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Hovedmålet med kreftbehandling er å eliminere kreftceller og dette er tradisjonelt oppnådd ved kirurgi, bruk av giftige medikamenter (cellegift) og stråling. En ny og betydningsfull tilnærming til kreftbehandling kalt immunterapi, har derimot fått mye oppmerksomhet det siste tiåret; Her forsøker leger og forskere å utnytte immunsystemet vårt for å målrettet  ødelegge kreftceller. En nøkkelaktør i denne banebrytende tilnærmingen er en gruppe «drapsmenn» i immunsystemet kjent som cytotoxiske T-lymfocytter (CTL-er). Disse cellene har en bemerkelsesverdig evne til å oppdage kreftceller ved å gjenkjenne unormale molekyler på overflaten av kreftcellene - molekyler som friske celler ikke har. Når CTL-er gjenkjenner kreftcellene ødelegger de dem ved å frigjøre giftige molekyler som initierer kreftcellenes selvdestruksjon. 
 
Selv om betydelige innsats har blitt dedikert til å forstå hvordan CTL-er aktiveres og hvordan de gjenkjenner kreftceller, vet vi mindre om de påfølgende hendelsene inne i kreftcellene som fører til deres død. Fra før vet vi at CTL-er kan initiere to forskjellige typer celledød i kreft: den første, kalt apoptose, er en stille og ordnet prosess der kreftcellene krymper og brytes opp uten å varsle immunsystemet; den andre, kalt pyroptose, er en mer dramatisk prosess som involverer dannelse av åpninger i cellemembranen, noe som fører til at cellene svulmer opp og sprekker. Under denne cellebristen blir innholdet inne i cellene frigitt i omgivelsene, og dette kan fungere som 'faretegn' som kan stimulere en sterkere immunrespons mot kreftcellene. Betydningen av denne cellebristen for å forsterke anti-tumorresponsene vil bli undersøkt i dette prosjektet. 
 
Videre er vi fascinert av muligheten for å avdekke ytterligere, ennå ukjente, former for celledød indusert av CTL-er. Utforsking av disse dødsrelaterte prosessene i kreftcellene kan potensielt øke effektiviteten av immunterapi og bidra betydelig i den pågående kampen mot kreft.

The primary goal of most cancer therapies is to induce cancer cell death. Immunotherapy relies on the cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes such as natural killer cells (NKs) and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to achieve this. While a significant amount of research in immunotherapy focuses on the events within cytotoxic lymphocytes or at the interface between cytotoxic lymphocytes and cancer cells, less is known about the molecular mechanisms that orchestrate cancer cell death, particularly in the case of CTL-mediated death.
CTLs are known to induce two types of cell death in cancer: non-inflammatory apoptosis and proinflammatory pyroptosis. Pyroptotic cancer cells release proinflammatory signals that attract immune cells to the tumor site, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor response. Cell lysis is a common outcome of pyroptotic cell death. It is unclear whether lysis can be decoupled from pyroptosis in cancer cells and whether the proinflammatory properties of pyroptotic cancer cell death depend on lysis. Moreover, it remains unknown whether CTLs can induce other forms of cell death in cancer, apart from apoptosis and pyroptosis.
Studying the mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death is challenging because CTLs selectively target cells expressing specific antigens. However, given the critical role of CTLs in immunotherapy, it is essential to deepen our understanding of CTL-induced cancer cell death.
This project aims to develop novel methodologies to investigate the death mechanisms that are initiated by CTLs. In addition, we will identify new pathways and mediators involved in CTL-induced cancer cell death. Furthermore, we will assess the contribution of proinflammatory cell death and lysis in promoting anti-tumor responses in vivo. Overall, this research will improve our knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of CTL-mediated cancer cell death and potentially reveal novel targets to enhance the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy.

T-cell-mediated proinflammatory cell death and lysis in cancer

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Per- og polyfluorerte stoffer (PFAS) er en stor gruppe menneskeskapte kjemikalier med høyt fluorinnhold som antas å ha negative helseeffekter. Kilder til PFAS kan være produksjon av vann-, varme- og flekkbestandige produkter og disse kjemikaliene er en del av hverdagen vår. PFAS påvirkning av biologiske systemer er ikke fullstendig forstått. Noen PFAS er antatt å øke risikoen for å utvikling av ikke-alkoholisk fettleversykdom (NAFLD) og øke risikoen for diabetes. 

