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The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

Sjøisen i Arktis har minket drastisk de siste tiårene, og Polhavet forventes å være isfritt om sommeren mot slutten av århundret. Denne nedgangen har utsatt store havområder for vind, noe som har resultert i at det oftere dannes store bølger i Polhavet. Disse bølgene kan forplante seg over flere titalls til hundrevis av kilometer i sjøisen, knekke den og akselerere smeltingen. Disse fysiske prosessene – bølger som knekker sjøis og effekten dette har på sjøissmelting og vekst – mangler i modellene vi bruker for å forutsi klimautviklingen. Dette bidrar til store usikkerheter i klimamodeller. Effekten av bølger på sjøisen er heller ikke tatt med i prognoser for havets og sjøisens forhold, som brukes av skip som opererer i islagte farvann. I ForWArd ønsker vi å vurdere bølgenes innvirkning på sjøisens utvikling i det stadig røffere Polhavet. I dette arbeidet brukes en svært avansert modell som inkluderer sjøis, hav, bølger og deres interaksjoner. Vi skal først vurdere hvor godt den representerer forholdene i Polhavet sammenlignet med de få tilgjengelige observasjonene. Vi vil så bruke modellen til å undersøke hvordan bølgehøyden og arealet av ødelagt sjøis har utviklet seg de siste tre tiårene. Deretter vil vi kombinere modellen vår med forholdene i det fremtidige Polhavet gitt av klimafremskrivninger, for å undersøke hvordan betydningen av interaksjoner mellom bølger og is vil utvikle seg ettersom sjøis avtar i det 21. århundre. Vår modells estimering av "bølgepåvirkningen" vil tillate polarvitenskapsmiljøet å vurdere hvor usikre deres klimaspådommer uten bølger er. Til syvende og sist vil våre modellresultater og utviklinger legge grunnlaget for å legge til bølgeeffekter i hav- og sjøisvarsler i Arktis. Dette vil gjøre varslene mer nøyaktige og bidra til sikkerheten for menneskelig aktivitet i denne regionen.

Arctic sea ice decline under climate change has allowed waves to form and grow more easily in the Arctic Ocean. These waves propagate into the sea ice over tens to hundreds of kilometres, fragmenting it into small floes. This area of broken ice, known as the Marginal Ice Zone (MIZ), is a highly complex region where many interactions occur between the ocean, sea ice, and atmosphere. The action of waves strongly affects these interactions, with rapid feedbacks on the sea ice. However, climate models do not account for these wave-ice interaction processes, which likely contributes to the strong biases in their estimation of modelled sea ice extent and volume and their inability to capture short-term sea ice extent variability. Given the lack of observations available, numerical models remain the best way to estimate how wave-ice interaction processes can impact Arctic sea ice, but most wave-ice coupled models are still prototypes. In ForWArd, we will use one of the most advanced of these models to assess this impact in the context of climate change. To this aim, we will use the latest observations to calibrate the modelled wave-affected area and produce a 30-year-long hindcast of the MIZ extent evolution to analyse how it responded to larger wave height, delayed refreezing, and thinner ice. Then, we will assess the relative importance of the wave-ice interactions suspected to affect sea ice in the MIZ using well-documented events. Finally, we will estimate how waves will contribute to sea ice extent and volume variability in the coming decades, as large areas of open water will remain open until late in the autumn. The flexibility of our setup will allow us to test the sensitivity of our results to model resolution and assumptions, giving invaluable insights into the biases induced by misrepresenting wave-ice interactions. ForWArd will also pave the way for the integration of wave effects in sea ice forecasts, a requirement for safer operations in ice-infested waters.

Forecasting Wave impact as Arctic sea ice declines

Sustainable cultivation of polychaetes as feed in aquaculture

Global oppvarming fører til store endringer i Antarktis; isbreene, is bremmene og havisen smelter; det påvirker havstrømmer og dynamikk i Sørishavet som igjen påvirker de marine økosystemene og deres evne til å absorbere den økte atmosfærisk CO2 som er et resultat av menneskelig aktivitet. Sørishavet er har rike økosystemer hvor planteplankton og isalger effektivt lagrer CO2 gjennom fotosyntese. De nåværende og fremtidige endringene i den fysiske dynamikken i Sørishavet vil spille en stor rolle for fremtiden til marine økosystemer her og dermed evnen til å absorbere CO2.

Dette prosjektet har som mål å etablere et observatorium for biologisk mangfold og økosystemendring for det østlige Weddellhavet / Kong Haakon VII-havet. I denne regionen har det vært begrensede effekter av klimaendringer, men det er nå økende bevis økte miljøforvandling med betydelig innvirkning på biologisk mangfold og funksjonen til økosystemene. Det er begrenset data om økosystemet i dette området. Ved å etablere systematisk overvåkning av økosystemet, vil dagens status for økosystemet og det biologiste mangfoldet sammenlignes med antatte framtidige endringer. Dette vil bidra til å oppnå internasjonale mål for bevaring av marint biologisk mangfold og demping av klimaendringer.

This Biodiversa+ project aims to lay the foundation of a transnational Weddell Sea Observatory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Change (WOBEC) for the Eastern Weddell Sea / King Haakon VII Sea (EWS) in the Southern Ocean. The Weddell Sea plays a key role for global ecosystem services, such as climate regulation and food provision, and hosts many species with conservation status. Acknowledging this unique ecological value, the EU and other members of the Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) are working towards a Marine Protected Area in the Weddell Sea (WSMPA). In the EWS, there is increasing evidence of a transition from a period of relatively muted climate change into an era of environmental transformation with significant impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem services. Until present, however, the ecosystem of the EWS has remained notoriously under-studied. By laying the foundations of systematic ecosystem monitoring in the EWS, WOBEC will provide a baseline of the present state of biodiversity and ecosystems against which change can be measured and contribute to a number of transnational goals in marine biodiversity conservation and climate change mitigation, including the UN Sustainable Development Goals, the EU Biodiversity Strategy for 2030, and the post-global biodiversity framework.

Weddell Sea Observatory of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Change

BioBoost+-prosjektet vil fremme kostnadseffektiv høyfrekvent prøvetaking og identifikasjon av marine planter og dyr ved å bruke Artificial Intelligence (AI)-teknologi på fotografier og video. Disse metodene vil bli brukt på habitater (sjøgressenger, skalldyrsenger og makroalgekroner), indikatorarter av økologisk og økonomisk betydning (f.eks. fisk, hummer, strandfugl), invasive arter og plankton (grunnlaget for næringsnettet). Ved Nord universitet vil fokus være på automatisering av analyser av dyreplanktonprøver samlet inn årlig i over 40 år, og nyere etablert overvåking av havbunnsfauna og fisk på livestream undersjøisk video i Saltfjord.

