynamic performance of the trimarans primarily focuses on conventional applications without considering their practical utility related to offshore wind O&M activities. When the trimarans approaching the wind turbine substructures, unique hydrodynamic characteristics of the vessels needs to be understood to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the maintenance operations. To date, for offshore wind O&M applications, there is no existing detailed hydrodynamic study concerning the optimization of the outrigger layout for the trimarans. Thus, a computationally efficient hydrodynamic optimization method based on Harmonic Polynomial Cell (HPC) method will be developed in this project. The developed method will then be validated against Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) simulations. By utilizing Nondominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA-II) as a multi-objective optimization algorithm in conjunction with Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network, an outrigger layout optimization method will be tailored for the trimaran O&M vessels under different operational conditions. During the fellowship, I will employ interdisciplinary approaches for my studies, such as the applications of the HPC method in calculating multi-body hydrodynamic problems, CFD simulations in validating the developed solver and the BP neural network method in improving the multi-objective optimization efficiency. This will effectively improve my research capability and facilitate the developed optimization solver for the applications in offshore wind O&M activities.

OCEANic presence in deep-sea MINing: how the sEa co-proDuces situational knowledges and practices

Deep Sea Mining (DSM) is capturing significant attention across political, scientific, and societal domains. The deep sea is becoming a valuable source of capital, challenging its historical perception as "the last great wilderness". OCEAN-MINeD seeks to venture into these uncharted waters in order to investigate the implications that arise when mineral extraction shifts to an entirely distinct environmental realm, such as the ocean. Despite numerous social scientific studies investigating political, jurisdictional and environmental aspects of DSM, an evident gap remains in the exploration of the ocean's intricate material and discursive dimensions. The ocean transcends being merely a static body of water—it stands as an ever-present and dynamic force that continually shapes the facets of maritime extraction, the experiences of workers, and the crafting of “situational” knowledges and practices. Drawing inspiration from the innovative literature on the oceanic turn and the new interest in the three-dimensional and turbulent materiality of the sea, OCEAN-MINeD asks how mining “get(s) wet” and grapples with the ceaseless “oceanic presence”. OCEAN-MINeD examines these questions by conducting a multi-sited and ethnographic research across three distinct DSM hotspots in Norway: at the headquarters of Loke Marine Mineral to explore resource management processes, at the head office of Kongsberg Maritime to untangle DSM technology, and on board a DSM vessel to explore offshore operations. OCEAN-MINeD aims to develop a novel theoretical and ethnographic ocean-based approach designed specifically to investigate the role of the sea as a political and social actor in understanding the sociality, work and automation of DSM. The project will thus contribute to a broader understanding of the complex interplay between humanity, technology and the ocean within the realm of DSM, which is crucial for developing more sustainable policies on the use of marine resources.  

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Reduction of turbulence induced flow noise on seismic equipment.

The aim of Effera Insight (EFI) project is to mature, pilot and commercialise the only cloud based IIoT ecosystem available in the market for the efficient and sustainable management of people and resources designed with the aim of ensuring integration and interoperability with current business software tools and infrastructure.

Customer pain and EU societal/industrial problem: Worldwide, companies within the Oil and Gas (O&G), Mining, and Civil Engineering sectors are facing significant productivity, profitability, performance, and sustainability challenges. While projects are becoming larger and more complex, raw material prices and the macroeconomic environment have become more volatile creating a riskier and rapidly evolving business environment . Furthermore, stricter safety and environmental regulations and increased cost derived from the higher project complexity, together with the strong competition among companies within these industries are reducing profit margins.

Our Innovative Solution: EFIs main benefit comes from being the only open IIoT ecosystem (i.e. platform, infrastructure, and application framework) capable of unlocking the full value of data generated during the regular operation processes in the O&G, Mining and Civil Engineering industries. The EFI ecosystem is built on industry standards with a high focus on integration and interoperability enabling data exchange among the different systems to ensure that businesses perform tasks in the most efficient and safe manner and the sustainable management of people and resources.

Effera Insight

This project aims to secure funding for the first phase of our project under establishment  “Free my feed - Amplify reach of social posts to publisher’s websites”, using the new H2020 dedicated SME instrument. 

This project was selected as one of 3 Norwegian projects to receive support by Google´s Digital News Initiative fund. This support is to do market validation and build a prototype during 2018.

The purpose of the project is to build a simple ad product to allow local advertisers promote their social posts to local audiences through publishers’ websites. This opens a new revenue stream from an attractive ad spending segment for publishers.

The most critical R&D challenges are 
* Develop new ad creative formats that utilize the engagement in social channels
* Develop system for automatic generation of ad creatives based on available social content
* Research usage trends and develop models for targeting to the most relevant local audiences

To understand and address these challenges, we have partnered with Adform, one of the world’s largest independent ad servers. Together with our partners we will work to make the product available to their advertising clients by building on their existing global infrastructure. This will allow us to measure and track relevant parameters from a large user base. Analysis of these data will help us understand these challenges.

Both advertisers and publishers benefit from this.  Simplifying the buying process by applying learnings from the buying process on social networks enables more advertisers to tap into publishers existing traffic. It would also for the first time allow advertisers to promote content cross network by including content from multiple sources without requiring new content production.

The broader impact on the publishing industry is that it levels the playing field by allowing publishers to offer competitive ad solutions over social networks in an age where they have struggled to compete for new ad euros.

PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver

Reduction of turbulence induced flow noise on seismic equipment.

Tildelt: kr 6,7 mill.

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PETROMAKS-Maksimal utnyttelse av petroleumsreserver

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