For å forstå hvordan PFAS påvirker organene våre ønsker vi å bruke små laboratoriedyrkede organmodeller, kalt organoider. Disse miniatyrorganene kan dyrkes fra menneskelige stamceller og tilbyr et kontrollert miljø for å studere hvordan PFAS påvirker f.eks lever og bukspyttkjertelen vår, uten bruk av dyreforsøk.

For å studere helseeffekter må vi kunne måle nivået av biomolekyler som fettstoffer i leveren og hormoner i bukspyttkjertelen. Til dette trenger vi å utvikle analytiske verktøy for å måle effektene. Først vil vi bekrefte at når leverorganoidene eksponeres for enkelte PFAS-forbindelser utvikles det NAFLD-lignende sykdom ved å sammenligne den biokjemiske profilen (proteiner og metabolitter) til organoider av lever med PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Deretter vil vi utvide den analytiske verktøykassen for å undersøke hvilke metabolske veier som påvirkes, og om effekten er den samme i NAFLD-induserte og PFAS-eksponerte organoider. Vi vil også eksponere insulinproduserende bukspyttkjertelorganoider for PFAS for å undersøke effekten av PFAS på hormonproduksjon. Når effektene av PFAS-eksponering på lever- og bukspyttkjertel-organoider er etablert, vil organoidene bli samkultivert i en chip, og effektene av PFAS-eksponering vil bli undersøkt og sammenlignet med individuelle organoider.

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are believed to contribute to metabolic diseases, such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and type 1 diabetes. HE-POP aims to investigate the effects of per- and polyfluoroalkyl compounds (PFAS), a type of POPs), on organ function in a controlled environment.

Organoids are multicellular laboratory-grown miniature organs, that are grown from stem cells. HE-POP will use organoids to examine how PFAS affects our organs and develop cutting-edge bioanalytical tools and methodology to measure these effects using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. HE-POP hypothesizes that PFAS negatively affects organ function, as evidenced by changes in hormone and lipid levels characteristic of NAFLD and type 1 diabetes. 

Organoids offer a controlled environment to study the effects of PFAS on the liver and pancreas, without the use of animal models. HE-POP aims to gain evidence of the negative effects of PFAS on organ function through controlled experiments on organoids and aid in understanding the biological mechanisms underlying NAFLD and type 1 diabetes.

HE-POP has fundaments in UN sustainable development goals, specifically #3, #12, and #14/15, seeking an understanding of diseases with worldwide prevalence, and understanding how POPs affect our life and surroundings and help enable the right regulatory actions and replacement chemicals.

HE-POP: Studying the Health Effects of Persistent Organic Pollutants, Using Mass Spectrometry, Organoids, and Organ-On-A-Chip

Norge har under Parisavtalen påtatt seg en forpliktelse til å redusere klimautslippene sine med minst 55 prosent innen 2030 sammenlignet med nivået i 1990. Hittil har vi kun oppnådd 5 prosent av dette målet; vi har følgelig kun syv år på å redusere de resterende 50 prosent for å imøtekomme målene. For 2050 har vi satt oss enda større mål: å redusere klimautslippene med hele 90 prosent. Bakgrunnen for målene er at vi prøver å unngå de verste scenarioene FNs klimautvalg skisserer opp i sine rapporter. I tillegg har energiforbruket økt, og prognosene fra Statnett for ulike scenarier viser at energiforbruket skal fortsette å øke. Vi trenger følgelig mer energi. Dette har bidrat til at diskusjoner rundt kjernekraft i Norge er høyaktuelle og pågående. Norsk Kjernekraft AS har blitt opprettet med formål om å bygge Norges første kjernekraftverk. I tillegg ble det i fjor også bevilget 200 millioner kroner fra Regjeringen til et nytt senter som skal drive med nukleær forskning. Målet er å styrke den norske kunnskapsberedskapen på det nukleære området. Dette betyr at vi beveger oss i en retning hvor kjernekraft en dag kan bli aktuelt i Norge, og noen mener at dette er den eneste veien å gå hvis vi skal nå målene våre for 2050. Men i dag sitter vi med flere spørsmål enn svar, blant annet: Hvilken teknologi og leverandør burde vi velge? Er regelverket for snevert og strengt? Hvordan kan dette gjøres og samtidig ivareta sikkerhet? Hvordan tjener et kjernekraftverk penger?

Dette prosjektet skal svare på samtlige av disse spørsmålene i en detaljert og omfattende analyse. Her bruker vi grunnlagsdata til å vurdere dagens forskning opp mot hvordan industrien i andre land opererer, og ut ifra dette forsøke estimere hva risikoen knyttet til å bygge kjernekraft som industri i Norge er. Prosjektet sikter på å gi et så helhetlig bilde som mulig slik at vi kan gjøre oss opp en mening basert på fakta; om kjernekraft passer inn i miksen av det som utgjør norsk energi.