Disse dataene er nødvendige for å gi rettidig informasjon om helsen til økosystemene og endringer i biologisk mangfold i sammenheng med fiskeri, klimaendringer og invasive arter. Dette prosjektet i europeisk målestokk involverer åtte organisasjoner og har studiesteder i Middelhavet, Nord- og Norskehavet, inkludert steder med aktiv habitatrestaurering og marine verneområder. De forbedrede metodene vil akselerere tilgjengeligheten av informasjonen for forskere, myndigheter og innbyggere.

BioBoost+ is designed to improve non-invasive, cost-effective, and high-frequency sampling and identification of marine plants and animals by applying state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology with digital imagery including real-time monitoring via camera networks and involvement of citizen science groups. These methods are applied to a wide range of taxa, from habitat-forming species (seagrass meadows, shellfish beds, and macroalgal canopies), indicator species of ecological and economic importance (e.g., coastal fish, lobsters, shorebirds), invasive species, and understudied groups (from microscopic, free-floating animals to rare fish). BioBoost+ enhances biodiversity monitoring within European regional seas from the Mediterranean, North and Norwegian Seas to support ongoing conservation interventions such as active habitat restoration projects and Marine Protected Areas (MPAs). Improved biodiversity monitoring will allow a better understanding of large-scale phenomena, such as thresholds, regime shifts and species invasions in vulnerable ecosystems, improve the capacity to predict the impacts of multiple stressors, and to develop better indicators of marine ecosystem health.

Boosting the Frequency and Scale of Marine Biodiversity Monitoring Using Digital Imagery and Artificial Intelligence

I Norge har det vært en økende trend til å benytte regnbueørret (Oncorhynchus mykiss) i oppdrett på grunn av dens raske vekst og toleranse for et bredt spekter av miljøforhold. I dag utgjør regnbueørret 5 % av den årlige produksjon av laksefisk i Norge. Produksjonen har økt med 14 % det siste tiåret, dvs. fra 14453 til 85233 tonn, noe som gjør regnbueørret til den nest mest produserte arten etter atlantisk laks. Til tross for den store interessen er oppdrett av regnbueørret begrenset på grunn av ulike produksjonsutfordringer. Næringen er bl.a avhengig av sesongbasert rognproduksjon. En utfordring er redusert tilgang på rogn i perioden fra juni til oktober, hvilket resulterer i en 5-måneders periode uten tilgang på stor settefisk, fra mars til juni året etter. Videre er forståelsen av hvordan ulike miljøfaktorer initierer og påvirker utviklingen av sjøvannstoleranse dårlig dokumentert. Bl.a. er overføring til sjøvann basert på kroppsstørrelse i stedet for osmoregulatorisk kapasitet. Av den grunn kan settefisken møte ulike helse og velferds utfordringer etter overføring til sjøvann, noe som kan forklare økende dødelighet (rundt 10 %) og høy forekomst av taper fisk (rundt 10 %) i sjøanleggene. Denne utfordringen påfører oppdrettere betydelige økonomiske tap og representerer et velferdsproblem.
I Sande-prosjektet har vi som mål å utvikle nye produksjonsprotokoller for regnbueørret, fra rogn til stor settefisk, basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme og vannkvalitet. En kritisk faktor i prosjektet vil være testing og validering av nye oppdrettsprosedyrer for å kontrollere fiskevekst og utviklingshastighet for å forlenge eller forkorte smoltproduksjonsperioden og tidspunkt for utsetting til sjø. I tillegg vil vi utvikle nye verktøy og analyser for å vurdere smoltkvalitet og tidspunkt for smoltvindu. Denne kunnskapen vil utgjøre en ny biologisk protokoll som tar sikte på å forbedre produksjonen av settefisk av regnbueørret, og som kan leveres til sjøanlegg hele året.

Idéen bak dette prosjektet er å utvikle en sesong uavhengig protokoll (Best Management Practice, BMP) for regnbueørret, fra befruktet rogn til leveringsklar smolt (settefisk), basert på optimalisert temperatur, lysrytme kontroll og styrt vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå), herunder kartlegge konsekvenser på fiskens ytelse, fysiologi, helse og produksjonstid. 
Prosjektet vil innbefatte tre feltforsøk som gjennomføres hos Sande Settefisk. I første forsøk vil effekt av temperatur på tilvekst, helse og kvalitetsutvikling hos regnbueørret i RAS bli kartlagt. Ett sentralt spørsmål vil være; Hvor mye kan vi endre produksjonstiden til ørret i settefiskfasen i vekstintervallet 20 til 400 gr gitt at snitt-temperaturen endres fra 12 til 8?C.  Dette spørsmålet er viktig da en forsinkelse kan benyttes til å dekke perioder hvor oppdretter står uten settefisk som følge av underskudd på egg om våren. Videre vil vi kartlegge hva som er optimalt lysregime under styrt smoltutvikling, herunder gir best smoltkvalitet. Avslutningsvis vil vi undersøke sammenheng mellom variasjon i vannkvalitet (CO2 nivå) på velferd, tilvekst, helse og kvalitet hos regnbueørret. En viktig del av utviklingsarbeidet vil være teste og validere en nyutviklet analyse for vurdering av smoltkvalitet hos regnbueørret (1. Innovasjon). Basert på positive funn og en integrert tolkning av samspillet mellom biologi, drift og vannmiljø, vil vi foreslå analysemetoder og strategier som bedrer fiskens kvalitet og tilvekstpotensial. Kunnskapen vil sammenfattes i en ny biologisk protokoll (BMP, 2. Innovasjon) for optimal sesonguavhengig produksjon av høykvalitets regnbueørret.  I sum vil prosjektet bidra til å sikre en jevn tilgang på settefisk som kan overføres til sjø hele året, og derav styrke oppdrett av regnbueørret i ett bærekraftig fremtidsrettet perspektiv.

Sesonguavhengig produksjon av regnbueørret

Maritim- og offshoreindustrien har etterlyst en mer strukturert metode, som utnytter dagens teknologiske potensial, for å registrere og få tilgang til informasjon om fartøyets skrogtilstand. Utviklingen av en digital tvilling for vurdering av fartøyets skrogtilstand er et svar på dette som har flere fordeler.

