Study of the Effects of NOx Emissions Reductions from Ships on Fuel Consumption and other Emissions with Emphasis Particulates

Survey of Literature and other existing knowledge The literature study concentrates on particle formation from internal combustion engines especially after the combustion process. Emphasis will be put on how NOx and their reduction measures influence part icle formation. Investigation of growth of particulates The formation of particles in the nuclei mode, i.e. after the combustion process, is investigated under the specific conditions relevant for ship engines and their exhaust system. Special attentio n will be paid on how NOx reduction measures influence particle formation. Technical concept for particulate removal will be identified and tested and adopted or developed for this application. Experimental studies of engine emissions reductions Documen ting effect on - and formulating theories for - the effect on particulate emissions when applying the following emission reduction technologies to a medium speed engine fuelled by heavy fuel and distillates in the engine laboratory: Catalytic aftertreatme nt solutions and Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG). The particulate emissions will be investigated with respect to size, number and the composition of the various size fraction. Methodology for measurement of particulate emissions To enable the above investig ation, it will be necessary to adapt methodology for advanced PM characterisation from automotive sector (PMP protocol) to residual fuel use in laboratory based on ELPI technology. Subsequently, it will be necessary to measure particulate emissions from s hips to establish emissions factors for particulate and other relevant emissions. Fuel effects There is a very strong link between fuel composition (sulphur in particular) and particulate mass. The link between fuel characteristics and other particle cha racteristics is less known, and this should be investigated theoretically and by parametric studies. Also of relevance are fuel effects on the long term effectiveness of NOx reduction technologies.