Denne prosjektbeskrivelsen skisserer forskningen Vala Maria Valsdottir (omtales herunder som stipendiaten) skal utføre innenfor sin doktorgradsavhandling. Prosjektet skal være en del av Senter for nukleær forskning (SNF) som fikk midler vinteren 2023.
Ph.d.-prosjektet er initiert av Inmeta Consulting AS, som igjennom denne ph.d.-stillingen vil bli en del av SNF. Inmeta planlegger en prosjektperiode på fire år, hvor stipendiaten arbeider 75 % med ph.d.-prosjektet og 25 % med vanlig virksomhet hos Inmeta. 
Prosjektet skal undersøke muligheten for kjernekraft som industri i Norge. Dette er både en samfunnsaktuell problemstilling samt en som medlemmene i SNF er interessert i å utforske. Stipendiaten kommer derfor til å samarbeide med alle aktørene som er involvert i senteret og benytte forskningsdata fra dem. Dette gjelder da spesielt Institutt for energiteknikk (IFE) som har mest grunnlagsdata som er relevant for dette prosjektet.
Kandidaten ferdigstilte en masteroppgave høsten 2020 i kjernefysikk på Universitetet i Oslo (UiO) og har derfor gode og relevante grunnkunnskaper for å ta på seg et slikt prosjekt. I tillegg har kandidaten tre års erfaring innenfor energibransjen, og er derfor oppdatert på industrien og forstår deres problemstillinger godt.

Er kjernekraft aktuelt for Norge?

InART is recognized as one of the main conference series in the field of Heritage Science and since its first edition in 2013 (Evora, Portugal) it mainly focused on the contribution of natural sciences to the field. A major change occurred after the COVID-19 pandemic, when a greater number of researchers from different branches of heritage science participated in InART 2022 (Paris, France). 
InART is an open platform for knowledge-sharing among professionals in the field of Heritage Science, including conservation.
These aspects are covered by the main conference topics:
•	Development of new tools (devices, technology, software, etc.), advanced data analysis and FAIR data management
•	Development and/or implementation of new methods and routines (diagnostic and conservation) for the understanding of heritage materials, techniques, and degradation processes (chemical, physical and biological)
•	Development, testing (includes mechanical testing), and characterization of new materials for conservation (special attention to green conservation treatments)
•	Application of non-invasive/non-destructive techniques
•	Preventive conservation: environmental monitoring techniques and climate/microclimate effects on the conservation of heritage sites and exposed objects.

Heritage science is a highly multidisciplinary research field. Consequently, topics covered during the InArt2024 conference can be approached from different points of view and the conference aims to merge natural sciences and conservation, providing a dynamic space for active interaction, scientific exchange, and debates on the central issues of heritage science research. InART2024 welcomes contributors from diverse fields to join and create an interdisciplinary discussion about cultural heritage conservation within the fields of archaeological objects, artworks, built heritage, etc.

6th International Conference on Innovation in Art Research and Technology

Applied Biocatalysis is the development through science and engineering of useful biological catalysts and their commercial applications. The BNCM 2024 conference has an intention to gather approx. 100 international and national scientists from academia and industry in addition to PhD students from the international community. BNCM 2024 will be the 7th in this series of meetings with attendees from both academia and industry presenting and discussing the newest research in enzyme catalysed reactions in other media than water. The conference series was started in 1986 by professors Hans Tramper and Urs von Stockar, University of Wageningen, the Netherlands, and has later been chaired in Russia, Italy and Germany before Elisabeth Jacobsen at NTNU was give the honor of chairing the conference.  Collaboration in biocatalysis research has been supported by EU Frameworks as three subsequent COST actions. The first action, COST Action D25 "Applied Biocatalysis. Stereoselective and environmentally friendly reactions catalysed by enzymes " (2001-2007) was initiated and chaired by professor Thorleif Anthonsen, NTNU, the founder of the Biocatalysis Group at NTNU, which the project leader of this conference now chair. The strategy of applied biocatalysis fits well under the definitions of white biotechnology and Sustainable chemistry (Suschem) and fits also well with the EU Green Deal Strategy.