Tidligere forskningsresultater har vist at droner tillater trygge,  automatiserte og fleksible fjerninspeksjoner. For å gi droneinspeksjoner en ekstra fordel, bør teknologi for å utføre droneinspeksjon mens fartøyet seiler, og muligheten til å automatisk gjøre tykkelsesmålinger, utvikles. Registrering av inspeksjonsdata fra droner til en digital tvilling er et naturlig neste steg. Gitt tilstrekkelig kvalitet på drone-innsamlede data, i tillegg til effektiv registrering av menneskelig innsamlede data, kan både menneskelige og dronebaserte inspeksjoner gi data til en digital tvilling og komplementere hverandre. Dette kan muliggjøre en mer effektiv overvåkning av skrogtilstand og redusere antall ganger mennesker utsettes for farene ved inspeksjon av trange/innestengte rom.

Ved å samle inn relevante skrogdata er det et potensial for å utnytte historisk informasjon fra en mengde fartøyer til å lage en statistisk modell for å forutsi skrogtilstanden. Dette kan tillate estimering av skrogets tilstand basert på operasjonelle forhold et fartøy har vært utsatt for. I kombinasjon med konstruksjonsmodeller kan dette også brukes til å automatisk lage skroginspeksjonsplaner som prioriterer områder med økt risiko for å ha feil.

Prosjektet ledes av DNV, et ledende klassifikasjonsselskap, i samarbeid med rederiene Altera Infrastructure og Klaveness, som er henholdsvis oljetanker- og lasteskipsoperatører i dette prosjektet, ScoutDI, en inspeksjonsdrone-leverandør, og NTNU gjennom Autonomous Robots Lab ved avdeling for kybernetikk.

The project will develop the concept of a digital twin of the hull condition for assessing the structural integrity and compliance of the physical hull. The digital twin is kept up to date with the physical hull over its lifetime by frequently collecting large amounts of data, in non-intrusive ways that do not interrupt business operations. This enables continuous monitoring and compliance assessment. Autonomous drones collect the data instead of humans to improve personnel safety. Automated damage detection and coating breakdown assessment assists the human expert, leading to improved quality of the structural integrity assessment. The project will enable digital twin-based surveys as industrial standard and realize economic and safety benefits as well as reducing environmental footprint due to reduced need for travels. 

The innovation will lead to improved quality and safety of vessel inspection services, in particular: 
1. Hull condition assessment and continuous compliance decision in a 3D digital twin, a multi-data digital representation of the physical hull based on data such as high-precision point clouds, videos, AIS and weather data. The digital twin also holds location-tagged thickness measurements, history of damages and repairs, and data of sister vessels. 
2. High coverage, high-quality, location-tagged data of the hull compartment, collected frequently by autonomous/automated drones with semantic knowledge of the physical structure. Automated data collection ensures standardized data which improves comparison with historical data. Drone-based collection during sailing or between discharge and loading of cargo causes minimal interruption of business operations. 
3. Automated damage detection in point clouds and videos, automated damage probability predictions based on data in the digital twin, and an automatically generated targeted inspection plan for the drones as well when physical inspections are deemed necessary.

Assessment of ship hull Integrity based on a Digital Twin

Trådløs kommunikasjonsrevolusjon i maritim industri

Scandinavian Reach Technologies leder et banebrytende prosjekt for trådløs kommunikasjon i stålkonstruksjoner, som skip. ScanReach fokuserer på å forbedre sitt produkt for trådløs tilkobling om bord (OWC) for å møte de økende kravene fra den maritime industrien, offshore og havvindindustrien, som raskt går over til digitale og IoT-baserte operasjoner for forbedret effektivitet, sikkerhet og motstandsdyktighet.

Innovativ teknologi: Teknologien er designet for å muliggjøre trådløs kommunikasjon i stål-dominerte miljøer, en kjent utfordring i den maritime sektoren. Denne teknologien baserer seg på lavenergi-radio meshnettverksnoder som muilggjør trådløs datatransport gjennom skip, og baner vei for diverse IoT-applikasjoner som sporing av personell og eiendeler, og integrering av miljøsensorer. Med en industri som beveger seg mot digitale tvillinger, maskinlæring og overvåking av energiforbruk i sanntid, utvikler selskapet neste generasjon av avanserte kommunikasjonsnoder. Disse nodene er ment å håndtere større mengder trådløse data, noe som gjør dem passende for de høyteknologiske kravene til moderne skipsfart.

Fordeler over tradisjonelle systemer: Denne innovasjonen skiller seg ut fra tradisjonelle trådløse løsninger som ofte sliter i tette stålrike skipmiljøer og bruk av kabler. Den fjerner behovet for omfattende og kostbar kabling, noe som fører til en forenklet infrastruktur, enklere installasjon og lavere vedlikeholdskostnader.

Fokus på forskning og utvikling: F&U-arbeidet er fokusert på å utvikle et effektivt og pålitelig trådløst system for maritime industrier. Dette inkluderer å identifisere brukbare frekvenser og protokoller for robust kommunikasjon i ståltunge miljøer, og designe kompakt, energieffektivt utstyr. Prosjektet innebærer en kombinasjon av litteraturgjennomgang, datamodellering, eksperimentell prototyping og felttesting.

This project strives to advance wireless communication in large steel structures, such as ships, improving our existing Onboard Wireless Connectivity (OWC) product. This enhancement will bolster Scandinavian Reach Technologies AS market presence and relevance in the competitive shipping industry. The primary need for this innovation arises from the maritime, offshore, and sea wind industries. These industries are transitioning towards digital and IoT-based operational models for efficiency, safety, and resilience. 

Scandinavian Reach Technologies is at the forefront of addressing this need. Its revolutionary technology enables efficient wireless communication within confined steel environments. It eliminates the need for costly and complex cabling based on an innovative, low-power radio mesh networking node that allows wireless data transport to the gateway/edge computer throughout the mesh network. This technology paves the way for various IoT applications, such as tracking personnel and assets, collecting environmental sensor readings, and integrating other third-party sensors.
 
While the company's current mesh nodes are designed for simple sensor data and limited data volumes, the emerging ambitions for Digital Twins, Machine Learning models, and Real-time Energy Consumption monitoring in the industry have created a demand for high-volume wireless data transport to an internet endpoint. To meet this demand, Scandinavian Reach Technologies AS is dedicated to developing next-generation communication nodes capable of handling large amounts of wireless data in complex steel environments to replace signal cabling entirely.

