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Ny forskning fra Europa og USA peker på at bedrifter bidrar til økende lønnsforskjeller– selv innenfor smalt definerte jobber eller industrier, som økonomifag eller treforedling. Til tross for stor interesse og økende tilgjengelighet av administrative data, vet vi overraskende lite om hvordan– og hvorfor bedriftene påvirker lønnsulikhet. Det viktigste hinderet har vært at variasjon i foretaks lønns- og personalpraksis (heretter kalt HR) har vist seg vanskelig å måle for et representativt utvalg av bedrifter.

I dette prosjektet løser vi måleproblemet ved å utvikle en ny forskningsinfrastruktur. Vår datainnsamlingsmetode muliggjør måling av HR og personalpolitikk på bedriftsnivå og kobling til inntekts- og arbeidertakerforhold. 

Denne kombinasjonen tilrettelegger for ny kunnskap om bedrifters interne arbeidsmarkeder og betydningen av HR og personalpolitikk for lønnsulikhet i arbeidsmarkedet.  

Vi starter med å utforske hva HR gjør i det eksterne arbeidsmarkedet. Her vil vi prøve å forstå hvordan bruk av rekrutteringsmetode avhenger av arbeideres utdanningsnivå, f.eks. master eller grunnskole, om man ansetter fra andre arbeidsgivere eller fra arbeidsledighet, og hvordan dette virker på ulikhet. I prosjektets hoveddel vil vi undersøke hvordan bedrifter organiserer sine interne arbeidsmarkeder, som for eksempel innebærer hvordan ulike jobber er rangert i et jobbhierarki, teams, hvordan ansatte navigerer karrieremuligheter i bedriften, oppnår forfremmelse og lønnsvekst, og hvordan ansatte verdsetter de interne mulighetene i forhold til muligheter i andre bedrifter. I siste del av prosjektet vil vi undersøke betydningen av informasjon om muligheter for arbeidere og hvorvidt forskjeller i lønn også reflekterer gap i kunnskap om muligheter. 

Samlet sett vil prosjektet bidra til økt forståelse av hvordan moderne arbeidsmarkeder fungerer og hva offentlig og bedriftspolitikk kan gjøre for å håndtere utfordringer knyttet til økende lønnsulikhet.

Firms’ human resource policies play an important role in shaping individual workers’ careers and overall inequality. The key challenge with identifying the role that firms play in shaping workers’ careers is that existing worker-firm datasets, such as Norwegian register data, do not include information on what goes on inside of firms. For instance, these data do not include information on how firms advertise or fill vacant positions, how workers learn about these positions, or how firms organize their internal hierarchies. This project aims to advance our understanding of the determinants of HR policies and the consequences of these policies for individual careers and for labor market inequality. In order to do so, the researchers will establish a research infrastructure that combines the strength of the Norwegian administrative data with recent advancements in survey design. 

The research infrastructure will allow them to open the "black box" of firms’ HR policies and make three distinct contributions. In the first project, they will use the infrastructure to develop and validate new survey instruments for measuring firms’ internal HR policies. This will allow them to describe determinants of firm recruitment policies, how practices differ across firms and workers, and whether different recruitment strategies reinforce existing labor market inequalities. In the second project, they will explore workers’ search across and within firms and examine the value workers attach to internal labor markets. This will leverage experiments embedded in the worker survey, as well as recent techniques to measure the organizational structure of firms. The third project will estimate the value that workers place on information about the outside labor market. In doing so, it contributes to an ongoing academic and policy discussion about the role of information in the labor market.