7th International Conference on Biocatalysis in Non-Conventional Media

End-to-End Green House Gas (GHG) Monitoring Service

Sustainable cultivation of polychaetes as feed in aquaculture

InterNASH - An intercellular-pathway therapeutic for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis

Norwegian Ocean Alliance to Horizon Europe

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på år

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020 fordelt på fagområde

Strategic advisor -EU

NOAH-prosjektet tar sikte på å etablere et nasjonalt økosystem for samarbeid mellom akademia, instituttsektoren og næringsliv, som vil fremme Hav-forskning og innovasjon på hav og en bærekraftig blå økonomi, i arbeidsprogrammene til det kommende EU-rammeprogrammet "Horisont Europa".
NOAH vil dermed samle hav-nasjonen Norge og samkjøre nasjonale forsknings- og høyere-utdanningsstrategier med forretningsstrategier i havnæringene. NOAH vil bidra til realiseringen av den nasjonale politiske agendaen for hav og en bærekraftig blå økonomi.
Ved å knytte sammen disse sektorene vil alliansepartnerne bli bedre posisjonert for å jobbe mot alle tre pilarene i Horisont Europa samt "Missions" og partnerskap. Dessuten er det forventet at NOAH-alliansen vil ha en positiv innvirkning på økonomisk retur til Norge

The NOAH project aims at establishing the necessary cooperation ecosystem between academia, the institute sector and industry clusters at national level, addressing broadly and transversely RD&I on Ocean and sustainable blue economy in the upcoming Horizon Europe work?programme, and?advocating for?a prominent place to ‘blue’ topics in?the Horizon Europe?programme.? 

NOAH will thus gather Ocean-nation Norway, aligning research and higher?education strategies and business development plans?of ocean-depending industrial sectors. NOAH will?contribute?significantly to the implementation of the national political agenda on ocean and sustainable blue economy 

By linking these sectors,?the alliance?partners will be?better positioned?to work towards all three pillars of Horizon Europe as well as the relevant Mission and Partnerships. By doing this NOAH alliance will be positioned to increase the return?of?the Horizon Europe budget?to Norwegian actors.

The term "hunger gap" (no: “vårknipa”) traditionally used in agricultural communities, refers to the period at the end of winter when winter provisions are depleting, yet the growing season has not yet started. In contemporary usage, the term also describes the food situation for wild animals, which may encounter challenging conditions at the end of winter. This situation is particularly pronounced in the Arctic, where the Svalbard reindeer is awaiting new plant growth after an eight-month-long winter. The limited winter food supply has prompted various morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to conserve energy, crucial for overcoming the "hunger gap". The aim of my thesis is to investigate annual and individual variation in what ends the “hunger gap” for reindeer. I will utilize a dataset of activity and heart rate monitoring of ca 50 GPS-marked female Svalbard reindeer. In these data there is a very rapid increase in activity and heart rate from a “winter mode” to “summer mode”, a signal I define as the end of the “hunger gap”. I hypothesize a relatively large annual variation in the date of this switch, cause by annual variation in snow melt, spring temperatures and plant growth. On the individual level I will investigate the effect of body condition, age and reproductive status on the date of the “end of hunger gap” signal. I will be provided with activity and heart rate data from my supervisor, and will myself collect the required data on ground spring temperatures and calf at heel status together with a field assistant in august 2024.

From winter time to summer time – what ends the "hunger gap" for Svalbard reindeer?

The ongoing climatic changes will have undisputable effects on biodiversity and ecosystems. For small ectotherms (e.g. insects) the current state-of-the-art focusses on physiological performances (often measured as critical thermal limits), warming tolerance (resilience) and phenotypic and evolutionary responses. These data provide input to models used to describe expansion – or more often restriction – of species distributions. The climate is changing especially rapidly in the Arctic. Much of the knowledge we have on responses (or lack hereof) to warmer temperatures in terrestrial arthropods is based on studies on temperate and tropic species. Further, the little we do know about the realized warming tolerance under field conditions in the Arctic is based on extreme physiological endpoints, such as critical thermal maxima, measured in the laboratory. The aim of the project is to investigate the consequences of increasing temperatures on behaviour and energy budget for coping with heat under field relevant conditions in Arctic insects. In doing so, the project will generate much needed information on potential overlooked consequences and resilience of Arctic insects to increasing temperature. Here, we want to explore to role of behavior for thermal adaptation and adaptive thermal responses, and assess the energetic consequences of increasing temperatures. The results might fundamental change our understanding of thermal adaptation in small ectotherms in general and the current predictions regarding the resilience to climate change specifically. Thus, there is a potential for reforming the research field.

The role of energy budget in a changing world: Are forecasts missing an important aspect for Arctic insects?