SteelWave High Volume Wireless Communication Platform for Steel Environments (HWC-SE)

GeoPON-prosjektet tar sikte på å utvikle en 100 % sirkulær pongtong, fri for EPS, ved bruk av en skreddersydd geopolymer betong, og å dokumentere virkningene på ytelse og bærekraft. I tillegg, og for å redusere den totale tettheten til pongtongen, vil prosjektet også se på å erstatte de naturlige tilslagene i betongskallet med et sirkulært lett tilslag med lavt eller nøytralt karbonavtrykk, laget av avgang fra gruveindustrien og resirkulerte materialer fra industrien, . Som sådan vil innovasjonen føre til design av et nytt produkt, 100 % sirkulært og med lavere karbonavtrykk enn tradisjonell betong. For å passe til pongtong-spesifikasjonene, må produksjonsprosessen av det geopolymer baserte bindemiddelet og tilslagene optimaliseres og tilpasses.: Det  geopolymer baserte bindemiddelet er et semikrystallinsk amorft materiale, som dannes gjennom polymerisasjonsreaksjonen mellom en aluminosilikat kilde og en alkalisk reagens. Det er et sementfritt bindemiddel, med ultralavt karbonavtrykk, som også tillater CO2-binding. Tilslagene som produseres i prosjektet er satt sammen av et bindemiddel, et tilslagsmateriale samt ulike ytelsesbaserte tilsetningsstoffer, granulert og sintret ved høy temperatur, en prosess som gjør det mulig å skreddersy tilslagsegenskapene til brukerens behov, og for å kunne utnytte den produserte geopolymer baserte betongen som råmateriale ved produksjon av tilsvarende tilslag på slutten av levetiden. For å muliggjøre integrering av den sirkulære geopolymerbetongen som er utviklet i prosjektet til pongtongen, vil det etableres en helhetlig optimaliseringstilnærming i prosjektet, for å definere den beste utformingen av flytende strukturer basert på vurderingene av sirkulære betonger og kravet til de strukturelle ytelsene. Tilnærmingen vil inkludere design, bruk av fluidstrukturinteraksjonsmodellering, produksjon av pongtongen, produksjon av geopolymer og aggregater, og vurdering av miljømessige/økonomiske hensyn.

The main objective of the project is the development of 100% circular pontoon free of EPS using tailored geopolymer concretes and demonstrate the impacts on performance and sustainability. In addition, and for decreasing the overall density of the pontoon, the project will also look at substituting the natural aggregates in concrete shell by high performance recycled particles obtained from industrial wastes. As such, the innovation will lead to the design of a new product, 100% circular, manufactured and commercialised by Helmar. The production process of the foamed geopolymer concrete and the aggregates must also be optimised and tailored to fit for the pontoon specifications, leading to a new production process for Rockpore, and new waste recycle chain for Rana Gruber.
Helmar anticipates that the use of EPS might be prohibited in the future due to new regulations and is looking for alternatives.  The Rockpore solution appears very appealing as a substitute for EPS: The Rockpore concept is a type of low-density geopolymer-concrete, 100% circular, using recycled Light Weight Aggregates and cement free binders. The properties of the TBG can be modified to fit end user needs, which enables market penetration in markets outside the construction sector. The present project aims at utilising and adapting the Rockpore TBG together with a unique cement free, ultra-low carbon footprint binder as a substitute to traditional EPS block in the pontoons. In addition, a new aggregate type will be developed, as a substitute to the natural aggregates used in the shell concrete. To enable the integration of the circular geopolymer concrete developed in the project to the pontoon, a holistic optimization method will be established to define the best design of floating structure based on the assessments of circular concretes and the requirement on the structural performances, and will include design, manufacturing and assessment of environmental/economic considerations.

Development of a fully circular pontoon design by substituting EPS with a foamed carbon sequestrated geopolymer-concrete

Akvatiske sopp (AS) er en betydelig del av biologisk mangfold i ferskvanns og marine økosystemer. De er avgjørende komponenter i akvatiske økosystemer og har viktige økosystemfunksjoner som nedbrytere av dødt organisk materiale, mutualistiske symbionter, parasitter og patogener som kontrollerer dyre- og plantepopulasjoner. AS påvirker syklusen av karbon og næringsstoffer og fungerer som en ernæringskilde for høyere trofiske nivåer i næringsnettet. Til tross for deres betydning for akvatisk biologisk mangfold, økosystemfunksjoner og tjenester, og overlegent potensiale for biovurdering av vannmiljøer, mangler vi for tiden nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer for AS. Vi har betydelige kunnskapshull om taksonomisk og funksjonelt biologisk mangfold og distribusjon av AS, samt deres følsomhet for endringer i klima- og arealbruk. Dette er spesielt kritisk for truede økosystemer som isbreer og elvemunninger som er under rask endring på grunn av menneskeskapte klimaendringer og tilstedeværelsen av andre menneskeskapte stressfaktorer som forurensninger. Med bruk av moderne DNA-sekvenseringsmetoder, arkivprøver fra nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer og satellittbilder kan vi nå adressere kunnskapshull i AS-mangfold og distribusjon, bane vei for at AS kan inkluderes i store nasjonale overvåkingsprogrammer og forutsi responsen fra AS til endringer i klima- og arealbruks ved hjelp av modellering. NorMoSTFun bidrar til disse målene som en del av det multinasjonale prosjektet MoSTFun (Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal Biodiversity) som er finansiert av Biodiversa+-programmet.

Aquatic fungi (AF) are a significant part the of biodiversity in freshwater and marine ecosystems. They are crucial components of aquatic ecosystems and have important ecosystem functions as decomposers, parasites and pathogens that control animal and plant populations and affect carbon and nutrient cycling. They also function as a source of nutrition for higher trophic levels. Despite their importance for aquatic biodiversity, ecosystem functions and services, and superior potential for bioassessment of aquatic environments, we currently lack national monitoring programs for AF. We have substantial knowledge gaps on taxonomic and functional biodiversity and distribution of AF, as well as their sensitivity for climate and land-use changes. This is especially critical for threatened ecosystems such as glaciers and estuaries that are under rapid change due to human-caused climate change and the presence of other anthropogenic stressors such as pollutants. With the use of modern -omics methods, archival samples from national monitoring programs and earth observation technologies we can now address knowledge gaps in AF diversity and distribution, pave the way for AF to be included in large-scale national monitoring programs and predict the response of AF to climate and land-use changes using modelling. NorMoSTFun is contributing to these aims as part of the multinational MoSTFun (Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal Biodiversity) project that is funded by the Biodiversa+ program.

