2024

2023

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Prosjektbanken presenterer statistikk og informasjon om prosjekter med finansiering fra Forskningsrådet fra 2004. Statistikken er fordelt på blant annet tema, år, geografi og organisasjon. Prosjektbanken gir også detaljert informasjon om de enkelte prosjektene.

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Forurensning

Controlling the flow of attention: Transition dynamics of attention and distraction across external and internal domains

We often choose to distract our minds, either externally (e.g., looking at our phone) or internally (e.g., thinking about weekend plans). It is currently not clear how, when, or why we (choose to) become distracted, nor do we have a mechanistic understanding of flow states, in which there is minimal distraction. This is a pressing issue, as distraction is omnipresent in our society, obstructing our capacity to focus both on personal goals and the many challenges humanity faces. To advance our understanding on how distraction occurs, we must overcome the current practice in which different attentional states are studied in isolation. I propose to capture the different research fields on attention in a single space defined by the dimensions “direction” (external vs. internal) and “locus” (on-task vs. distracted), distinguishing four attentional states (i.e., On-Task-External, On-Task-Internal, External Distraction, and Mind Wandering). The objective of the MIND-FLOW project is to map the dynamical transitions between these states and to causally influence the amount of time people spend in each of them. I will use behavioral measures, eye-tracking, and pupillometry to capture these states and quantify the dwelling times and a transition matrix through computational modeling. Inspired by recent empirical work on attention switching and neurobiological models of mind wandering, I hypothesize (i) the existence of an Off-Focus state through which these dynamical transitions occur, (ii) that internal bias and goal value determine which areas are visited most, and (iii) that contextual manipulations can alter the relative times spent in each area. I will test these predictions by a model-comparison approach and within-subject experimental manipulations of context volatility and task difficulty. Bridging these different fields of attentional research will increase cross-talk between them and provide building blocks for interventions targeting healthy attentional engagement.

Developing climate-resilient and eco-sustainable railway earthwork by mitigating geohazards while balancing biodiversity

The resilient and sustainable development of railway networks is fundamental for economic and social progress, especially under the current climate. To achieve this, we must embrace new innovative solutions while replicating best practices that benefit nature. Alongside increasing the infrastructure resilience and safety, we need transformative changes in railway earthwork asset development that go beyond prioritising decarbonisation and digitalisation and seek to restore nature, safeguard biodiversity and produce positive outcomes for human societies. Leveraging cutting-edge technologies like AI, earth observation, statistical analysis, advanced numerical modelling, laboratory tests and sensor technologies, RESOLVE seeks to integrate conventional engineering practices with life sciences, empowered by data science. Furthermore, RESOLVE will pioneer synergistic solutions that tackle climate change adaptation in railway earthwork assets while creating opportunities for nature restoration. This attempt involves developing nature-based solutions (NBS) and environmentally friendly construction materials, with the additional aim of fostering biodiversity restoration beyond ground reinforcement. Highly skilled researchers and practitioners, capable of dealing with such problems are scarce and in high demand by academia and industry. Thus, formed with 11 world leading research organisations and 3 companies across Europe and internationally with expertise and facilities in these areas, RESOLVE aims to ensure comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained for railway network climate resilience built and eco-sustainable development. The network is carefully designed to enables research and innovative staff exchange across all aspects. RESOLVE secondees will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersectoral staff exchange, sharing know-how and skills development environment through the planned secondments, networkwide events and local trainings.

