2019

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LTP3 Styrket konkurransekraft og innovasjonsevne

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Training network for tracking and controlling therapeutic immune cells in cancer

Cancer immunotherapies have been established  in a growing number of clinical indications and the pace of development is massively accelerating. Currently over 6.000 clinical trials are investigating immune-related treatments in oncology especially in combinations. It includes both adoptive cellular therapies and immune modulating treatments like immune check point blockade. In contrast, the understanding of how such therapies mediate their mode of action is still mostly poorly understood. In particular, the role of distribution and relocation of immune cells after therapeutic interventions remains unknown. This is surprising, as immune cell interactions are a hallmark of therapeutic immune responses. T-RAFIC will enhance understanding of immune cell trafficking under therapeutic influence. It will open new paths and avenues to treatments, boost their efficacy and help prioritizing the plethora of immune therapeutic combinations. In the past, detailed analysis of cellular distributions was facing technical barriers. Advances in technologies, now permit tracking and visualization of cells in vitro and in vivo at an unprecedented resolution, allowing for the first time studies on immune cells under therapeutic influence. This emerging field of research has enormous potential and key importance for next generation of researchers in oncology and beyond. However, experts in this field are missing and this threats European research, development and medicine. Therefore, T-RAFIC joins forces of 13 academic and three industrial partners from nine European countries to conduct an innovative and interdisciplinary approach combining cell imaging with bioinformatics, cell engineering and clinician expertise. The network bundles recognised expertise in cancer immunotherapies, empowering European research and innovation and ensuring a sustainable cooperation in science and training.

METABOLIC REGULATION OF GENOME  FUNCTION AND CELL IDENTITY

NUCLEAR aims at educating future experts that can drive the emerging field of Metabolic Regulation of Genome Function and Cell Identity relevant for stem cell biology and cancer. It is a Doctoral Training Network composed of 14 beneficiaries and 12 partner organisations including three industrial partners, a training-oriented foundation, a patient support association from 8 EU member states, 1 associated country and a non-EU member state self-funding itself to the level of beneficiary. Given the highly interdisciplinary nature of this emerging field, no single institution can provide all suitable infrastructures and the know-how required for high-quality PhD-level training. To address this shortfall in training capacity, NUCLEAR brings together European leaders in metabolomics, functional genomics, chromatin regulation, stem cell biology and cancer with innovators in precision nutrition, mass spectrometry technologies and drug development. Together we are committed to the following: 1. To train 16 doctoral candidates (DCs) through an innovative program structured in four capacity axes and occurring on three complementary levels to deliver enabling scientific and transferable skills. 2. To guide DCs in collaborative research bridging boundaries of countries, sectors, and disciplines. 3. To address three key challenges that limit the advancement and exploitation of the field and that are the lack of tools to measure nuclear metabolism, the lack of understanding of underlying molecular mechanisms and the lack of targets for novel cancer therapies.  4. To build lasting infrastructures for dissemination, communication and exploitation promoting an entrepreneurial culture and maximizing and extending the impact of this proposal beyond its lifetime.  5. To increase the international visibility of European research by taking leadership in the emerging field of Metabolic Regulation of Genome Functions and Cell Identity.

Complex lipid membranes for science and technology

“CLIMB-Complex lipid membranes for science and technology” is a doctoral network of leading European lipid-research laboratories with highly complementary research expertise and training capabilities, which will allow participating PhD students to develop a wide range of research and transferable skills attractive to employers in both academic and industrial sectors. The research themes focus on the hypothesis that comprehensive understanding of the role of compositional complexity on “yet to be explored” structural properties and membrane-driven interactions is key to developing complex lipid-based nanomaterials that mimic the cellular environment and function as high-performance sustainable materials. A central aspect of the CLIMB programme is the development and physicochemical characterization of structure and stability of aggregates formed by novel lipid mixtures including natural extracts and novel protective polymer/peptoid-based coatings. Scientific results will be made available to non-academic partners to assess its possible translation into applications in the fields of mRNA delivery, bio-sensor development, and “green” formulations, areas in line with some of the grand challenges identified by EU. These objectives will be achieved by combining advanced and complementary experimental approaches from chemistry, physics, biology, and computational sciences. Through close collaboration with a network of both small and large industrial partners, the trainees will receive direct hands-on experience, and will gain insights into how lipid-based materials are used in innovative applications. In summary, CLIMB aims to advance the current knowledge on the interplay between structure, functions, interaction, and compositional complexity in lipid membrane. The generated results will contribute to important knowledge transfer between academia and the companies involved, promoting and increasing the success rate for innovations of grand societal challenges.