NorMoSTFun: Monitoring Strategies and Tools to address knowledge gaps on aquatic Fungal biodiversity in Norway

Midlene fra GRØNNPLATTFORM-Grønn plattform fordelt på år

Midlene fra GRØNNPLATTFORM-Grønn plattform fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra GRØNNPLATTFORM-Grønn plattform fordelt på fagområde

Forsker

Fiskeslam har vist seg som et utmerket gjødselprodukt med særlig stor verdi som fosforgjødsel men også som nitrogengjødsel, forholdet mellom dem er skjevt i forhold til plantenes behov. I dag blir den ikke optimalt utnyttet. N2Applied har utviklet en teknologi for behandling av bl.a. husdyrgjødsel som tilfører nitrogen og dessuten reduserer ammoniakk- og drivhusgassutslipp og lukt. Denne teknologien vil bli utviklet for fiskeslam eller biorest a fiskeslam, og produktene vil bli sammenlignet med dagens produkter av fiskeslam. Både agronomiske og miljømessige effekter vil bli vurdert.

Nitrogenanriket fiskegjødsel

The project consists of 7 interrelated work packages:
WP1 Preliminaries and development planning
WP2 Recovery process for quartz
WP3 Sustainable silicon production
WP4 System validation
WP5 Environment and project collaborations
WP6 Communication, dissemination and exploitation
WP7 Project management and scientific coordination

In WP1 relevant European secondary raw materials resources will be mapped out. Overall design of experimental work and interdependencies between between WPs will be worked out. 

WP2 will develop technologies for quartz recovery from quarry sands, based on better separation for refinement and extraction, using improved flotation and other technologies and more efficient foundry refinement with lower consumption. Increased recovery and improved grade of quartz will be targeted, with reduced usage of chemical reagents by 50%. WP3 will study both the carbothermic (SAF) and the aluminothermic (SisAl) processes for making silicon by the quarry-sand based quartz from WP2. Resource flexibility in silicon production will be studied, and process flowsheets will be selected for demonstration in WP4. In WP4 pilots will be constructed and operated. 

Environmental considerations and benchmarking versus existing processes will be carried out in WP5. WP6 will deal with communication and dissemination activities, where also the exploitation strategy will be developed, as well as concrete business plans for the most promising innovations.

Quarts Enrichment Enabling Net-Zero Silicon Production

The primary and secondary objectives are broken down into specific tasks aiming to:
Implement smart PV module  concept with integrated Strength MLPE and extended in-module sensing capabilities for improved PV plant performance and decision-making process in O&M.
Implement drone-based high spatiotemporal granularity and diagnostic resolution imagery solution coupled with smart PV module monitoring-diagnostic features.
Implement smart control system for PV plants with tracking integrated with real time weather monitoring data.
Develop DT based database including multi-sensory operational, thermal, mechanical and environmental  data with wide publicly available datasets for decision making process on PV plant planning and operation.
Introduce edge AI  for monitoring and yield forecasting and modelling of the entire electricity system including storage supporting plant O&M and automated and predictive PV asset management.
Demonstrate smart PV module with extended monitoring and smart control features integrated with edge AI in different climates and applications including user behaviour.
Evaluate impact of the proposed enhanced digitalisation of PV plant performance in terms of costs/benefits/profitability and increase of PV system reliability, security and flexibility under various topology and operating conditions. 
Disseminate  project achievements to enable further increase of utility-friendly integration of PV generation into the European energy system at high-penetration levels empowered by high digitalisation of PV plant operation.

The project consists of seven interrelated work packages:
WP1 Management
WP2 In-module sensing & MLPE (ProTech)
WP3 PV plant level O&M tools (IREC)
WP4 Data integration & Edge AI (SINTEF)
WP5 DemoSites and Data Gathering (AYESA)
WP6 Specifications (BNW-Energy)
WP7 Dissemination and Exploitation (WIP).

Superior solar photovoltaic systems for enhanced performance

Project STUART is aiming at development and testing in living lab environment with consecutive demonstration in real environment cost-effective low-carbon technologies-based solution to manage energy within existing buildings improving performance of legacy equipment available in the building taking into account user preferences and requests. Th project is focusing on solution focused onto Nordic countries, because of the region specifics requiring special approach due to cold climate conditions. Applicability of the provided technological solution for the moderate and hot climate will be evaluated in terms of modelling of business cases covering energy performance as well as cost effectiveness of technologies required. 
In the centre of the proposal is novel smart energy management system STUART able to accommodate wide range of domestic appliances and building energy systems and on the other hand able to interact with the grid providing flexibility and efficiency by managing generation consumption and storage available in the building. 

STUART solution is targeted at existing buildings energy system cost effective upgrade taking into account main residential buildings typologies - namely single and multifamily buildings – by utilising high level of automation based on self-learning algorithms and improving this way building users comfort and increasing their satisfaction. 

Project impact will be measured by a set of KPIs related to the smart readiness indicator according revised EPBD.

Smart energy-Transition by User-driven Access to Renewable Technologies in existing buildings

PV IMPACT-prosjektet ble etablert for å styrke effekten av Horizon 2020-prosjektet SUPER PV i Norge. Progresjon for perioden 01.10.2021-31.12.2021 er beskrevet nedenfor (nummerering av aktiviteter / milepæler er den samme som i prosjektbeskrivelsen). 

6) Artikkel 2 i nasjonale media.
Innlegget "Fremtiden er fornybar, og grønn" ble sendt inn til publisering i norske media desember 2021. Se også beskrivelse i "Results report".

7) Sluttrapport.
Obligatorisk sluttrapport er lastet opp som et separat vedlegg.

SUPER PV is a 4-year Horizon 2020 project started in 2018 by 26 partners. The timing of SUPER PV has shown to be perfect, as key issues addressed in the project are of the most trending topics in the solar PV community in 2019, ranging from digitalisation of the PV sector and big data analytics, through the introduction of bifacial solar modules, to new approaches for recycling of solar modules. The EU grant for SUPER PV is 9 907 793 EUR, while BNW and SINTEF have a grant of 1 079 410,5 EUR combined.

The key is to maximise the impact of SUPER PV innovations, relevant for a Norwegian setting. Hence, the present project, PV IMPACT, will focus on dissemination and communication through dedicated workshops, involving industry, NGO's, policy-makers and the research community. We aim for two workshops where key experts from the EU project will give presentations on the selected topics. To ensure good communication, we will also invite external experts, including policymakers, to present their perspectives and outlook.The SUPER PV demo-site infrastructure equipped with advanced monitoring and big data analytics systems currently under construction in Trondheim, Oslo and five sites abroad, will be presented to the Norwegian solar community as a basis for exploring new collaborative PV related activities. The workshops will include panel debates, and we will promote binary follow-up with interested parties.  Recommendations from workshops will be communicated in national media, e.g. Aftenposten / Dagens Næringsliv.