When a liquid droplet is placed on a solid surface with a temperature significantly higher than the boiling point of the liquid, the droplet hovers above the surface on a thin layer of its own vapor, a phenomenon known as the Leidenfrost effect. While this effect is highly undesirable in certain cooling applications due to the reduced energy transfer between the solid and evaporating liquid caused by the poor heat conductivity of the vapor, it can be of significant interest in various processes where avoiding contact with the surface is advantageous.  The LeidenForce project aims to comprehensively study the Leidenfrost effect and propose novel applications, either to mitigate its adverse effects or leverage its advantages. LeidenForce intends to (i) shift the fundamental understanding of the transition to the Leidenfrost state, (ii) optimize the heat transfer between the droplet and the substrate, (iii) utilize the isolated droplet to manipulate small amounts of liquid in unconventional scenarios (e.g., on a liquid surface, within a channel), and (iv) harness the vapor film to capture or confine particles using an external electrical field.  The practical implications will be leveraged by non-academic institutions involved in aviation (such as AIRBUS), metallurgy (CRM), cryogenics (Air Liquide), and space exploration (Centre Spatial de Liège). In aviation, managing cryogenic fuel is a crucial step toward achieving zero-emission flights. In metallurgy, innovative cooling methods will be developed based on mitigating the Leidenfrost effect. Air Liquide will address cooling issues by introducing particles into the evaporating liquid to modify the Leidenfrost effect. Lastly, at the Centre Spatial de Liège, Leidenfrost droplets will be utilised to delicately clean surfaces by trapping particles within these contactless droplets.

Advanced Leidenfrost Effect

Improvement of the quality and safety of fermented beverages through the management and control of spoilage microorganisms

SpoilControl will train the next generation of polyvalent researchers in the field of sustainable fermentation technologies, able to meet current and future challenges created by microbial spoilage and improve the quality & safety of fermented beverages. Europe is the historical leader of fermented drinks, whose competitiveness is intensively challenged. Microbial spoilage in fermented food is a growing concern from a financial viewpoint (economic losses) and from a health perspective (increasing presence of pathogens, particularly in improperly homemade or artisanal productions). Such quality & safety issues are amplified by societal and environmental changes: the consumer trend toward low-input products, sustainable practices, small-scale productions and climate changes are associated with increased risks of microbial spoilage. In addition, the fermentation sector cruelly lacks a global framework & training between beverages, resulting in efforts duplication & investments partitioning. SpoilControl will unfold an original strategy based on multiple beverages (wine, spirits, beer, cider, kombucha, kefir), multiple disciplines (from environmental & life sciences to engineering or economics), multiple solutions (development of sustainable biological, chemical and physical treatments). The consortium covers the whole fermentation chain from Fermentation to Glass with 34 partners including universities, SMEs, large companies, innovation cluster, start-up, analysis laboratories, technical institutes and homebrewers’ group. SpoilControl will have multiple impacts: at the scientific level, the study of non-conventional microbial species will be useful besides the fermentation sector; at the societal level, SpoilControl will improve public awareness of safety issues in fermented food and promote best practices for all end-users (industrials, consumers); the development of innovative solutions and treatments will have immediate and long-term economic impact.  

To develop autonomous robots that are able to comply with social conventions and expectations, and avoid rejection from humans requires that robots must be aware of the social context in which they operate. To this extent, robots need to be endowed with high levels of reactivity, proactivity, responsiveness, and intelligibility. The Doctoral Network - Industrial Doctorates on Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs (SWEET) aims at training a new generation of research and professional figures able to advance the development of socially aware robots capable of perceiving, interpreting, and responding to human emotions, intentions, and cultural differences. The training program will offer a diverse curriculum, encompassing theoretical knowledge, hands-on technical skills, and real-world application scenarios. The network's interdisciplinary approach includes various fields, such as artificial intelligence, machine learning, human-robot interaction, computer vision, and cognitive sciences. Doctoral candidates will be immersed in cutting-edge research and innovation, gaining insights from the experience of both industrial and academic acclaimed research groups. The network will place a strong emphasis on ethical considerations and responsible innovation, deploying socially aware robots aligned with societal values and promoting inclusivity.  Doctoral Candidates will also have the opportunity to participate in a unique coaching program for continuous professional development of their soft and leadership individual skills. Integration Milestones following a Scenario-Based Learning approach will provide co-working activities where collaborative design/implementation is fostered. The inter-sectoral collaboration between academia, user groups’ representatives, business developers, and robot manufacturers of the project will further strengthen the novelty and impact of the research and training, and that research results are economically, socially, and technically feasible.

