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Anvendt forskning

Ny forskning fra Europa og USA peker på at bedrifter bidrar til økende lønnsforskjeller– selv innenfor smalt definerte jobber eller industrier, som økonomifag eller treforedling. Til tross for stor interesse og økende tilgjengelighet av administrative data, vet vi overraskende lite om hvordan– og hvorfor bedriftene påvirker lønnsulikhet. Det viktigste hinderet har vært at variasjon i foretaks lønns- og personalpraksis (heretter kalt HR) har vist seg vanskelig å måle for et representativt utvalg av bedrifter.

I dette prosjektet løser vi måleproblemet ved å utvikle en ny forskningsinfrastruktur. Vår datainnsamlingsmetode muliggjør måling av HR og personalpolitikk på bedriftsnivå og kobling til inntekts- og arbeidertakerforhold. 

Denne kombinasjonen tilrettelegger for ny kunnskap om bedrifters interne arbeidsmarkeder og betydningen av HR og personalpolitikk for lønnsulikhet i arbeidsmarkedet.  

Vi starter med å utforske hva HR gjør i det eksterne arbeidsmarkedet. Her vil vi prøve å forstå hvordan bruk av rekrutteringsmetode avhenger av arbeideres utdanningsnivå, f.eks. master eller grunnskole, om man ansetter fra andre arbeidsgivere eller fra arbeidsledighet, og hvordan dette virker på ulikhet. I prosjektets hoveddel vil vi undersøke hvordan bedrifter organiserer sine interne arbeidsmarkeder, som for eksempel innebærer hvordan ulike jobber er rangert i et jobbhierarki, teams, hvordan ansatte navigerer karrieremuligheter i bedriften, oppnår forfremmelse og lønnsvekst, og hvordan ansatte verdsetter de interne mulighetene i forhold til muligheter i andre bedrifter. I siste del av prosjektet vil vi undersøke betydningen av informasjon om muligheter for arbeidere og hvorvidt forskjeller i lønn også reflekterer gap i kunnskap om muligheter. 

Samlet sett vil prosjektet bidra til økt forståelse av hvordan moderne arbeidsmarkeder fungerer og hva offentlig og bedriftspolitikk kan gjøre for å håndtere utfordringer knyttet til økende lønnsulikhet.

Firms’ human resource policies play an important role in shaping individual workers’ careers and overall inequality. The key challenge with identifying the role that firms play in shaping workers’ careers is that existing worker-firm datasets, such as Norwegian register data, do not include information on what goes on inside of firms. For instance, these data do not include information on how firms advertise or fill vacant positions, how workers learn about these positions, or how firms organize their internal hierarchies. This project aims to advance our understanding of the determinants of HR policies and the consequences of these policies for individual careers and for labor market inequality. In order to do so, the researchers will establish a research infrastructure that combines the strength of the Norwegian administrative data with recent advancements in survey design. 

The research infrastructure will allow them to open the "black box" of firms’ HR policies and make three distinct contributions. In the first project, they will use the infrastructure to develop and validate new survey instruments for measuring firms’ internal HR policies. This will allow them to describe determinants of firm recruitment policies, how practices differ across firms and workers, and whether different recruitment strategies reinforce existing labor market inequalities. In the second project, they will explore workers’ search across and within firms and examine the value workers attach to internal labor markets. This will leverage experiments embedded in the worker survey, as well as recent techniques to measure the organizational structure of firms. The third project will estimate the value that workers place on information about the outside labor market. In doing so, it contributes to an ongoing academic and policy discussion about the role of information in the labor market.

Firming Up Careers: Human Resource Policies and Inequality

Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på år

Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på fagområde

This project aims to develop an environmental reconstruction of permafrost and sedimentary conditions in both Adventdalen and Sassendalen.  This will be determined using cryostratigraphic and sedimentary evidence from cores obtained from various locations in the valley bottoms.  Results of these investigations will be contextualized with existing knowledge regarding local climate, sea level, and glacial histories.