Compared with research in other business disciplines such as finance, strategy, and marketing, in Norway research in accounting is lagging behind. The situation is fairly similar across the Nordic countries, with a major shortage of qualified people being able to publish in high-quality international journals. The aim of the conference is to stimulate high-quality accounting research in Northern Europe with a particular focus on PhD students and young faculty members affiliated with Scandinavian universities and business schools. 
SARC intends to blend outstanding international accounting researchers with PhD students and faculty who recently have started their academic careers. By giving young faculty and PhD students an opportunity to present or discuss papers and research ideas with top international researchers, we believe that both the quantity and quality of accounting scholars will increase over time. The conference will, in addition to presentations and discussions of research, give ample opportunities for networking and informal meetings as collaborations across institutions and borders is key to succeed in academia.
The type of research that our conference encourages produces new knowledge of the functioning of the capital markets, including the role of regulation and (accounting and auditing) standard setting. It increases our understanding of the incentives of various actors in the market (importantly firm managers and external auditors but also financial analysts and large shareholders) as well as explores the informational needs of a variety of stakeholders (not limited to equity and debt investors). The topics for the conference more recently also include exploring sustainability and ethical considerations related to capital markets, such as reporting of climate change-related risks and managers’ earnings-management incentives.

Scandinavian Accounting Research Conference and Doctoral Consortium 2024

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal  services. The Arctic region is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial  ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg  sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of HgFJORD is to identify the pathways of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognized as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. Earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. HgFJORD will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation. Two sampling campaigns are planned in June and August 2024. The collaboration between the Norwegian Polar Institute and the University of Liege during these two fieldworks will allow the analysis of Hg stable isotope analysis in unique biotic and abiotic samples including marine and glacial sediments, phyto- to macrozooplantlon, birds and seals, and assess the effect of spring blooming (June) and glaciers melting run-off (August) on Hg local sourcing. The empirical output of HgFJORD will be used to develop an adaptive risk assessment and applied management model for the forecasting of the impact of climate change on the dynamics of pollutants in Arctic coastal systems. This will be the main objective of a future project starting September 2024 (From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative tool to assess marine pollution in a changing Arctic (SEASOL); RiS: 12272).

Mercury dynamics in Arctic fjord marine food webs

Konferansen og sommerskolen for Society of Experimental Finance (SFE) vil finne sted i Stavanger i juni 2024. For første gang vil arrangementet inkludere en utvidet nettverksøkt med søkelys på kvinner i finans. Målet med dette initiativet er å gi mentorstøtte for unge kvinnelige forskere og en mulighet for nettverksbygging for kvinner som forsker og kvinner som jobber innenfor finansområdet.

Vi vil arrangere en paneldebatt der sentrale kvinnelige forskere i finans kan dele sine erfaringer, diskutere utfordringer de har møtt eller møter, og hvordan de har overkommet dem. På samme samling vil kvinnelige næringslivsledere med bakgrunn og interesse for finans fra finansgruppen i Næringsforeningen i Rogaland delta. Tanken er at å koble den teoretiske tilnærmingen innenfor finans med den praktiske tilnærmingen og erfaringer. Vi mener at dette er et svært viktig initiativ og kunne være til stor inspirasjon for deltakerne, siden det er nesten 60% frafall for kvinnelig forskere i finans på veien til professorkompetanse.

Sommer-skole-delen av arrangementet er rettet mot 30 doktorgradsstudenter, masterstudenter og andre som er på et tidlig stadium i sin forskningskarriere og som ønsker å lære mer om fremskrittene innen eksperimentell finans og selskapsstyring.

Konferansen sentrerer rundt diskusjon og formidling av forskningsartikler som søker å forstå ulike problemsstillinger rundt funksjonen og etikken i finansmarkedene.

The project consists of two parts: (1) Ph.D. summer school and (2) annual world meetings for the Society of Experimental Finance in June 2024. About 500 people are currently members of the Society for Experimental Finance (website: https://www.experimentalfinance.org/home). Both activities present and discuss topics relevant to the function and ethics of financial markets. 

The Summer School brings together 30 Ph.D. students from around the world for an intensive 2-day workshop, offered by experts in the field. The summer school is scheduled for 8-10 June, 2024. Olga Rud (Project Manager) offered a module for the 2023 Summer School, and for 2024 Olga plans to teach jointly with other experts. Nadya Malenko (Boston College) has already confirmed her participation in both the summer school, and the conference, as a keynote speaker. Michaela Pagel (Washington University) and Elena Asparouhova (U. Utah) have confirmed their participation as well. 