Social aWareness for sErvicE roboTs

Complex lipid membranes for science and technology

“CLIMB-Complex lipid membranes for science and technology” is a doctoral network of leading European lipid-research laboratories with highly complementary research expertise and training capabilities, which will allow participating PhD students to develop a wide range of research and transferable skills attractive to employers in both academic and industrial sectors. The research themes focus on the hypothesis that comprehensive understanding of the role of compositional complexity on “yet to be explored” structural properties and membrane-driven interactions is key to developing complex lipid-based nanomaterials that mimic the cellular environment and function as high-performance sustainable materials. A central aspect of the CLIMB programme is the development and physicochemical characterization of structure and stability of aggregates formed by novel lipid mixtures including natural extracts and novel protective polymer/peptoid-based coatings. Scientific results will be made available to non-academic partners to assess its possible translation into applications in the fields of mRNA delivery, bio-sensor development, and “green” formulations, areas in line with some of the grand challenges identified by EU. These objectives will be achieved by combining advanced and complementary experimental approaches from chemistry, physics, biology, and computational sciences. Through close collaboration with a network of both small and large industrial partners, the trainees will receive direct hands-on experience, and will gain insights into how lipid-based materials are used in innovative applications. In summary, CLIMB aims to advance the current knowledge on the interplay between structure, functions, interaction, and compositional complexity in lipid membrane. The generated results will contribute to important knowledge transfer between academia and the companies involved, promoting and increasing the success rate for innovations of grand societal challenges.

Random sampling for trustworthy pooling layers in graph neural networks

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are deep learning architectures that hold the promise of durably changing our way of, e.g., predicting inter-molecular chemical affinity to accelerate drug discovery or smartly balancing power loads on the electricity grid. My project focuses on pooling layers, a major building block of neural networks, including GNNs. In a nutshell, pooling layers generate local summaries of the data to enable faster computations and generate discriminative multiscale representations. The traditional periodic-sampling-based pooling that has proven so successful for data defined on regular grids such as time series or images becomes ill-defined when the underlying space of the data loses its regularity – such as data defined over graphs. Today’s existing solutions stem from a trial-and-error approach often driven by two practical and somewhat short-sighted objectives: computation efficiency and empirical predictive performance. The aim of my project is to add trustworthiness as a main objective in the design of novel pooling layers for GNNs. To achieve this, I will bridge the fields of signal processing, point processes, and random numerical linear algebra with graph machine learning to incorporate random methods (mainly random sampling and random projections) into the design of pooling layers for GNNs.  Indeed, randomized approaches are provably well adapted to three pillars of trustworthiness: technical robustness,  transparency, and privacy. The outcome of my project will be an extensively tested, theoretically-grounded,  trustworthy, ready-to-be-deployed, open-source, GNN-based toolbox, along with its user guide for practitioners. It will be the first GNN architecture benefiting from the theoretical guarantees random pooling layers come with. Such trustworthy GNNs will have an impact in the increasingly many fields in which GNNs are pushing the state-of-the-art: including circuit chip design,  physics, drug discovery and network neuroscience.

Building decentralIsed, DistributEd And Local micro-GRids for dEcarbonisation Electrification challeNge

The IDEAL4GREEN project addresses the urgent challenges of climate change and the global shift towards sustainable energy systems. It focuses on developing and integrating microgrids, which are crucial in managing the variability of renewable resources and achieving decarbonisation targets. The project aligns with the EC's commitment to carbon neutrality by 2050 by empowering energy communities and optimising local supply and demand. The project proposes a comprehensive doctoral training network aimed at developing skilled engineers with interdisciplinary and inter-sectoral expertise. This network diverges from conventional university-based research, maintaining strong industry links and emphasising practical implementation. IDEAL4GREEN consists of 8 beneficiaries and 11 partner organisations, recruiting 15 doctoral candidates to undertake research on microgrids' planning, design, operation, control, and impact assessment. The research encompasses innovative frameworks and methodologies for integrating microgrids and transforming traditional grids into sustainable energy systems. This includes developing advanced control algorithms, cybersecurity, improving mechanisms for microgrid islanding and reconnection, and enhancing the resilience and reliability of interconnected microgrid systems. The project also explores the planning, policy, and economic feasibility of interconnected grids and microgrids. It emphasises creating complete and integrated microgrid design frameworks, utilising integrated energy system modelling, and investigating regulatory policies. In terms of training, the DCs will engage in a mix of academic and industrial experiences, including secondments and networking meetings, ensuring their exposure to both theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The training program covers various aspects, such as advanced technical skills, collaborative communication, critical thinking, problem-solving, and adaptability.  