Combined sedimentology and permafrost studies of two high-Arctic valleys: Adventdalen and Sassendalen, Svalbard, Ris ID 10103

The implementation of Nature-Based Solutions (NBS) is envisioned as a key step toward building more resilient and sustainable cities, because of the multiple benefits NBS can provide (e.g., urban flood, heat and drought mitigation, biodiversity restoration, recreation, etc.). Recent research both at NTNU and INSA focussed on design, modelling, and monitoring of NBS. However, the transition toward urban resilience requires the co-existence of NBS with traditional sewer networks as hybrid “green-grey” systems, with a particular attention to asset management and their maintenance. Indeed, the successful implementation of NBS is being slowed down by the lack of knowledge on their long-term performances. The CONPASS projects aims at studying NBS in the frame of asset management, by targeting: (i) uncertainty regarding the long-term behaviour of these solutions, (ii) effect of lack of maintenance and climate change on their performance, and (iii) ignorance of their practical effectiveness and co-benefits as a barrier to their adoption.
The CONPASS project will strengthen the collaboration between NTNU and INSA both in short- and long-term actions. Both partners will share their long-term expertise on NBS (in terms of design, modelling, performance assessment and long-term monitoring) through guest lectures, and MSc and PhD exchange which will also serve ongoing R&D projects at partner institutions. In a longer-term academic collaboration, CONPASS will aim at the elaboration of a proposal for Horizon Europe calls, benefiting from both partner’s competences in NBS and asset management. In particular, it will help to put in common competences, monitoring practices and several long-term NBS datasets which are needed to address the aforementioned barrier to successful implementation of NBS.

Collaboration On Nature-based solutions Performance Assessment

In polar regions and high-altitude mountain ranges, snow algae blooms develop during summer and form colorful surfaces in melting snow. Snow algae not only contribute to primary production and carbon dioxide absorption in snow ecosystems, but these blooms also darken the snow surface, increasing the absorbance of thermal energy and contributing to accelerated melting of these habitats. A wide diversity of snow-algae species and associated microbes have been observed in snow microbiomes, yet little is known about how environmental conditions and the behaviour of cells interact and potentially promote the development, functioning and community dynamics of visible surface blooms. In this project we aim to understand how temperature and biotic interactions affect the behavior of snow-algae adapted to life in the Arctic. Our investigations will first focus on describing the effect of temperature variations on key cellular structures and then explore how snow algae respond to signals from, and interactions with, other microbes.

Unraveling the effects of biotic interactions on snow algae behaviour

The backdrop for our collaboration is rooted in the historical and current landscape of the natural wine industry. The resurgence in popularity of natural wines, tracing back to its modern beginnings in France in the 1950s (Vigneron, 2022) and the subsequent boom after Isabelle Legeron's Raw Wine gained prominence in 2009 (Raw Wine, 2023), underscores the industry's momentum (Sprayregen, 2020). In 2020, the formal recognition of natural wine in France as ‘vin méthode nature’ further highlighted the need to navigate its diverse labelling practices. Through our online experiments, we aim to pinpoint the specific attribute that holds the most value for consumers, delve into the consumer-based food label equity, and understand the premium consumers place on certain labels. The end goal is twofold: to provide actionable insights to producers on enhancing the value of their labels and to empower consumers with the knowledge to discern and select high-quality products. In essence, we are on a quest to bridge the gap between producer intentions and consumer perceptions, ensuring both parties find maximum value.

Sustainability Wine Labelling: A French – Norwegian Scientific Cooperation

The project aims to establish long-term scientific cooperation in Theoretical Computer Science between the Algorithms Research Group of the Department of Informatics of the University of Bergen (UiB) and the Algorithms, Graphs and Combinatorics (AlGCo) team of LIRMM (Laboratory of Computer Science, Robotics and Microelectronics of Montpellier). Within our project, we plan to attack hard computational problems on graphs in their most general form, combining the multivariate analysis with algorithmic meta-theorems and structural decompositions. Achieving the scientific objectives would demand a close collaboration of researchers of the AlGCo team of LIRMM and the Algorithms Research Group of UiB. The ALGCo team has a strong background in logic, algorithmic meta-theorems, and graph decompositions. The UiB part has a word-class leadership in all aspects of parameterized computation and other algorithmic techniques. Realizing the project's objective requires a combination of all these topics, which supports the complementarity of the two teams. Our main purpose is to extend the existing and initiate a new collaboration between the AlGCo team and the Algorithms Research Group. The proposal's key objective is to build a consortium for a project application within the Horizon Europe programme and to set up a LIA (Laboratoire International Associé).

Extending Tractability Bounds: Logic and Structure for Algorithms

This project formalizes an institutional collaboration between SUM (University of Oslo) and KEDGE, two leading European spaces for research on the changing role of the private sector in society. This multi-disciplinary engagement will take the initial form of four exchange visits, two by SUM researchers to KEDGE, and two by KEDGE researchers to SUM. It is also designed to build competency for two promising early career researchers, and provide an opportunity for scholars and researchers outside the direct project to also have an opportunity to engage and collaborate.

