Nano- and microplastics: Do they impact fish health and welfare?

Prosjektet har etablert metoder for å isolere og kultivere celler fra hud og hornhinne fra laks. Vi klarer å holde cellene i kultur om lag en uke. Vi har utført eksponeringsstudier med bruke av nano- og mikropartikler fra polystyren, silika, grafen, samt gull - for å studere opptak av partiklene. Studiene viser at cellene tar opp alle disse typene partikler. I tillegg har vi studert opptak av inaktiverte bakterier og levende bakterier som blant annet forårsaker hudsår hos laks. Disse bakteriene er Vibrio salmonicida og Moritella viscosus. Hudepitelcellene tok også opp disse bakteriene. Infeksjonsproblematikken i cellekulturene, beskrevet i forrige rapport (ikke virus) er under kontroll. Planen fremover er å undersøke transkripsjons og proteom profilene etter eksponering med partikler. Dette for å analysere hvilke responser som settes i gang ved eksponering med nanopartikler.

The current proposal addresses the impact of NPs and MPs on fish health and welfare by introducing a systems biology approach. This ensures knowledge far beyond the current know how – which is fairly fragmented – and especially the fact that most of the previous studies have concerned millimeter-sized plastics and not tinier particles. The current proposal is tailored to answer fundamental questions: a) whether there is a discrimination between different plastic polymers (polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, Teflon) with regards to uptake, b) presence of any plastic polymer-specific biological effects and c) whether wounded fish especially suffer from uptake of NPs and MPs. Thus, the potential for new knowledge is huge and impacts are expected in the fields of plastics pollution of sub millimeter particles. This study will seed similar studies on other species both in lower and higher taxa. For example, the methods applied here can likely be transferred to other fish species, thus there will be higher awareness on the environmental impacts of NPs and MPs on other fish species and other ecosystems/food webs – as well as to food to consumers. We foresee that, based on the current approach and its topicality, there will made other proposals to EU and RCN in the future. If successful, the project will provide a systems biology approach to study: 1) uptake mechanism in fish keratinocytes by high-end nanoscopy, 2) transcriptomic response, 3) metabolism by cells exposed to NPs and MPs, and to 4) correlation between plastic type and impacts. Furthermore, we will study how different particles are handled by fish keratinocytes in fish infected by fish lice causing wounds. RRI will be implemented throughout the project.