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NORGLOBAL2-Norge - global partner

Poverty reduction, norms, and vulnerability to gender-based violence: Assessing causal relations and mechanisms

Alternativ tittel: Fattigdomsreduksjon, normer og utsatthet for kjønnsbasert vold: En studie av kausalitet

Tildelt: kr 9,0 mill.

Kjønnsbasert vold er et enormt problem over hele verden. Fattige land er i større grad rammet. For partnervold, som er den mest utbredte formen for slik vold, så rammes 20 % av kvinnene i Vest-Europa mens det rammer nesten det dobbelte (37%) av kvinnene i Afrika. Slik vold vil ofte innebærer stor skade for offeret, men også store økonomiske tap i form av sykehusinnleggelser og redusert arbeidsevne. Forskning estimerer at partnervold fører til årlige kostnader som tilsvarer mer enn 5 % av verdens BNP. I Afrika sør for Sahara er kostnaden 15 % av det regionale BNP. Andre typer vold, som kjønnslemlestelse, er også utbredt: Minst 200 millioner jenter og kvinner, hovedsakelig i lavinntektsland, har blitt rammet. Til tross for alvorlighetsgraden av problemet, vet vi svært lite om årsakene til kjønnsbasert vold og hva som kan gjøres for å få bukt med problemet.

Gender-based violence (GBV) is omnipresent, but poorer countries are more affected. Intimate partner violence (IPV), the most common form of GBV, affects one-third of women worldwide and 37% of women in Africa (WHO 2013). IPV alone has an estimated global cost of over 5 % of World GDP while the cost in Sub-Saharan Africa is 15 % of the regional GDP. Other types of GBV, such as female genital cutting (FGM), are also widespread: At least 200 million girls and women, mostly in low-income countries, have been subjected to FGM. Despite the severity of the problem, there are large gaps in our knowledge about causes of GBV and what can be done to eliminate it. In this project we use natural and large-scale field experiments in Ethiopia to identify the effects of poverty reducing interventions and economic development on GBV and investigate the likely mechanisms behind the violence, especially the role of norms. This will generate useful knowledge for policymakers and practitioners that are struggling to identify what interventions should be used to eliminate GBV. The project draws on, combines, and develops theories from different fields of the social sciences and epidemiology/public health. The main goal is to push the research frontier in economics but we are also expecting significant advances in adjacent disciplines, such as epidemiology. The project outlines an ambitious and bold research agenda, addressing theoretical and empirical challenges in the study of the role that poverty reduction and economic development play for reducing GBV. Together the experiments will allow for theoretical advancement in elucidating the scope conditions for when and how effects occur. Individually the experiments also answer questions at the research frontier. The project will generate useful knowledge for policymakers and practitioners that are struggling to identify what interventions should be used to eliminate GBV.

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NORGLOBAL2-Norge - global partner