Through four team visits (two in Oslo and two in Bordeaux over the project period), the project will create a groundwork and institutional capacity for multiple future grant applications on the emerging global societal role of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles that nearly all large firms now incorporate. Our primary research question that we aim to develop into at least two large-scale proposals is:

How and why does ESG expand and challenge business-society relations in fragility, conflict, and violence (FCV) settings?

We have the following subquestions:

1) What is the relationship between business activity, violent conflict, and the role of ESG components within this relationship? In other words, how do ESG activities influence (or not) the likelihood of violent conflict?

2) How is ESG similar or different in FCV settings when compared to non-FCV settings, and do these practices have material impacts on the firm and/or society?

This mobility project will allow project PIs Miklian, Barkemeyer and Hanoteau to formally collaborate for the first time, bridging disciplines of management, peacebuilding, corporate social responsibility, economics, and development studies. These interconnections will force new breakthroughs in business-society scholarship.

Business and Society in Challenging Spaces: The Role of ESG in Fragile and Conflict-Affected Settings

This collaborative and cross-cultural project responds to the European Union initiatives and the International Olympic Comitees objective for increasing gender equality in sport. Worldwide, women in top leadership positions in sports is reported to be 8.4–20% for coaches and 10-30% for leaders. Efforts to increase women's access to these positions have not yet been successful, despite initiatives such as courses and mentoring programs for women. The persistent issue lies in the fact that the sporting domain remains predominantly masculine. An "ideal" top leader- and coach is often depicted through masculine discourses as someone who is tough and invulnerable. Consequently, more feminine identities and experiences tend to be marginalized. This hierarchical understanding on gender is deeply rooted in sports organizations and is perpetuated and reinforced by top leaders themselves, resulting in unquestioned assumptions about "how to be" a top leader that are difficult to change. Additionally, top leaders and coaches work within a highly competitive and individualized sport environment, where there is an expectation to work 24/7. If this 'masculine logic of ruling' is maintained, alongside the highly pressured jobs, achieving sustainable working conditions for all leaders and coaches are challenging. To be able to achieve gender equality in the sport context, we argue that a novel approach is needed, and suggest a shift in perspective. By focusing on sustainable work conditions for all (top) leaders and (high-performance) coaches in sport, we promote strategies that instead of “fixing the women” will “fix the system”. A better understanding of how women top leaders and coaches experience their workplaces, as well as how they envision a more gender-equal and sustainable future, is needed. In this project, we aim to get this insight from a wider diversity of woman leaders in sport working on differentiated organizational levels and systems and in different cultures.

Gender equality through sustainable work life for leaders and coaches in sport

In a recent study, researchers from NORSAR and ITES - University of Strasbourg worked on how to use machine learning to deal with big data coming from DAS-based geological monitoring. This study was led by joint master’s student M. Donnadille was focusing on the use of machine learning to learn how to classify events based on NORSAR’s conventional seismic data and transfer this model to DAS data. Simultaneously, PhD student J. Rimpot was leading efforts on self-supervised learning of classification of seismological records from a submarine volcano. To continue working on this collaboration, we would like to organize two visits between our two organizations. During these two visits, researchers will focus on the following tasks: Task 1 (Q2 2024) - Knowledge sharing through seminars and a small workshop (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh). This task will focus on the field of DAS data analysis, self-supervised learning, and transfer learning. Task 2 (Q2-Q3 2024) - Self Supervised Learning on DAS data on the NORFOX and the Pyrénées Datasets (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh) : Task 2 aims at testing self-supervised learning applied to DAS data for which a prior catalog of events exist. Task 3 (Q2-Q3 2024) - Transfer Learning on DAS data on the NORFOX and the Pyérnées datasets (A. Turquet, T. Stangeland, C. Hibert, J. Rimpot, C. Huynh) : Task 3 is focused on transfer learning of models trained on classical seismological data recorded by large band seismometers and applied to DAS data. The objective is to refine, validate and replicate this work on several datasets and to provide guidelines for future application for environmental seismology. Task 4 (Q3 2024) - ERC Consolidator writing  (A. Turquet, C. Hibert)  : Task 4 centers on the preparation of an ERC (European Research Council) Consolidator Grant proposal. We will work on this project proposal to be submitted to the 2025 ERC consolidator grant call.