To strengthen the involvement of Norwegian actors in the EU project, we will invite one key Norwegian company to take part in the EU project's Advisory Board; a perfect place to observe and influence the direction of SUPER PV for the remaining 2 1/2 years of its duration.

We will give a presentation at EUPVSEC 2021 on Solar PV activities and solar power potential in Norway.

Finally, a public report will sum up the recommendations from the project.

Added value from Horizon 2020 project SUPER PV - PV IMPACT

Solar PV is already the cheapest form of electricity generation in many countries and markets. Even so, PV systems must become ever cheaper, until finally new PV + energy storage undercuts existing fossil fuel operating costs. Hence, there is still a strong drive for solar PV cost reductions, as the time for reaching the Paris Agreement is running out.
Implementing Variable Renewable Energy (VRE) in large scale impacts the integrity, reliability, security and stability of the power grid, and measures must be taken to ensure grid stability and utility-friendly integration of PV generation at high penetration levels.
A third crucial factor must also be accounted for; a better understanding of the specific socio-economic contexts in which the energy transition towards higher penetration of VRE takes place. A narrow focus on LCOE and reduced CO2 emissions will not suffice - currently exemplified by the sudden and huge resistance in the public to land-based wind power in pristine mountain areas in Norway.
This project aims to deliver forcefully on all three challenges identified above, with a consortium consisting of key European actors both from the demand side - such as E.ON, Germany’s largest grid operator - and the supply side - such as Statkraft, Europe’s largest producer of renewable electric power - and a strong suite of companies completing the supply chain from solar module manufacturing - SoliTek, one of Europe’s few remaining solar module manufacturers - to developers and operators of solar PV plants; Ayesa, Masen, Mascir and Ocean Sun, assisted by specialist SME’s Protech & BNW Energy, and supported by leading European research organisations SINTEF, IREC, RWTH Aachen and ISC Konstanz.
The project consists of 9 industry-driven work packages:
1 Coordination
2 Specifications
3 Components
4 PV plant operation - monitoring and integrated data analytics
5 Utility-friendly PV integration
6 Business models
7 Demonstration
8 Socio-economic evaluation
9 Dissemination.

GRID PV - utility-friendly integration of Solar PV at high penetration levels

SisAl Pilot aims to demonstrate a patented novel industrial process to produce the Critical Raw Material (CRM) Silicon (Si) in different qualities; Metallurgical Grade Silicon (MG-Si), pure silicon (99.99 %) and Al-Si alloys, by shifting from today’s carbothermic Submerged Arc Furnace (SAF) process to aluminothermic reduction of quartz in a calcium silicate slag, producing metal/alloy and a CaO-Al2O3 slag, which is hydrometallurgically treated to produce alumina (Al2O3) and calcia (CaO). The alumina may be used as raw material in the Al electrolysis process or in other high value applications. The CaO is recycled into the making of the CaO-SiO2 slag, which is used in the reduction process. Compared with the present SAF process to produce (MG-Si), SisAl will give substantial reductions in material yield losses, enhanced valorisation of waste- and by-product streams, at a 2/3 lower energy consumption and radically lower emissions of CO2 and harmful pollutants - at a significantly lower cost. The SisAl process is a step towards more circular production compared with the current one-dimensional silicon and aluminium supply chains and enjoys the advantage of high flexibility concerning both raw materials and products, to be demonstrated in the project. For example, fine quartz can be used as opposed to lumps - enabling the utilization of low-cost raw materials that are unsuitable for traditional Si production. SisAl Pilot will bring together raw material providers, silicon- and aluminium producers/processors with SME´s/consultants/equipment manufacturers and research organizations to demonstrate the advantages of the process in four pilots, located in four European countries (Norway, Germany, Spain and Greece). The pilots will be accompanied by environmental, economic and technological benchmarking.

SisAl Pilot: High purity Silicon and Alumina production with low environmental impact using secondary aluminium and silicon product streams

The EU project is proposing disruptive innovation in PV manufacturing, by a novel integrated value chain approach for adoption of next generation technologies (Perovskite and CIGS) by established mainstream power PV technologies (Si based). Proposed approach is delivering solution for establishing long term competitive manufacturing in EU by
•	fast and low cost uptake of new technology developments in PV research in beneficial way for new and established PV technologies,
•	Utilizing best solutions and highest performances for different PV materials without the need to compromise quality for material compatibility
•	Establishing ecosystem for cross beneficial growth of all PV manufacturing players independently on technology starting from innovative spin-off's and up to established producers. 

The EU project is proposing effective ways for fast and large scale uptake of novel PV production, addressing three mainstream PV technologies and creating conditions for EU PV manufacturing leadership restoration, by: 
•	Establishing pilot lines of innovative production processes on which number of innovations for separate PV technologies will be tested in real manufacturing environment.
•	A novel solution for cost-effective tandem modules manufacturing integrating manufacturing process through Industry4 approach and utilizing novel Power Electronics.

Establishing global LEADERship of EU PV industry through new generation of innovative products for GW scale manufacturing

To achieve ground-breaking impact on BIPV cost reduction, the H2020 project concept is tackling holistically the following three cornerstone steps impacting BIPV market penetration: 
1. Novel solutions for BIPV products design: Cost reduction on the BIPV module level can be achieved by i) innovations transferring to PV module building related functions such as mechanical rigidity and structural integrity, primary weather impact protection or insulation and this way gaining savings by eliminating part of construction materials costs. ii). Innovations on PV module level meeting building standards in cost efficient way.
2. Transfer to automated large scale production: Today use of digital platforms (such as BIM) during building construction process is the most efficient way for cost reduction, hence the project is proposing an approach for integration of the PV manufacturing process into the BIM-based building construction process. In parallel, flexibility of PV lines involved will be addressed to ensure possibility to adapt in cost efficient way to the building designer’s needs. 
3. Solutions for building efficient integration: For this step, the project is proposing twofold innovations: i) Plug&Play PV system integration into energy system simplifying installation process and ii) Innovations for power electronics for efficient integration with building energy management system. The project is focusing on module level power electronics (MLPE) and is ensuring significantly higher power output on the system level by ability to ensure performance monitoring and data collection on string level and long term stability of operation independently of geographical and operation conditions. Functionalities of MLPE are also extended to the building level functionalities ensuring safety and other functions.

