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Continuity and Discontinuity of Psychiatric Disorders in Young Children: Testing a Socio-ecological and Transactional Model - Part 1

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The few studies conducted to date indicate that psychiatric disorders appear in young children at the same rate as in other age groups and that there is substantial continuity between preschool behavioral and emotional problems and later psychopathology. Nevertheless, not all children who have problems at a young age continue to manifest them at older ages, and some develop them as they get older. Our general aim is determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in young children in a representative an d large community sample and to explain continuity and discontinuity, using data from three levels, the family's structural characteristics, more proximal parenting/parent-child interaction processes, and that of child developmental/organismic characteri stics. A prospective design affords identification of true risk factors for disorders (not just putative ones originating from cross-sectional studies which dominate the field for this age group). Two full birth cohorts meeting at the regular health chec k-up for 4-year olds in the city of Trondheim are being screened with the SDQ (N=3,800). The attendance rate at the well-child clinic is 97%. 1,000 families are recruited to a more intensive study and the consent rate is 83%. Children high on problems ar e oversampled. Parents complete a structured diagnostic interview (ePAPA). The parent and the child meet thereafter for observation and testing, which include child characteristics (emotion regulation, executive functioning, and ANS reactivity); social c ontext and network of the family (social inequality, neighbourhood characteristics, family structure, and social support); parenting and parent-child interaction (sensitivity, parent-child synchrony in communication, and disciplining/limit setting). Data are supplemented with information from day care personnel/teachers, health nurses, medical records and from official registers. Retesting takes place after 2 years.

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PSYKISK-Psykisk helse