The Conference follows the Summer School with about 80 scientific contributions and 3 female keynote speakers. The topics for this year are centred on Corporate Governance. The conference is scheduled for 10-13 June, 2024. The sessions combine presentations from Ph.D students and Professors.

In addition to the scientific presentations, the conference includes a novel mentoring session: women in finance. We have also confirmed the participation of the Stavanger Chamber of Commerce Finance Network. The session seeks to improve the diversity in the field and industry, and facilitate networking among the underrepresented groups.

Summer School and Conference on Experimental Finance 2024

There has been great emphasis on quantifying the release of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane from melting permafrost. However, research on links between melting glaciers and permafrost and nitrogen release has been limited, despite its potential as a direct or indirect greenhouse gas. Recent studies have suggested that weathering of shale and coal bedrock in proglacial/periglacial environments has the potential to be a terrestrial hotspot for nitrogen release into the aquatic system. Mobilised nitrate may be converted into nitrous oxide (a greenhouse gas ~300 times more potent than CO2 on a 100-year time scale), and may impact nitrogen-limited coastal ecosystem productivity and carbon cycling. Svalbard is one of these potential terrestrial nitrogen hotspots, and is therefore an ideal place to quantify geogenic N sources, subsequent transport and processing across the aquatic continuum, and eventual marine fate. Last year, an AFG awarded as part of the NITRIRUN project (RiS ID 12255) gathered detailed data from one small catchment near Longyearbyen, to investigate the processing and cycling of nitrogen on land in one small river system. In the proposed fieldwork, we will start upscaling this work. The ultimate aim is to develop a process-based catchment nitrogen model for Adventdalen in southwest Spitsbergen, representing geogenic N mobilisation, vertical nitrous oxide losses during transit from source area to coast, and coastal delivery. A crucial first step in setting up this model is to define the source areas of geogenic nitrogen, and that is the focus of this AFG. Project aims are therefore to establish: (1) where geogenic nitrate is entering surface waters; (2) nitrate concentrations and their variability; and (3) link results to broader landscape features that can be easily derived from readily-available spatial datasets, for upscaling and extrapolation outside the study area.

Characterising geogenic nitrate source areas in Adventdalen

In my master thesis, I will investigate the reproductive success of a Svalbard breeding population of the snow bunting Plectrophenax nivalis in relation to food abundance. The snow bunting is the world’s northernmost breeding passerine species. Assessing how species like the snow bunting are able to adapt is critical for understanding ecosystem dynamics in a rapidly warming Arctic. Adult snow buntings feed mostly on plant material, but they provision their young with arthropods. By examining how breeding success in snow buntings relates to food abundance, I aim to determine whether climate change is inducing a mismatch between snow bunting breeding phenology and the timing of arthropod peak biomass. To distinguish the complex effects of climate change from the large inter-annual variation characteristic for the Arctic, long-term monitoring data is essential. 
This project is part of the snow bunting long-term monitoring project (SNOWBUNTING, RiS ID 2272) which has monitored the annual reproductive success of snow buntings since 1998. The project registers onset of breeding, clutch size, nestling weight, and fledgling success in response to local weather and largescale climatic parameters. Since 2014, it also includes monitoring of seasonal variation in insect abundance. My fieldwork will cover all monitoring in 2024, ensuring the continuation of the long-term time series. Together with data from the previous years, the 2024 data will be critical to understand the relationship between snow bunting breeding phenology and the timing of arthropod peak biomass. The field campaign is scheduled from June 10th until mid-August. Nest monitoring will require almost daily fieldwork until mid-July. Arthropods will be monitored with pitfall traps, emptied every 4th day between June 10th – August 18th. Collected arthropods will be identified to group-level and their dry weight estimated to investigate seasonal variation in arthropod abundance.

Breeding phenology of Svalbard snow buntings in relation to arthropod abundance

Warming temperatures and a reduction of sea-ice scour opens the Arctic intertidal as habitat for colonization by both seaweeds and marine invertebrates. Indeed, large increases in the biomass of seaweeds and invertebrates on Arctic coasts have already been documented in the past decades and are predicted to continue. To understand the ramifications of this widespread ecological change in the Arctic intertidal, one needs to examine species-specific responses and how these drive inter-species interactions and ecosystem dynamics. Information about Arctic intertidal communities across environmental gradients are few, and even more scarce are studies on: species adaptability, biotic interactions, and regional variability in population and community structure, all of which contribute to ecosystem stability.