Firming Up Careers: Human Resource Policies and Inequality

Effektene av fysisk og seksuell vold på ofre og deres familier kan være ødeleggende og vedvarende, med potensielt langvarige konsekvenser for fysisk og mental helse, utdanning, sysselsetting og bruk av velferdstjenester. Mens strafferettssystemet anses som en viktig del av offerets gjenopprettingsprosess, er det begrenset empirisk forskning på hvorvidt strafferettslige prosesser hjelper og/eller hindrer bedring langs disse ulike dimensjonene. I dette prosjektet vil vi adressere dette kunnskapshullet ved å bruke en kombinasjon av kvantitative og kvalitative forskningsmetoder. I de kvantitative analysene vil vi bruke administrative registerdata som dekker hele befolkningen sammen med kvasi-eksperimentelle metoder for å kunne trekke kausale slutninger. Vi vil også benytte maskinlæringsteknikker for prediksjon. De kvalitative analysene vil supplere de kvantitative analysene ved å gi kontekst til et komplekst felt av saker og ofre og ved å identifisere potensielle mekanismer mellom strafferettslige prosesser og utfall for ofrene. Samlet vil disse metodene gi en mer robust, representativ og nyansert forståelse av hvordan kontakt med strafferettssystemet påvirker offeret på tvers av flere viktige livsområder både på kort og lang sikt. Prosjektet ledes av Folkehelseinstituttet (FHI) med Frischsenteret og Universitetet i Oslo som partnere. Prosjektet har et rådgivende utvalg med medlemmer fra Nasjonalt kunnskapssenter om vold og traumatisk stress (NKVTS), ETH Zurich, Universitetet i Oslo, Frischsenteret, Universitetet i Bergen, og OsloMet. Det er også tilknyttet en brukergruppe bestående av personer og organisasjoner som er i kontakt med ofre for vold og overgrep.

Victims of sexual and physical violence is one of the most vulnerable groups in our society. The criminal justice system (CJS) serves a critical role in providing assistance to victims of these crimes, enabling them to seek justice, protection, compensation, and closure. Yet, knowledge about whether the CJS helps or harms these victims is extremely limited. This project aims to remedy this by providing a comprehensive understanding of the role of the CJS in supporting and providing restoration for victims of physical and sexual violence in Norway. We will utilize a combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods across disciplines to study outcomes across multiple important life domains, both in the short and long run. For the quantitative analyses we will use exceptionally rich longitudinal administrative register data with full population coverage combined with state-of-the-art quasi-experimental methods for credible causal inference and predictive machine learning techniques. The qualitative analysis will be based on narrative interviews with victims, providing context and insights into how interactions with the CJS shape life stories. The results will yield a robust and nuanced understanding of how the different stages of the CJS impacts victims. This is particularly urgent given how the current emphasis on legal responses to assaults has caused a sense of obligation and civic duty for especially women to report incidents, while the chances of legal closure remain small. In addition to advancing the methods for quasi-experimental designs and machine learning within quantitative criminology, this project will provide valuable insights for policymakers, stakeholders, and practitioners working in the field of victim support and rehabilitation and may inform current legal reform efforts aimed at addressing these issues.

Helpful or harmful: The effects of criminal justice system contact on victims of sexual and physical violence

Prosjektet «Wheelchair Activity Monitoring» (WHAM) sikter både på å øke fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere, og på å bidra til bredere mål om mangfold og inkludering av personer med nedsatt mobilitet, ved å fremme større tilgjengelighet og deltakelse gjennom innovativ teknologi og forskning.

Rullestolbrukere er tre til fem ganger mindre aktive enn den generelle befolkningen, noe som øker risikoen for å utvikle forebyggbare sykdommer. Selv om det finnes retningslinjer for fysisk aktivitet som er tilpasset rullestolbrukere, trenger vi fortsatt effektive måter å implementere disse på samt nøyaktig teknologi for å spore mulige endringer i fysisk aktivitet. WHAM har som mål å bidra til økt fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere ved å lage digitale verktøy for å monitorere og gi tilbakemelding på rullestolbrukerens aktivitet. WHAM består av tre faser: to år ved University of British Columbia (UBC), som inkluderer et samarbeid med eksperter innen atferdsendrings-intervensjoner for rullestolbrukere; ett år ved Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet (NTNU) og et halvt år ved Maastricht Instruments - de to siste fasene er viet til å utvikle de digitale teknologiene. 

WHAMs mål er:
1)	Å teste effekten av et treningsprogram på fysisk aktivitetsnivå og fitness blant rullestolbrukere,
2)	Å utvikle nøyaktige algoritmer for monitorering av fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere,
3)	Å lage et system som både monitorerer og gir tilbakemelding på fysisk aktivitet blant rullestolbrukere.