DASGEO: Artificial Intelligence investigation of Geo-mass movements using Distributed Acoustic Sensing

Every year, road traffic accidents claim 1.35 million lives and cost countries 3% of their GDP, making them a grave concern worldwide. Norway, in its 2022-2033 National Transport Plan, prioritizes Vision Zero for road safety. Among accident types, run-out-off road crashes contribute significantly to fatalities. To mitigate these crashes, roadside barriers are installed, but they still cause severe accidents, particularly involving motorcyclists and infrastructure like bridge columns, leading to traffic disruptions and economic losses. Installing energy absorbers on critical elements can bolster road infrastructure resilience. This project focuses on optimizing the placement and mechanical behavior of these energy absorbers to reduce collision damages and minimize traffic recovery time. Therefore, the following progress is needed, involving: 1) modeling, understanding, and developing architected structures to satisfy the need for traffic collision energy absorbers, 2) evaluating the efficiency of energy absorbers on infrastructure resilience, and 3) vehicle to infrastructure collision modeling. To address this multidisciplinary goal, we gathered a team of recognized researchers with expertise in material science, structural engineering, transport infrastructure, and traffic engineering. This Aurora project will strengthen the collaboration between French and Norwegian partners. Based on the activities planned in this project, both partners will develop a common understanding and knowledge to initiate an R&D proposal for the Horizon project and/or other European initiatives (such as JPI Urban Europe, Erasmus+, and Marie Curie ITN). Moreover, this collaboration will also promote research-based education activities by enhancing staff and student mobility.

POlymer architected structures for Traffic ENergy absorbers in Transport InfrastructuraAL systems

This collaborative effort will boost several projects in the field of nanofluid heat transfer that are currently on in Norway and France. This research direction has been prevalent in the past two decades due to the simplicity of nanofluid production. However, from research literature and user experience, only some developments managed to step out of the lab. The price, toxicity, and un-even colloidal stability are the major obstacles limiting nanofluids from becoming, as initially thought, universal heat transfer fluids. However, there are applications where nanofluids are game changers: solar thermal technology and heat pipes. Both the Norwegian and the French groups run projects in these directions. The French group has developed stable graphene-based nanofluids where very low nanoparticle concentrations significantly improve the base fluid's thermophysical properties. The Norwegian team from Western Norway University of Applied Sciences (HVL) has successfully conducted a project on the solar evaporation of nanofluids using concentrated solar power. The project resulted in a 20%-increase enhancement of steam generation when the carbon-based nanofluid was used instead of the conventional technology. This observation finds promising applications in solar desalination and CSP. The subsequent Norwegian project concerns the fundamentals of photothermal boiling in nanofluids, where the kinetics of boiling are discovered by medical imaging and acoustics. The Norwegian team also runs an innovation project. In this project, an eco-friendly nanofluid based on organic particles was developed and used as an optical absorber in a custom-made solar collector. French and Norwegian groups possess unique knowledge, equipment, and numerical models. The planned exchange brings a spark to an efficient fusion of this potential and the further strategic development of our research field.

Norwegian-French collaboration in nanofluid heat transfer

Together with our partners in France, we aim to build an modeling infrastructure that can consistently simulate the Greenland ice sheet over the entire glacial cycle and validate the results using the best available reconstructions. This can greatly improve our understanding of ice sheet stability and sea level rise. We will also address the important question of how robust the modeling tools are that we use to estimate future sea level rise.
Besides the exciting science questions that our new tools enable, another important objective of this project is to establish a strong international collaboration, firmly rooted in shared development of key methods. We believe that this project is an optimal foundation for future joint research projects, especially targeting European research programs.

Exchange and Collaboration for Paleo Ice Sheet Integration

We propose a two-year project that facilitates the interaction and development of a collaboration between NGI and OCA scientists. Our team brings together expertise in tsunami hazard modeling, as well as tsunami source modeling. The team proposes to develop a methodology to remotely sense tsunami propagation across the open ocean and estimate critical characteristics, e.g., tsunami height. They will do this via observations of the tsunami's imprint on the ionosphere via data collected from GNSS satellite-receiver pairs. The team plans to deliver an open-source software repository based on existing forward modeling and inversion code provided by a 2018 PhD. This code will lay the foundation for further development of the EU Horizon project idea by helping to identify how well various observation platforms (e.g., low-earth orbit satellite receivers) provide tsunami-related ionosphere signals. The team will identify which platforms might be suitable for real-time data exploitation from the standpoint of being used a tsunami early-warning tool. The results of these initial discussions and preliminary studies (some already started at NGI in 2023) will facilitate discussions and provide a framework to develop a novel tsunami monitoring methodology based on remote ionosphere observations.