Breaching the boundaries of safety and intelligence in autonomous systems with risk-based rationality

Autonomous systems able to comprehensively assess and model risks would be a scientific breakthrough leading to highly intelligent system behaviors, safe interactions in unstructured environments, and public trust. Currently, risk perception is an important part of human cognition not adequately implemented in the situation awareness, control and decision-making of autonomous systems. Therefore, this project addresses fundamental research challenges related to risk-based autonomy and safe and efficient shared control with human supervisors. The aim is to develop powerful risk modelling and built-in risk control solutions, closely connected to risk-based decision support for human supervisors in-the-loop. The outcomes of the project will allow for new, safe, and advanced types of transport, mapping and monitoring of oceans and land, and inspections of structures difficult to access. Although there are a few preliminary concepts coupling risk models with control algorithms and artificial intelligence (AI), a fundamental framework providing risk-based control and decision support – for both the autonomous system and human supervisors – does not exist. In BREACH, I will establish such a framework constituted by quantitative risk models merged with data-driven approaches, simulation and model-based approaches, integrating hardware, software, human, and environmental risk elements. The complexity of the framework will gradually evolve in two parallel tracks along with demonstrations for mission planning and execution for autonomous marine “organizations”. The focus on marine systems is due to the demanding challenges in that domain, and my knowledge and experience as a researcher in the Centre of Excellence on Autonomous Marine Operations and Systems (NTNU AMOS). For several years, I have contributed to fundamental research related to risk management of autonomous marine systems, which has convinced me that this project will be a major leap forward with great impact.

NeuroNanotech will train eleven researchers to tackle one of the major challenges in Europe’s ageing population - neurological diseases. The ability to monitor and modulate neural activity using interfaces has enabled a better understanding of brain function and has led to therapeutic solutions for some neurological disorders. Yet, fundamental technological challenges, such as ensuring proper brain tissue interfacing and reliable long-term recording/stimulation after implantation, impede widespread clinical use. New approaches to provide effective treatments are urgently needed.  NeuroNanotech will develop novel nanostructured flexible neural interfaces with highly improved tissue integration, minimizing foreign-body reactions and tissue scarring and allowing stable stimulation treatments. As main innovation, we will develop minimally invasive, ultra-sensitive spintronic magnetic sensors able to record stably without interfering with stimulation signals and avoiding electrode degradation. Connecting both interfaces, we will construct a low-invasive, closed-loop neurostimulation system that integrates feedback signals from the neural activity and provides real-time stimulation of the target structures according to the patient´s needs.  To achieve these goals, NeuroNanotech brings together experts in nanotechnology, device engineering, neuroscience and clinical neurology. The individual research projects are highly interconnected, ensuring interdisciplinary training. Researchers will benefit from training in advanced research and relevant complementary skills, imparted by an international and intersectoral consortium of research institutes, universities, companies, hospitals and social organisations from 9 different countries. We will provide researchers a unique environment focused on innovation and collaboration, with a view to commercial applications of the research results. This framework will open researchers avenues in both academia and health-related industry.