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioral intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create
a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Topfinancing - WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery. 

I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.

The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are:
•	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program
•	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity. 
•	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors.
•	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers.
•	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers.
•	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.



Tenk på universet som en enorm ballong som alltid utvider seg. Jo lenger unna et punkt er på ballongen, jo raskere beveger det seg bort fra deg. Dette ligner på hvordan universet utvider seg, jo lenger unna en galakse er, jo raskere beveger den seg bort fra oss på jorden.

I mange år trodde forskerne at universets ekspansjon ble bremset. Begrunnelsen deres var at gravitasjonskraften fra all materie i universet virket mot denne utvidelsen. Imidlertid gjorde kosmologer i 1998 en overraskende oppdagelse gjennom studiet av fjerne supernovaer: utvidelsen av universet akselererer faktisk!

Dette betyr at avstanden mellom galaksene blir større og større i stadig økende hastighet. Det er som om ballongen blåses opp raskere og raskere.

Forskere vet ikke nøyaktig hva som får universet til å akselerere. De kaller den ukjente kraften som får dette til å skje "mørk energi". Mørk energi er overalt i universet, men den mørke energien vekselvirker ikke med materie i de formene som vi kan observere direkte.

NEVO-prosjektet er et nytt forsøk på å forstå egenskapene til mørk energi. NEVO vil bruke kraftige datamaskiner for å simulere universet og studere effekten av kandidater til den mørke energien på en måte som aldri har vært gjort før. Ved å studere disse simuleringene og utnytte høypresisjons-observasjonene fra Euclid-teleskopet som nylig er skutt opp i rommet, vil kosmologene være i stand til å bedre betydelig vår forståelse av den mørke energiens gåtefulle natur.

The Universe has entered an accelerating expansion phase in the last few billion years of its evolution, a phenomenon that is caused by the mysterious entity known as dark energy. Through the NEVO proposal, I aim to provide key insights about the properties of dark energy, which includes its time evolution and spatial distribution in the Universe. This objective will be achieved by utilizing cutting-edge cosmological N-body simulations and novel techniques to study cosmic EVOlution accurately.

A comprehensive understanding of the nature of dark energy requires a thorough investigation of viable candidates and their impact on different stages of the Universe. However, the consistent and accurate modeling of dark energy candidates has been largely neglected so far. To address this gap, I propose the development of a novel, integrated framework that utilizes state-of-the-art relativistic N-body simulations along with the hi_class code, to accurately model dark energy candidates in both linear and non-linear scales.

NEVO: illuminating the dark cosmos

Global natur- og miljøforvaltning er en av vår tids mest sentralt og vanskellige mål. Mange av utfordringene skyldes motsetningene mellom vår fragmenterte politiske verden og økosystemer som ikke forholder seg til landegrenser eller politiske skillelinjer.
Ulike biologiske samfunn (biomer) som ligger i én stat, kan ikke løsrives fra et større økosystem. Derfor er flere «lokale» naturområder blitt del av den globale miljøforvaltningen.
Prosjektet RESOLVING skal se på politiske løsninger for en naturforvaltning som både er:
(i) lokal: som del av en stats territorium og hjem til ulike befolkningsgrupper
(ii) global: som kritiske deler av planetens økosystem
Hva betyr denne forvaltningen på flere nivåer for staters suverenitet?
Vi vet allerede mye om utfordringene nasjonalt oppdelt myndighet utgjør for effektiv forvaltning av jordens økosystemer. Vi vet derimot langt mindre om hvordan forsøkene på å styre jordens komplekse og grenseløse økosystemer faktisk kan endre selve systemet som forsinker den globale forvaltningen: statlig suverenitet.
RESOLVING vil prøve å forstå denne dynamikken ved å undersøke gruppene som faktisk utøver internasjonal naturforvaltning på vegne av eller parallelt med statene. Prosjektet vil her se nærmere på styringen av to områder som er viktige for hele verden: Amazonas-regnskogen og Guineabukta.
RESOLVING undersøker hvordan tiltak for å ta vare på disse områdene – laget på både internasjonalt, nasjonalt og lokalt nivå – fungerer sammen. Hvilke aktører får mer makt? Hvem blir inkludert i beslutningsprosessene og hvem blir utelatt?

