Going gradeless in upper secondary school. Exploring how reduced grading affects communities in Norway

Karakterer har tradisjonelt vært en sentral del av skolesystemer over hele verden. Imidlertid har både forskere og lærere tenkt nytt om vurderingens plass i opplæringen, noe som har ført til at lærere selv i større grad velger å redusere bruken av karakterer. Hensikten kan være å fremme læring, gi bedre tilbakemeldinger eller å øke elevenes motivasjon. Vi vet likevel lite om hva som skjer når lærere slutter å gi karakterer. Å fjerne karakterer kan ha flere positive virkninger, men kan også ha uønskede eller uforutsette konsekvenser for både elever og lærere. Hvordan praktiseres dette i skolen, og hvordan oppleves det av elever og lærere? Disse spørsmålene skal prosjektet Going gradeless besvare.

Grading has been a key component of assessment systems for hundreds of years. This research project will examine how going gradeless (reducing or eliminating grades) in upper secondary education affects teaching and learning in school communities. An experienced research group will collaborate with international networks and experts in the field of assessment to contribute to the literature on assessment policies and communities. Using culturally sensitive approaches to assessment research, the project will explore the many facets of going gradeless. Specifically, the project uses an innovative combination of ethnographic data with survey data and verbal protocols to investigate the practices and perceptions of stakeholders. By analysing the implications of going gradeless and connecting the international discourse on assessment reform and accountability with a bottom-up innovation, the project will theorize the role of teacher professionalism in assessment and discuss how going gradeless affects policies and communities. Teachers have been encouraged to rethink grading and reporting practices in schools, arguing that grades are meaningless or even harmful to students’ learning and development (Guskey, 2015). Increasingly, teachers are “going gradeless” (Sackstein, 2015) by either reducing or eliminating the use of grades (Chiaravalli, no date) in their assessment practice. In the Norwegian context, many teachers are now going gradeless to align practice with policy intentions and to improve learning. However, little is known of what teachers do instead of traditional grading practices, how this affects the stakeholders involved, or whether this move has unintended consequences at the system level. Understanding how reduced grading affects assessment communities is crucial for the construction of sustainable assessment communities. In particular, resolving tensions between the many purposes of assessment is significant.