We propose to examine the stability of components of the Arctic intertidal ecosystem along an environmental gradient (low wave & sea-ice stress -> high wave & sea-ice stress). Specific objectives are to study the effects of abiotic forcing on i) seaweed morphology ii) the colonization of the intertidal by seaweeds and invertebrates iii) the genetic constitution of intertidal seaweed and invertebrate populations. 

During a field expedition to Svalbard in the summer of 2024, we will perform quadrat and transect surveys of intertidal biota, as well as collect samples for further morphological, taxonomical, and genetic analyses. 

The main challenge is to collect samples at sites that present a broad enough environmental gradient for an impactful study. We can reach a variety of exposed and sheltered sites in Kongsfjorden to achieve the stated objectives. Collaboration with other researchers to obtain freshly collected or preserved material for genetic analysis from Svalbard outside of Kongsfjorden will be desirable to broaden the scientific impact of this study.

Intertidal ecosystem response to an increasingly ice-free Arctic

Tilsynelatende lever vi i tider med uovertrufne nivåer av ulikhet. For å forstå alvoret i problemet, foreslår vi en forskningsagenda som fokuserer på å undersøke de teoretiske fundamentene for formuesakkumulering gjennom både private midler som arbeid eller private selskaper og offentlige finansmarkeder.

For å oppnå dette målet utvikler vi modeller som tar sikte på å utforske konsekvensene av heterogenitet og ikke-omsettelig formue for eiendomspriser og total ulikhet. Vår tilnærming innebærer å konstruere modeller innenfor et rammeverk med kontinuerlig overlappende generasjoner som inkorporerer heterogene agenter. Innenfor denne rammen tilpasser vi variasjoner i inntektskarakteristikker, preferanser, tidspreferanser, tro og lærings-effektivitet blant agenter samtidig.

We live in times with unprecedented levels of inequality. To understand the severity of the problem we propose a research agenda concerned with theoretical underpinnings of wealth accumulation through private nontradable means, which we refer to as private Lucas trees, and the stock market and bonds.
To this end, we propose to build two models to study the consequences of heterogeneity and nontradable capital or trees on asset prices and inequality. More specifically, we use a theoretical tool called fictitious completion, which practically means that an incomplete market is transferred into an equivalent complete market through adjusting the state prices or discount factor. The reason for this is because models with complete financial markets are inherently much simpler to solve. We do this in a continuous time overlapping generations model with heterogeneous agents, where for some specifications we can obtain closed form solutions for all quantities but some of the equilibrium diffusion coefficients of the price processes.
Within this framework, we can simultaneously allow for heterogeneity in the characteristics of the private trees (income), preferences, time preferences, beliefs, and learning (efficiency). We then study asset pricing implications and effects on consumption and wealth dynamics if agents cannot borrow against their private trees.
Next, we study how investment into the private trees propagates heterogeneity into inequality in consumption and wealth. We consider that unlocking the growth potential of a private tree requires an upfront investment. Due to heterogeneity/inequality some will not be able to make the investment. A (wealth) transfer can effectively reduce the heterogeneity but this will come at the cost of deterring some would-be investors that without the taxation to finance the transfer system actually would investment. We ask what are the asset pricing implications and effects on consumption and wealth dynamics in this setting.

Heterogeneity and inequality

The most recent population survey of Arctic ringed seals conducted in Svalbard was in 2003.  Over the past 5 years, the Norwegian Polar Institute has been developing the techniques, methodologies and field competence to survey marine mammals using UAV. In 2023 a full-scale survey of all ice-covered areas in the Isjforden area - Tempelfjord, Ymmerbukta, Ekmanbukta, Adolfbukta and Dicksonfjord - was conducted. Van Mijenfjorden to the south and Kongsfjorden to the north are also important areas for ringed seals and, importantly, neither location has had an updated survey since 2003 yet these areas have been consistently highlighted as a high priority for research into marine mammal occurrence, abundance, distribution and population trends. The overall goal of this research is therefore to provide the first population assessment of ringed seals in western Svalbard in over 20 years that includes Van Mijenfjorden and Kongsfjorden. 

The presence of sea ice dictates the timing of fieldwork for two reasons 1) for ringed seals, sea ice is a substrate on which they haul out during their annual moult and 2) sea ice is used as a takeoff and landing substrate for UAV. 

The research group will use a small Polarcirkel as a means of transport around Kongsfjorden to fly UAV surveys using the recently installed 4G network.  Accessing Van Mijenfjorden will primarily be using snowmobiles with sledges from Longyearbyen to the Svea Research Station in order to transport two larger fixed wing UAV to the site and, given the dimensions of the fjord, to move within the site to different takeoff and landing sites to maximise coverage relative to the endurance of the UAV. 