Ionospheric monitoring of tsunamis from low-earth orbit satellites

Diving exposes the human body to physical stress that initiate a range of phyiological and biochemical responses. Much of the maritime and marine industry still completely rely on diving and will so for many years ahead. It is therefore key to understand possible negative health effects of this occupation and act to minimize this. In this project, diving medicine research groups in Brest, France (Université de Brettagne Occidentale) and Bergen, Norway (Haukeland University Hospital and University of Bergen) will formalize a collaboration that will greatly benefit both groups. The focus of the project is vascular responses to diving-related stress and impact on vascular health. Through this collaboration, the two research groups will have access to highly complementary methodologies, allowing mechanistic studies at the level of molecules, pathways and cells, up to physiology and epidemiology. The project will involve exchange of methodological skills, planning of collaborative experiments and analysis, and expected co-publications. Two PhD students will be involved in the project and this will greatly improve their methodological skills and international networking. The project will include two travels to France from Norway and one travel to Norway from France.

Impact of Diving on Vascular Health

The monitoring of energy usage is the key to analyze and understand continuum resources usage. This project will be the first step in order to deal with energy efficient infrastructures in terms of hardware and software services. But providing an End-to-End energy monitoring solution remains a real challenge in terms of heterogeneity of resources, frequency and precision of monitoring, profiling reporting (etc). A clear challenge raises here: How to monitor, in an end-to-end manner, a system that is deployed in a scares resource environment? Considering continuum-based solutions to extreme climate conditions challenges current solutions. Continuum-based solutions need to be explored in worst conditions in terms of availability of network, energy, resilience, data access. 

The challenges that we want to address in this aurora project are how to (i) provide the needed mechanisms to reproduce the characteristics of extreme environments with an in-lab testbed (ii) provide an end-to-end energy monitoring of considered worst continuum infrastructure, (iii) discover the most impactful energy leverages to sustain observations and monitoring (iv) deploy a proof of concept (simulated and really implemented) that validates the abstraction, architecture, design and implementation choices. 

The aim of this collaboration is to (i) explore a best effort end-to-end energy monitoring system for a worst-case continuum, (ii) discuss a long-term infrastructure continuum for the edge, (iii) design an experimental validation of usable energy leverages at the edge.

Exploring and leveraging energy monitoring on End-to-End worst edge-fog-cloud continuum for observatories deployed in extreme environments

A very prominent application of AI is to predict new facts based on patterns found in datasets in the format of Knowledge Graphs (KGs). These are graph structures representing knowledge of a domain of interest and/or of a particular organization. The flexibility of KGs when representing incomplete data and versatility to express data from different domains favored its adoption in industry and academia. Google, for instance, has been using KGs for at least a decade to enrich search results. There are also large open KGs such as Wikidata which centralizes information across Wikimedia projects, including Wikipedia. Many KGs are highly incomplete, they do not contain all possible links existing between the entities that they describe. Predicting missing links among the entities of a KG is known in the literature as link prediction. The classical approach is to create mappings of entities (and/or relations) into a vector space and predict new links based on patterns of the data in the KG using neural network models. Such mappings are called Knowledge Graph Embeddings (KGEs) and the interest in creating the best predicting models attracted numerous researchers. Most of the research in KGEs has focused on improving accuracy results of the underlying machine learning models. However such accuracy is often based on biased, erroneous, incomplete data, which can result in corrupted machine learning models that can make wrong predictions in uncontrollable ways, as well as replicate and reinforce biases. A recent line of research aims at improving KGEs by taking advantage of ontologies, which are logical theories that formalize knowledge and often accompany KGs. Ontologies can be expressed in various well-known formalisms for knowledge representation and automated reasoning. In our project, we want to ensure quality guarantees of KGEs, in particular, consistency with respect to logical constraints, expressed as an ontology, and injection of domain knowledge in KGEs.

Learning and Reasoning in Knowledge Graph Embeddings

Microbial spores, such as those from the Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis have the capacity to absorb substances such as ions, proteins and can be coated with polymers. Furthermore, through genetic engineering, the surface of spores can be decorated with heterologous proteins. SporeHybrids will combine these two properties into a versatile platform that allows to combine various inorganic materials and proteins in order to generate novel catalytic applications and hybrid materials with unique properties.

SSF-Svalbard Science Forum

Combined sedimentology and permafrost studies of two high-Arctic valleys: Adventdalen and Sassendalen, Svalbard, Ris ID 10103

Tildelt: kr 54 999

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