Nanoplatforms for Neuroscience

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Styreleder

Lipit - multifunksjonell sensor styrt fra munn

Barn skal ha lekearealer utendørs hvor de kan leke, utvikle sansemotoriske ferdigheter og oppsøke utfordringer med minst mulig risiko for alvorlige skader. Lovverket krever at lekearealer må være utstyrt med sikkerhetssoner med støtabsorberende fallunderlag rundt lekeapparater. Fallunderlaget må være av en høy kvalitet med tanke på egenskaper som sikkerhet, universell utforming, miljø, kostnadseffektivitet og helse. Behovene for tilgjengelighet med rullestol og for effektive driftsforhold gjør faste underlag attraktive. Derfor har gummidekker vært dominerende de siste tiårene. Forskning har vist at bruk av gummigranulater laget av resirkulerte bildekk kan føre til at miljøskadelige stoffer avgis til naturen. Løse partikler kan også komme på avveie og bli til mikroplast. Det har også vært stilt spørsmål ved muligheten for helsemessige, allergiske reaksjoner hos barna. Dette har utløst et behov for å utvikle nye typer faste fallunderlag, som har lave livssyklus- og vedlikeholdskostnader, men som ikke utgjør noen risiko for miljøet eller for brukerne. 

Initiativtakerne, Oslo og Bergen kommune, skal derfor utvikle en før-kommersiell anskaffelse, som kan få fram innovasjon med utvikling av nye produkter for fallunderlag. Prosjektstøtten går til utvalgte leverandører skal utvikle nye fallunderlag. Da må det sees på alternative materialtyper og nye installasjon- og konstruksjonsløsninger, slik at man får fram flere produkter i et marked hvor det i dag er få attraktive alternativer. Prosjektet hadde oppstart i okt. 22. Den før-kommersielle anskaffelsen ble utlyst i mars 23. Tre leverandørteam fikk støtte til utvikling av en designløsning, og videre til utvikling av en prototype. Denne leveres i november 24. To av disse leverandørteamene skal bli utvalg til en fullskala test på lekeplasser i perioden mai 25-august 26.

Barn har krav til utendørs lekearealer hvor de kan leke, utvikle seg og tøye grenser med minst mulig risiko. Dette innebærer at lekearealer må ha fallunderlag rundt lekeapparater, og disse må være av en viss kvalitet for sikkerhet, universell utforming, miljø, kostnadseffektivitet og helse. Behovene for tilgjengelighet med rullestol og for effektive driftsforhold gjør faste underlag attraktive. Derfor har gummidekker har vært dominerende de siste tiårene. Til tross for enkle driftsforhold, kan det være utfordrende å utbedre skader på disse ved vedlikehold. Forskning har vist at bruk av resirkulert gummi kan føre til at miljøskadelige stoffer avgis til naturen. Løse partikler kan også komme på avveie som mikroplast. Det er behov for å utvikle fallunderlag som svarer til brukernes behov og som har lave livssyklus- og vedlikeholdskostnader, men som ikke utgjør noen risiko for miljøet eller for brukerne. Innovasjonen skal derfor være et helsefremmende, miljøvennlig og driftssikkert fallunderlag som brukere trives på.

Hovedutfordringen er: Hvordan utvikles fallunderlag som løser lovkrav og de ulike brukerbehovene like godt eller bedre enn dagens løsninger, og som samtidig er helsefremmende og bærekraftige?
Det er identifisert flere delutfordringer: Hvilken installasjons- og konstruksjonsmetode sikrer et fleksibelt, utskiftbart og robust underlag? Det må undersøkes om underlaget skal være en integrert del av lekeapparatet, eller en del av grunnarbeidet før installasjon. Skal fallunderlaget være modulært? 
Hvilket materiale som bunnlag sikrer gode drenerende egenskaper, men ingen avrenning av miljøskadelige stoffer? Hvilket topplagsmateriale tilfredsstiller strenge helse- og miljøkrav, krav til tilgjengelighet, og er mest mulig helsefremmende og driftssikkert?

I tråd med det offentliges etterspørsel etter bedre fallunderlag, skal en førkommersiell anskaffelse få fram flere mulige produkter, hvor det i dag er for få tilgjengelige (og kommersielt attraktive) alternativer.

DIP-Design Pilot

Lipit - multifunksjonell sensor styrt fra munn

Tildelt: kr 0,43 mill.

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DIP-Design Pilot

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