The RESOLVING project asks: How does global governance of nature transform the exercise of sovereign power? Scientific evidence of the environment as a complex system of planetary dimensions has elevated several natural resources as objects of global governance. Primary forests and maritime biomes particularly capture global attention because of their systemic relevance for our planetary ecosystem. Still, international politics operates within a framework locating authority over nature indivisibly into territorially discrete and independent states. This project investigates the implications for sovereignty stemming from the construction of nature as a global governance object. We build on existing conceptualizations of sovereignty as a combination of de jure sovereign authority and bundles of de facto sovereign competence. In the case of nature, while permanent sovereignty over natural resources is an immutable property of state authority, a wider range of actors can be involved in defining the ways in which these resources are governed or even in governing them. RESOLVING will focus on two parcels of local nature especially entangled in global governance: the Amazon rainforest and the Gulf of Guinea. The project will investigate how networks of actors work across levels of governance to produce sovereign competence and exert sovereign power over nature in these regions. Sovereign power is the capacity to achieve de facto sovereign competence, here identified as the capacity to define and implement the rules of human–nature interaction. We look at multilevel governance from three angles: the global, the state, and the local. The comparative analysis of those networks across levels, regions, and regimes complexes will allow for identifying the mechanisms driving the rebundling of sovereign power with or away from the state, and a better understanding of the consequences of that process.

Rebundling sovereignty over local nature in global governance

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på år

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon fordelt på fagområde

Research Manager

Bygg 4.0 konferansen tar utgangspunkt i eksempler og modeller for digitalisering, og setter fokus på hva digitalisering betyr for de ulike aktørene i bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomssektoren. Fokusområder: Hva er digitalisering? Hva betyr det for byggebransjen? Hvilken teknologisk utvikling kan vi satse på? Hvordan kan forretningsmodellene endres?

Konferansen passer for alle som jobber i bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomssektoren, og som ønsker en bedre forståelse av digitaliseringsmulighetene. Både digital prosjektering (før det bygges), digital byggeplass (når det bygges), og digital bygning (når det er bygget) blir dekket.

Spennende foredrag fra både forskningsinstitutter og bedrifter skal vise veien til den digitale transformasjonen. Droner, parametrisk design, digital tvilling, sensorer, BIM, og virtuell virkelighet er kun noen få nøkkelord. Programmet blir tilpasset for å muliggjøre nettverksbygging, det blir en spørreundersøkelse med fine "digitale" premier, i tillegg til spennende muligheter for å bygge opp prosjekter med SINTEF.

Etter foredragene inviteres til en aktiv og engasjerende workshop med nettverksbygging og diskusjoner om forskning under overskriften "Digital og innovativ byggeprosess"

Bygg 4.0, konferansen som gir en bedre forståelse av digitaliseringsmulighetene for alle som jobber i bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomssektoren.

The information revolution over the recent decades has changed how we think about consumption and production over a wide range of goods and services. Factors such as the consumer's limited choice possibilities at a given budget and the cost structure on t he production side has shown to be limited in explaining outcomes of markets for information goods. Rather elements such as lock-in, incomplete information, product heterogeneity, and network effects are considered to be of importance in explaining market  outcomes. In this research project I will develop theoretical models with the aim of explaining equilibrium outcomes under certain market condition with a special emphasis on software products. My research is organized in two sub-projects:
Sub-project 1:  Software piracy and its impact on commercial vs. open source software competition: In a market characterized by network externalities, how does the presence of software piracy affect pricing incentives of commercial software developers in competition wit h a free of charge open source competitor? What are the consequences for the competitive outcome? The results suggest that a combination of strong network effects and high degree of differentiation between products are likely to result in a market dominat ed by commercial software conditional on a initial competitive advantage in size of the installed base.
Sub-project 2: Platform competition with social networks on the buyer side:
Markets where buyers and seller interact over platforms such as operating s ystems and game consoles are called two-sided markets. Since sellers care about how many individuals they can sell to, and buyers care about the quality and quantity of the products sold over the platform, multiple Nash equilibria can emerge. This sub-pro ject aims to identify likely market outcomes whenever buyers engage in social networks, and their utility depends on the choices made by agents in their network in addition to the content available on platforms.