Cost efficient BIPV products for nearly zero energy buildings

SisAl Pilot: Silicon production with low environmental impact using secondary aluminium and silicon product streams

Prosjektet vil bestå av planlegging og gjennomføring av reise til Amsterdam for deltagelse i EU PVSEC 2017, som arrangeres 25-29. september.  Under PVSEC-konferansen arrangeres en Brokerage Event, Solar Match, spesielt tilpasset forskningsinstitusjoner, universiteter og SMB'er som er aktive innen solenergi. I forkant av konferansen vil vi melde oss på dette arrangementet med beskrivelse av bedriften, vår teknologi og interesseområder for samarbeid. Lenke til Brokerage Event (B2B Matchmaking): https://www.b2match.eu/pvsolarmatch2017.

Deltagelse ved EU PV Solar Energy Conference 2017

SUPER will target lower installation costs and higher performance, i.e. Performance Ratio (PR) throughout the lifetime.

The present call covers installation costs from module assembly to installed system, and as of today these costs represent more than 2/3 of the total installation costs for utility scale solar farms. SuPer will specifically work with lowering costs for module assembly. Moreover, costs for power electronics (inverters) and system configuration (electrical layout) will be targeted. Also, new innovative solutions related to light management and anti-soiling of solar modules will be developed.

In addition to installation costs, the present call is focused on performance throughout the lifetime of a solar facility. The Performance Ratio is the quotient of alternating current (AC) yield and the nominal yield of the generator's direct current (DC), and it is a globally accepted indicator to judge the performance of grid connected PV Plants. PR is affected by the solar module?s operating temperature, inverter efficiency, soiling (dust, snow), wiring losses and electrical mismatch between solar cells in a module (and between modules in an inverter string). SUPER will apply big data from real utility solar facilities (Scatec solar, Ayesa), to monitor and improve PR. 

SUPER aims to have demonstrators in different climates; hot desert,  salty and high humidity sea coast and cold climate.

Cost reduction of PV system with enhanced performance

Over the past decade, Europe has increased its focus on securing and recycling Critical Raw Materials (CRM), among these the Rare Earth Elements (REE) that are crucial in electronic and green energy technology applications. Towards this end, strategic research projects, aimed at developing technologies for extraction/recycling and partnerships to close the link between research and industry development have been funded in FP7 and throughout H2020. 

One of these projects - REEcover - was recently successfully finalized with a small-scale value-chain demonstration of technologies developed for REE recovery from both primary (apatite tailings) and secondary end-of-life Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) sources. 

REEcover Demo is a natural next step towards industrial implementation, in which partners from the REEcover consortium are teaming up with additional strategic partners; WEEE processors, magnet makers and -users, with the aim of bringing REEcover technologies in an extended scope into industrial demo scale. 

REEcover Demo will specifically target the REE's neodymium (Nd), praseodymium (Pr) and dysprosium (Dy), essential ingredients of high-strength magnets used in wind turbines and electric cars. Magnetic material from upgraded standard waste streams from WEEE recycling, as well as magnets selectively extracted from WEEE, sourced from different European countries, will be processed through a REEcover-developed oxide reduction route as well as through dissolution/dilution in a novel vacuum melting alloy-making process. The integrated process chain in REEcover Demo is schematically illustrated in Figure 1.

A successful outcome of REEcover Demo will contribute positively to Europe's circular economy ambitions, as well as securing the access to essential elements on Europe's CRM list.

Recovery of Rare Elements from magnetic waste in the WEE recycling industry

The project will demonstrate a CO2-free step-change production process for silicon metal and silicon - aluminium alloys at TRL 6-8. The recently patented production process applies  Al scrap and/or aluminum dross to metallothermically reduce quartz in liquid CaO-SiO2 slag, producing Si or an AlSi alloy and a CaO-Al2O3 slag, which is, in turn, hydrometallurgically treated to produce alumina (Al2O3) and calcia (CaO). The CaO is recycled into the making of the CaO-SiO2 slag which is used in the reduction process.

The main advantages of this new integrated process are the following:
- The process is CO2 free and has a lower specific energy consumption than the current SAF process. Depending on material input, different products may be produced
- The process reconstitutes waste material (currently landfilled) from the aluminum process to primary feed for the Al electrolysis process
- The process is very versatile in the use of raw materials; it can use quartz fines (currently landfilled) which is not possible in the current SAF Si production process, and the ratio of Al dross/scrap reductants can be varied and may be replaced with high purity Al to produce very high purity Si. 
- With the recirculation of CaO and Al2O3 materials, the only main consumable material in the present process is quartz. 
- The process does not generate NOx, dust or other harmful emissions and has a very high raw material yield.

The project will be organized in several work packages (WP) as shown below.
WP1: Raw materials
WP2: Pyrometallurgical treatment
W3: Reduction and refining
WP4: Hydrometallurgy
WP5: Electrolysis
WP6: Business concepts
WP7: Technical and environmental impact
WP8: Dissemination and clustering
WP9: Management

SisAl: CO2 free production of silicon using aluminium scrap and process waste

Utilizing high enthalpy geothermal fluid from the deep roots of hydrothermal systems is the frontier of geothermal utilization development. Higher temperature and lower specific volume at high pressure enable a significantly higher energy extraction rate from such a well which can lower the drilling cost of geothermal project substantially. The properties of fluid from this resource however requires materials and technology development for reliable utilization with acceptable thermodynamic efficiency. The LODE project will allow the consortium to work together to provide design solutions of a system that can endure the deep geothermal fluid and increase efficiency and longevity of surface equipment. Also, it will fill the most severe knowledge gap with regard to material performance and selection under the extreme conditions associated with this resource that will then be used to secure the integrity of the deep geothermal well and surface equipment.

High temperature, high pressure mechanically resistant alloys at competitive cost under realistic conditions will be developed and first tested in the laboratory, and thereafter at site. The work will also take into account the interaction of geothermal fluids and formation of scaling from different geological environments with standard and newly developed specific alloys and materials as technical system components of the energy utilization cycle. Power cycles, including steam mitigation appropriate for efficient utilization of this resource will also be developed.

Long Lasting Deep Geothermal Energy Utilization

ZEUS is organized into 7 Work Packages (WPs):

WP1 Ingot
WP2 Wafer
WP3 Cell
WP4 Module
WP5 Technology demonstration
WP6 Economic and environmental assessment
WP7 Coordination

For each of the key value chain stages (WPs 1 - 4) a technology development phase is necessary before the maturity is sufficient enough to build pilot lines in the technology demonstration phase (WP5). Finally, in order to demonstrate the applicability of the technologies in multi-GW scale in Europe, the experiences from running the pilot lines will be evaluated in the assessment phase (WP6). 

