Slums, states and citizens: Policing, welfare services and political participation among the urban poor in New Delhi, Nairobi and Durban

This project will analyse the provision of three core state functions: security, welfare, and representation. The project has two key components. First, we will map the nature of slum dwellers? relations with the state. Does the state provide security and welfare services and channels for political representation? Do the urban poor utilise services provided by the state? Do they seek protection from the state against local oppressors? Or do they seek to avoid the state altogether? What is the role of non- state actors relative to the state in urban slums in terms of security, welfare, and representation? Are there differences between men and women in terms of how they view and relate to the state? Second, we will seek to explain the nature of these relati ons. Why are relations between the urban poor and the state they way they are? Which factors can best account for the nature of these relations, and the variations in these relations between the three cities? The project addresses how marginalised group s such as the urban poor are included and/or excluded from welfare, security and political representation, and on how donor engagement affects the urban poor's relations with the state. It will contribute to ongoing international debates about aid, povert y, democracy, citizenship and state-society relations. The project will produce robust knowledge about the character of state-society relations and their implications for efforts to reduce poverty in urban slums. This is important not only for scholarly reasons having to do with understanding the state through its relations and interactions with specific segments of society. It will also help fill an important knowledge gap for governance of urban slums