Competition in network goods markets

The mobile researcher, Amir Taherkordi, started his postdoctoral position at the University of Oslo (UiO) in December 2012, working broadly on software design, distribution and adaptation for embedded systems, sensor networks, and IoT systems. Amir is inv ited to carry out a 6-month research visit to Carnegie Mellon University (CMU) in Pittsburg, USA. The computer science school of CMU has a long-standing research effort on software architecture design and dynamic adaptation of software systems. Over past  few years, they have particularly focused on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) from the software architecture viewpoint. CPSs are the next computing revolution with applications in medical systems, environmental control, safety and control, etc. CPS applicatio ns are primarily expected to be reliable, safe and secure (i.e., dependability). To meet these requirements, the CPS software system should support dynamic software adaptation. The special attributes of CPSs, such as high complexity and high degrees of au tomation and control make software adaptation a unique challenging issue in this domain. This project aims to address this from two complementary views: system-view and architecture-view. UiO has long experience in addressing the former for embedded syste ms, while CMU has been focusing on the latter for conventional software platforms over past decades. This joint project is aimed at proposing a generic adaptation software framework, including the software architectural model, for CPSs that promises a sol id and reusable software solution for dynamic adaptation of CPSs. Using this framework, the stakeholders in this domain (developers of CPSs in the industry and the academia) will be able to produce more dependable software for CPSs with less development e ffort.

Adaptable Software for Dependable Cyber-Physical Systems

Civil war remains a global challenge. Justice processes are often offered as solutions to prevent conflict reoccurrence; yet, little work has been undertaken to understand the prevalence of practices while conflict is ongoing. New data and historical case s show that trials, truth commissions, reparations, as well as alternative accountability measures such as amnesties, purges, and exiles are often implemented during violence. The current literature provides little theoretical understanding as to when and  why during-conflict justice processes are implemented and their likely effect on the duration of conflict and durability of peace. To address these deficiencies, support is requested from the Leiv Eiriksson mobility programme to support the travel and re search visit of Dr. Cyanne E. Loyle from West Virginia University for a three-month stay at the Peace Research Institute Oslo. During this time Dr. Loyle will work with Drs. Helga Malmin Binningsbø and Scott Gates to finalize the theoretical development a nd data analysis to advance our existing research collaboration on government's use of transitional justice during ongoing armed conflict. We will examine which justice processes, if any, a government implements during internal armed conflicts, in which c ontexts such processes are pursued, as well as what are the most likely outcomes from these interventions. The long-term goal of our efforts is to establish the rationale for the implementation of justice processes in relation to internal armed conflicts  during the violence, as part of political transitions and after such conflicts occur and to understand the likely outcomes of this implementation. Our overarching motivation is the desire to increase our understanding of the use and possible utility of du ring-conflict justice for the termination of ongoing conflicts leading to more effective conflict termination strategies and shortening the duration of civil conflict.

Understanding Justice During Conflict

Humanitarian logistics is about disaster preparedness, response, and recovery, and accounts for 60-80% of total costs with huge improvement potential. Project objectives are to establish cooperation with US humanitarian logistics research centre(s). Build ing on action research, the project will develop pedagogical tools for forecasting demand in disasters and for mapping capacities in disaster prone countries, and test these with GaTech-, MIT- and other post-graduate students, followed by co-authored pape rs in scientific journals. 
Critical R&D challenges are the gap between practice and research in management, and discussions about relevance vs. rigour, in general and in logistics, operations ? and supply chain management specifically. Action research ca n be one solution to obtaining both relevance and rigor, but is a relatively recent approach in the field, literature reporting few studies. This in spite of being an area that should be particularly well suited, given that the point of action research is  to experiment on real problems designed to assist in solution. Humanitarian logistics in particular lacks practical relevance and the literature does not report any action research. The main R & D challenge for the first study is that while practice reli es on needs assessment that have proven inadequate for the purpose of efficient planning and response, prevailing research claims that there is lack of data for demand forecasting. Our research will demonstrate that there is data and how it can be used fo r planning. For the second study, the main R & D challenge is to understand how disaster prone countries can prepare for disasters, building their own competence and capacity, and for what they need international assistance. 
Anticipated use of project fi ndings constitute the tools potential for improving practice and teaching. Results will contribute to more understanding of action research in humanitarian logistics in particular, and SCM & management in general.