Isolating the first ARCtic GIant viRUSes and their bioactive compounds (ARCGIRUS)

Giant viruses (GVs) comprise a ubiquitous and unique viral group. Their large genomes encode a majority of proteins with unknown functions, an important but overlooked source for new biotechnological breakthroughs. Most known GVs have been isolated in hosts from the genus Acanthamoeba and none has yet been found from the Arctic, one of the most important ecosystems in the world. This came as a surprise considering various metagenomic studies revealed the presence of GVs worldwide, especially in marine ecosystems. More studies on host-GVs interaction also bring forth their potential for viral-derived bioactive compounds. Hence, this project (ARCGIRUS) aims to innovate in giant virus research by (O1) isolating the first algal-infecting giant virus from the Arctic. This will overcome the Acanthamoeba-focused host bias and at the same time explore an important but never studied environment in this field. Then, I will (O2) characterize the isolates, and (O3) develop a novel method using mass spectrometry to find potential bioproducts at the phenotypic level from cells infected with giant viruses. The biological data obtained through this project will have an impact on virology and evolutionary biology, likely leading to interesting basic research projects and applied science advances, in addition to increased awareness of the Arctic virosphere, and nature in general. The GVs isolates and publications generated through this project will become important references in the field and open the possibility of collaboration. The use of social media and collaboration with museums will advertise the study of GVs and raise awareness of their role in the marine microbiome to general audiences. Overall, the novelty of finding giant viruses infecting microalgae from the Arctic, together with the training and knowledge acquired from this fellowship, will support my career goal of becoming a leading polar microbiologist specializing in giant viruses.

InSilicoHealth- Training the virtual twin professionals to support healthy ageing

InSilicoHealth aims to train doctoral candidates in the field of virtual human twin technology, with a specific focus on addressing challenges related to healthy aging in Europe in three core domains: heart, musculoskeletal, and brain. There is a two-way transfer between the research projects and the interdisciplinary training programme,  in which candidates will receive a broad education that spans different fields relevant to digital health. A compelling interdisciplinary joint degree-DN programme for 11 DCs is proposed answering four interdisciplinary research objectives, shouldered by intersectoral training components (i.e., academic and non-academic secondments) to prepare a new generation of outstanding digital health professionals.   InSilicoHealth will provide a comprehensive and forward-looking programme that combines research, interdisciplinary training, and collaboration with industry to address the complex challenges of healthy ageing, using virtual human twin technology. The DCs will be actively encouraged to surpass the technology-driven focus and to explicitly addressing the ethical, legal societal implications of VHT technologies. By providing the DCs with a 360° view on the methodological, technological, ethical, social, and regulatory challenges associated with this digital revolution of healthcare, InSilicoHealth is conceptualized as a steppingstone for a sustainable EU-based, doctoral programme on in silico health.