The approach to develop an integrated feedstock - crystallization - recycling loop is to combine ELKEM Solar's unique technology for feedstock production with the non-seeded crystallization process of REC Solar into a highly automated and streamlined production (divided between the two production facilities in Kristiansand and Porsgrunn, Norway.

In order to develop the technology required to establish diamond wire sawing for multi-crystalline silicon we will perform a systematic development of sawing equipment, routines and consumables on top quality multi-crystalline material from ELKEM Solar's production facility.

The refining of kerf into silicon feedstock consists of three steps: filtration of slurry, cleaning and sintering, of which the two latter will be focus for further development. The impact of different acid compositions for cleaning on material purity and the use of different binders for compacting the kerf before sintering will be investigated.

The development of the three different solar cell technologies will be carried out in large parts independently by three different groups: PERT+ by ISC, PERCT+ by RCT and PolyPERC+ by ECN.

As the main advantages of the NICE module technology (solder and lamination free) have already been demonstrated with a first generation industrial production line, the experimental work to improve the module properties will be performed on this line.

European Zoo of Efficient Ultra-cheap Solar Modules

Participation at The European Sustainable Energy Week 13-17th of June 2016 in Brussels, www.eusew.eu. 

EUSEW, an initiative by the European Commission, is the most important conference and networking event in Europe on sustainable energy during the year, and for a small unknown company such as BNW Energy it is vital to be present at this event.

We have registered and will take active part in several networking and match-making activities (see appendix 2):
- "E2 - Energy Efficiency for Industry", 13-16th of June
- "E-Mobility Works final conference", 14th of June
- "Energy Efficiency in the Building Sector - Building Successful Consortia for Horizon2020", 15th of June
- "Think Exergy not Energy - a Science Europe Workshop", 16th of June
- "E² Tech4Cities Brokerage Event 2016", 17th of June.

We will also apply for the opportunity to give a presentation at "Speaker's Corner" (call for proposals for Speaker's Corner is not yet open).

Participation in European Sustainable Energy Week, EUSEW 2016

The project will demonstrate the technological feasibility to achieve > 50% accumulated recovery of the Ta content in in-going WEEE scrap in 2 separate processing plants, by simultaneous development of physical separation methods to concentrate Ta for further processing, hydro-metallurgical upgrading techniques to separate Ta in micro-capacitors from its casing to produce high purity oxide (Ta2O5), and environmentally benign and energy efficient pyro-metallurgical reduction techniques to produce Ta metal or Ta oxycarbide. 

The project will establis standard methods for reliably determining different critical element contents in different types of WEEE waste material streams in a range of matrices and concentrations, as well as collect and provide input on Ta-content and recovery yields to all investigated process steps to evaluate economic and life-cycle optimization of the integrated value chain. 

TANTRA will establish at least 2 business scenarios with associated business opportunities for corporate project partners based on the developed extraction/recovery routes through evaluation and comparison of technical, economic and environmental feasibility of the sub-processes and the value chain(s) and benchmark towards existing technologies and value chains. Based on the ecologic-economic-technologic (EET) evaluation, we will demonstrate the economic value of the tuned integral chain(s), through pilot scale demonstrations. Evaluation of existing business models will be conducted, as part of market uptake development for the TANTRA technologies, over the different process steps. The project will disseminate results to support further uptake in other scientific and technology domains.

TANtalum Total Recycling Advantage

WP1: Project management

WP2: Heat pipe design
	Conceptual design, Modelling, Materials, Corrosion, Surveillance and monitoring system

WP3: Heat pipe technology validation in lab (TRL 4)
	
WP4: Heat pipe demonstration in relevant environment (TRL 5)
	Drilling R&D included
 
WP5: Levelized Cost of Energy (LCOE) assessment and Life Cycle Analysis (LCA)

WP6: Market analysis, planning of TRL 6 and strategy to commercialization
 
WP7: Dissemination, exploitation of results, assessment of end user case.

BNW Energy AS will be WP leader for WP7, and IVIND AS will be WP leader for WP6 and WP7

Shallow geothermal energy by innovative heat pipe technology

FerroPem will optimize its high quality UMG feedstock process, focusing on increasing material yield by internal recycling of all Si by-products, and reduction of process consumable costs. SINTEF will adapt a semi-continuous casting method to production of High-Performance multicrystalline silicon (HPmc-Si) ingots, implement reusable Si3N4 crucibles (from Steuler Solar Technology) and electromagnetic melt stirrer (developed by WUT) into the process, which will increase material performance (revenue/kg) and double throughput, while at the same time reduce costs. THM will further improve its fixed diamond wire sawing technique, reducing wire consumption and increasing throughput. Moreover, wafer thickness reduction and kerf reduction and reuse will contribute to further cost optimization. ISC Konstanz will further develop its PELICAN concept, by reducing Ag-metallization costs by leaving out the busbars, but also towards bifacial application, with an improved efficiency of over 20% while using industrial solar cell processing, that BSS will demonstrate. Apollon Solar will apply NICE module technology using soldering-free electrical series connection of solar cells and EVA-free lamination. Being a glass-glass technology it enables bifacial operation, long lifetimes and easy recycling. RWTH will expand its unique bifacial module simulation tool towards computing annual energy yield of a solar power plant based on bifacial technology. BCC and BNWE will carry out environmental assessment (Life Cycle Analysis) and cost assessment (Levelized Cost Of Electricity, LCOE) for the integrated value chain and of the individual solutions.

Lowest Cost Silicon Photovoltaics

For the Dedicated SME Instrument Stage 1, we will actively seek contact with different stakeholder groups, ranging from researchers in universities and research centers, to decision makers in industry (both technology and finance)  as well as government agencies.

Key activities in the Stage 1 project are as follows:

1) State of the Art analysis. 
        What is available today technically and commercially in the field with respect to LCOE
        methodology?

2) Market research and stakeholder analysis.
        Will different stakeholder groups need distinct approaches and varying value
        propositions? Where are the lower hanging fruits? Where is the competition?
         
3) Networking, alliances.
        Actively seek cooperation with complimentary groups, e.g. research & technology groups 
        working with sustainable energy technologies, and other types of institutions, e.g. the
        finance industry. Why? It is evident that new innovative financial products need to be
        developed to address todays' market constraints.

4) Business plan formulation.
         Based on the above activities a business plan for further development of the concept
         will be formulated.

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