Improving humanitarian logistics through action research - Disaster Relief Supply Chain Management

The current measurement accuracy of marine electromagnetic data facilitates using the technology to study fainter targets and also smaller geological details. Resolving these data responses by imaging software can be challenging when the magnitude of data  variations are dominated by variations in other geological features. This can be the case e.g. for a rough seafloor topography, presence of islands, or a coastline near the survey area. Although e.g. the seafloor topography can be measured to very high a ccuracy, the processing and imaging tools must accurately determine the effect on measured responses. 

Unlike the more commonly used rectangular grids, the use of unstructured meshes can accurately represent the effect of tilts and roughness in the geomo del. This is achieved by the arbitrary placement of grid nodes that facilitates tilted structure, and mesh spacing can be made denser in proximity of local geometrical distortions.

In this project, we will develop new 3D inversion software based on 3D un structured tetrahedral mesh representations and the finite-element approach to modeling. The computational complexity of such an approach is a significant R&D challenge, and we will develop an efficient inversion algorithm that can utilize the new modelin g approach to process large-scale datasets.

The new software will be applied to process a 3D real field dataset where current modeling approaches are known to be a limiting factor. The project will generate new knowledge both in the domain of numerical m ethods for processing of marine EM data and marine geology. The resulting software will enable processing of data acquired in the most complex environments, and the results from real field data processing will be submitted for publication in an internatio nal journal.

EMGS visiting researcher at Scripps Marine EM laboratory

Because of its presumed indicative and predictive relationship to social integration processes, rates and trends of intermarriage have been widely studied by social scientists throughout the 20th century, in recent decades followed by studies of the deter minants of intermarriage. Much of this research has assumed that spouse selection is intimately linked to labor market assimilation. Still, there have been few efforts to study the effects of intermarriage, and evidence concerning its consequences for eco nomic assimilation is recent and ambiguous.

This backdrop constitutes the rationale of this research mobility project. Benefiting from Norwegian register data, the project will provide novel evidence on the relationship between social integration and lab or market assimilation among immigrants and their descendants in Norway. One scientific article will compare the two principal methods applied in the literature to identify the causal effect of intermarriage on labor outcomes. Another scientific article w ill investigate the mechanisms through which this relationship is established more concretely. Both of these works will be greatly facilitated by a stay at UC Berkeley, particularly through collaboration with leading scholars in the areas of quantitative  sociology, integration and stratification research.

In addition to the publication of these articles in high-quality journals, the objectives of the mobility project include presentations at specific prestigious conferences (ASA and PAA), participation i n the Departmental Colloquium Series at UC Berkeley, and both improving a working research network and generate new routes of cooperation between quantitative sociologists in Oslo and Berkeley. 

The project will pioneer analyses of spouse selection and e conomic assimilation using quantitative methods and Norwegian register data, and will provide important knowledge relevant to current concerns and debates over integration, immigration and labor market policies.

Will You Assimilate Me? Intermarriage and Economic Assimilation for Immigrants in Norway

Over the past 30 years high blood pressure and diabetes, i.e. lifestyle-related causes, have become the most important kidney failure risks. The treatment is among the most expencive in medicine, patients have a low quality of life, and mortality rates ar e compareable to breastcancer with metastases.

However, treatment started in the early stages could be much more effective, but little is known about the metabolic changes induced by lifestyle related kidney disease. Such knowledge is potentially importa nt for finding new treatment options and markers of serious disease. 