Surveys will be designed a priori to cover all sea ice within each fjord, using a fixed wing UAV fitted with a digital camera, flown on automated flight profiles to collect high resolution digital imagery of each fjord that will be used to assess ringed seal abundances.

Drone surveys of ice associated seals hauled out on sea-ice during the moulting period (part of ARK)

Ericaceous dwarf-shrubs are dominant in the boreal, alpine and arctic ecosystems of the Nothern hemisphere, including Norway, and they are strongly affected by global changes. Thanks to their high functional diversity, unique mycorrhiza associations and many plant-animal interactions, ericaceous dwarf-shrubs contribute disproportionally to ecosystem functions and services. Despite this, they are understudied and a comprehensive overview of their roles in ecosystem functioning and their response to climate change is lacking. 

Leveraging the RCN DURIN project network, SHRUBS will gather researchers at different career stages (PhD students, young and established researchers) from a wide range of disciplines and expertise. In the workshop, we will produce a synthesis paper combining a review of the functions and services provided by ericaceous dwarf-shrubs with a bibliometric analysis of the cited studies creating an ideal background for enhanced collaboration across disciplines.

Synthesing the roles of High-latitude eRicaceous dwarf shrubs: Underappreciated Biodiversity, ecological functions and ecosystem Services

Ettersom klimaendringene akselererer, og bringer med seg uforutsigbare værmønstre og redusert nedbør, har behovet for innovative løsninger for vannforvaltning aldri vært mer presserende.

Vår tilnærming er todelt. For det første revolusjonerer vi vannfordelingen gjennom banebrytende teknolo-gi. Forestill deg et smart nettverk der tingenes internett og kunstig intelligens arbeider sammen, og skaper et system som ikke bare forstår, men forutser vannbehov. Dette systemet kan forutsi etterspørselen i sann-tid, justere distribusjonen deretter, og til og med identifisere lekkasjer eller ineffektiviteter – med poten-siale for betydelig reduksjon   i vannsløsing.

For det andre, ved å utnytte de siste fremskrittene innen vitenskapen om porøse materialer og pros-essteknikk, utvikler vi en teknologi som kan trekke fuktighet fra atmosfæren og omdanne den til brukbart vann. Dette er ikke bare et teoretisk konsept, men en praktisk løsning for å tilby vann i områder hvor det er en knapp ressurs, uavhengig av klimaet.

Vårt prosjekt går utover ren bevaring. Det handler om proaktiv forvaltning og bærekraftig bruk av vannres-surser globalt. Ved å integrere disse teknologiene i eksisterende vannforsyningssystemer, sikter vi mot å muliggjøre  en bærekraftig, langsiktig løsning på vannmangel, og sikre at alle samfunn, fra travle byer til avsidesliggende landsbyer, har tilgang til rent, trygt vann.

Dette er mer enn et prosjekt; det er en visjon for en fremtid hvor vannmangel er fraværende, og teknologi og innovasjon leder an i bevaringen av vår planets mest vitale ressurs.

This project addresses the critical challenges posed by climate change in the Mediterranean region, characterized by an anticipated temperature increase of 2 ºC to 4 ºC and a rainfall reduction of 4% to 30% by 2050. Given that over 70% of the region's water resources are allocated to agriculture and the prevalent inefficient water distribution in its predominantly small villages, there is an urgent need for innovative solutions to preserve and optimize water availability.

The project proposes a two-pronged approach. Firstly, it aims to enhance water distribution efficiency by integrating advanced technologies such as the Internet of Things and Artificial Intelligence. This involves developing a smart water distribution system capable of optimizing water allocation, predicting real-time demand, and identifying consumption irregularities.

Secondly, the project addresses the Mediterranean's limited and unevenly distributed water resources by exploring alternative freshwater sources. A key focus is developing a novel water adsorption technology to extract water from atmospheric air. This technology leverages recent advancements in porous material science and aims to be cost-effective and efficient, irrespective of ambient conditions. Integrating this technology into existing water supply systems is envisioned to provide a sustainable solution to the water scarcity challenges exacerbated by climate change.

Overall, this project not only aims to tackle the immediate issues of water loss and inefficiency but also seeks to revolutionize water resource management in the Mediterranean region by harnessing cutting-edge technology and innovative scientific advancements.

PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

Norwegian Ocean Alliance to Horizon Europe

Alternativ tittel: Norwegian Ocean Alliance to Horizon Europe

Tildelt: kr 0,84 mill.

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PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

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