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CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering

BIGCLC Phase III

Tildelt: kr 14,5 mill.

Chemical Looping Combustion (CLC) is a novel and promising CO2 capture technology that has a large potential with respect to efficiency and CO2 capture cost. It belongs to the oxy-combustion capture route and the oxygen needed is produced by oxidizing small particles of a metal oxide in an air reactor. The particles (the "oxygen carriers") are transported to a fuel reactor where the oxygen is used to combust the fuel. The particles are then transported back for a new cycle ("loop"). The drawbacks of the CLC process are the increased process complexity compared to a standard combustion process, and the fact that the process performance becomes very dependent on the circulating particles and their chemical and mechanical stability in a very though and alternating environment. The main challenges are therefore to develop reactor and control systems which ensures stable and reliable operation, and to produce oxygen carriers with high enough attrition strength, oxygen capacity and reaction kinetics. New oxygen carriers of perovskite type have been developed in Phase I and II of the project. In Phase III the oxygen carriers have been produced directly from blending primary components using different precursors. This reduce the number of process steps and costs of producing the oxygen carrier particles. Three different types of oxygen carriers have been tested at small scale using a 3 kW fluidized bed reactor. It was fond that higher sintering temperature compared with iron substitution results in stronger mechanical materials and faster kinetics. The 150 kW CLC reactor system, which has been designed and built within the three phases of the Project, is situated at Tiller near Trondheim, Norway. This size of operation provide a more realistic testing of both the oxygen carriers and the process operability. The test rig is based on two interconnected circulating fluidized beds aiming at high fuel conversion rate and with an industrial-like process control approach with the possibility to achieve long-term automated operation. The rig has been successfully run in full CLC mode with high fuel conversion and essentially no external heating. Indeed, a methane conversion of up to 98% was achieved, even with a low inventory of oxygen carrier particles. The PhD that is working within the project has developed a two-dimensional model for a circulating fluidized bed reactor. The model predictions of both non-reacting and reacting cases have been validated against experimental data from the literature and from the test rig at Tiller.

This proposal describes a 4-year knowledge-building project with user-involvement that is supported by the FME BIGCCS. The proposed project builds upon the ongoing BIGCLC Phase II project managed by SINTEF Energi AS, also part of BIGCCS. The main aim of t his project is to bring the CLC technology to the next level of maturity by filling important knowledge gaps. A lot of research has been carried out over the last decade investigating costly oxygen carriers like nickel oxides, and doing tests in reactor s et-ups not industrially relevant. In addition, results from operation of realistic, optimized oxygen carriers is lacking in the literature. Work carried out in preceding projects (BIGCLC Phase I and II), have paved the ground for establishing SINTEF/NTNU as an internationally leading actor on the border of applied and fundamental CLC research. This is due to top-class research on materials science side (SINTEF Materials and Chemistry), that has resulted in patents and novel carrier formulations, and to wo rk done on the process side at SINTEF Energi and NTNU, as the innovative design and erection of a 150 kW rig based on industrial solutions. Combining this knowledge on reactor systems, materials technology and system simulations, the goal in BIGCLC Phase III is to enable CLC technology that deliver CO2 capture at low cost, high capture rate and low efficiency penalty. Leading technology providers have recently confirmed that CLC has become a true breakthrough CO2 capture technology. The need for more scie ntifically focused research in the field of oxygen carrier optimization in realistic environments is widely acknowledged. There is also a fundamental lack of understanding related to part of the particle behavior in the reactor systems. All these aspects will be focused in BIGCLC Phase III. International collaboration with Stanford in the US is one example of important scientific excellence that will be brought into the project.

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CLIMIT-Forskning, utvikling og demo av CO2-håndtering