NTNU Kidney Research Group have published many studies on early kidney disease in high-ranked international journals using epidemiological data from the HUNT studies. However, to move  forwards more basic research is needed. We collaborate closely with the Department of Biotechnolgy at NTNU, which has a large laboratory with state-of-the-art instruments for analysing small molecules (metabolomics; "the systematic study of the unique che mical fingerprints that specific cellular processes leave behind"). However, no research groups in Norway have much experience with such analysis in urine. 

University of California, San Diego represent an exciting mix of several research methods. The Ra ncho Bernando cohort represents a long and strong experience in epidemiological research. UCSD School of Medicine is among the top 10 US institutions in clinical kidney medicine. They are also running a highly reputated metabolomics laboratory studying di abetes nephropathy. Recently, UCSD was established as one of four US core facilities for metabolomics research.

Our research plan is now to continue to develop and run urine analysis her at NTNU for the next 12 months and then visit UCSD for general disc ussions, learn about new metabolomic techniques, run new analysis on our urine samples, and get help from world-class scientists in the very complicated interpretation our urine results.

Chronic kidney disease in Nord-Trøndelag: Risk evaluation and screening tests using clinical epidemiology and modern laboratory techniques.

The indoor environment is important for health and well-being of the general population, but the health impact of a number of indoor pollutants is poorly characterised. In the proposed project we focus on phthalates, a group of chemicals that leak out fro m plastics and are present in most indoor environments. Epidemiological studies concerning both indoor environment and occupational exposures have linked phthalates to development and exacerbation of asthma and allergy, but the involved mechanisms are lar gely unknown.  

To investigate the effects of phthalates on airway immunology we will perform a controlled human inhalation study. The focus will be on the upper airways (bronchi, trachea and nose) and effects on recruitment, activation and functionality  of immune cells. We will recruit allergen-sensitized individuals which will allow us to investigate if the phthalate inhalation modulates the inflammatory response after a nasal allergen challenge. 

The project will provide new knowledge concerning earl y effects of phthalate inhalation on airway immunology and contribute to identification of immunological biomarkers for phthalate exposure. Important outcomes of the project will be its contribution to risk assessment, identification of potential biomarke rs for human inhalation exposure to phthalates, and deeper understanding of the overall toxicology of phthalates.

Effects of phthalate inhalation on airway immunology: a controlled human exposure study

The Scandinavian Brown Bear Research Project (SBBRP) is the world's most projective bear project (perhaps the most productive large carnivore project) (155 scientific publications in refereed international journals and 18 completed PhD degrees).  It has b een active since 1984 and has captured more than 750 bears, many of which have been followed from birth to death, creating many generations of pedigrees.  I have been invited to spend my sabbatical year from UMB with researchers at the Interagency Grizzly  Bear Research Project at Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA and have decided to spend 6 months there.  This project has been active since 1975, has captured 650 bears, and has produced 89 scientific publications in refereed international jou rnals and 1 PhD degree.

Both projects are management-oriented and provide the scientific basis for the management of brown bears in Scandinavia and grizzly bears (same species) in the Yellowstone Ecosystem, respectively.  However, both projects also cond uct basic research that is important for understanding the ecology, life history, and behavior of bears specifically and large carnivores generally.  Thus, we have so much in common that we can benefit from close cooperation and by establishing cooperativ e research projects.  

My primary objective is to start long-term research cooperation based on our existing data bases.  My time with this project also will help me ensure that the SBBRP remains at the international cutting edge of research on large car nivores.

My secondary objective is to work on a scientific book entitled "The Scandinavian brown bear; ecology, life history, behavior, and management of a hunted species".  This book will summarize and synthesize the results from the first 30 years of o ur research project.  I will edit the book and coauthor many chapters in  with our cooperating researchers and former PhD students.  I will propose the book to Island Press, Washington, DC.

IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon

Bygg 4.0, konferansen som gir en bedre forståelse av digitaliseringsmulighetene for alle som jobber i bygg-, anlegg- og eiendomssektoren.

Tildelt: kr 94 022

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