The HEPI (Health Economics for Policy Impact) proposal utilise an existing European research infrastructure, the ELIXIR, to develop the scientific integration of Europe and Africa in the area of health economics, and to promote better integration of research in policy processes. Our Objectives for HEPI are directly aligned with the key areas of ‘sustainable growth and jobs’ and ‘peace, security and governance’ outlined in the European Union and European External Action Service’s ‘Towards a comprehensive strategy with Africa’, specifically in the field of population health and health system strengthening. We will (i) facilitate improved policy and research interactions in health economics and financing in Africa, (ii) foster alignment between academic and political infrastructures in health economics across Europe and Africa and facilitate the sharing of resources, (iii) strengthen capacity at institutional level, and (iv) strengthen the capability of individual researchers and policymakers to produce, interpret and apply health economic evidence.   We will establish and expand Health Economics Communities of Practice (HE COPs) in both East and West Africa. These platforms will bring together stakeholders from member states’ policy and academic communities to strengthen health economics knowledge, support the uptake of research evidence into policy, and enhance collaboration on pertinent health policy issues. We will align academic and political infrastructures in Europe and Africa in the field of health economics, and lay the foundation for sharing of materials, methods and data. We will support higher education institutions to enhance their capacity in training highly skilled professionals proficient in health economics methods. Finally, we will promote individual capability building by providing personalized guidance and support through a 2 year mentorship program. 

Health Economics for Policy Impact

Assessing Human Health Impacts of Maritime Air Pollution

While local air pollutants are well-known to have detrimental impacts on human health, we lack a complete understanding of the economic costs imposed by the negative health effects from exposure to maritime air pollution. In addition, because health effects are uncertain and likely to be heterogeneous due to the non-uniform population distribution and location of ships, it is difficult to design efficient policies to mitigate maritime emissions.  Nevertheless, the transition to a net-zero emissions economy will require the implementation of policies to curb emissions in the maritime sector.  By combining detailed Norwegian administrative data with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes and air pollution, MARHEALTH aims to quantify the health effects of maritime air pollution and to assess the effectiveness of pollution mitigation policies in the shipping sector. These objectives will be addressed through three specific subgoals: 1) Generate high-quality data sets by combining administrative health and socio-economic data on individuals with highly granular geo-referenced data on shipping routes of all container and passenger vessels and satellite- and ground-based environmental data on air quality and weather. Further, I will collect and merge information on the transition from fossil fuel-operated to electrified passenger ships.  2) Empirical analysis of the health impacts of maritime air pollution by estimating causal impacts of pollution from ports. Linked data on health outcomes with socioeconomic characteristics of individuals allows me to uncover socio-demographic disparities in the health effects of exposed individuals. 3) Empirical quantification of the benefits of green transition policies in the maritime sector by merging the environmental and individual-level data with information on shipping routes of electrified vessels to econometrically recover causal estimates.

Network for Cross-disciplinary assessment of Endocrine Disrupting compounds: training the next generation of toxicologists

The EU has flagged endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs), which interfere with normal hormonal function leading to adverse health effects, of particular concern. Within different EU regulatory programmes the assessment of EDCs has recently changed significantly and continues to evolve rapidly. Advances in test methods for assessment of EDCs are needed to meet these changing regulatory requirements, and a new generation of toxicologists must be trained to support the implementation of the most advanced approaches. NeXED will address three critical challenges in this area. First, human and environmental EDC assessment have historically been separate disciplines while there is an increasing need to use data across species in a One Health approach. Second, EDC assessment currently addresses single compounds while in an environmentally realistic scenario organisms are faced with complex mixtures of EDCs. Third, new test methods for EDC assessment are needed, covering less well-characterised mechanisms and effects. NeXED aims to facilitate a paradigm shift in EDC assessment by training a new generation of cross-disciplinary toxicologists specialised in using harmonised approaches in a One Health framework. NeXED will train its 15 doctoral candidates through research, secondments and training events using an interdisciplinary and intersectoral training programme. NeXED brings together 9 Beneficiaries and 11 Associated Partners from 10 countries, building upon long-standing collaborations through existing projects including the Horizon 2020 EURION projects and the Horizon Europe Partnership on the Assessment of Risk from Chemicals (PARC). The consortium includes leading researchers from institutions with excellent doctoral training programmes who are all experts in ED assessment, as well as industry partners, regulatory agencies, SMEs and consultancy firms. With its complementary expertise the consortium is ideally placed to train the NeXED generation of toxicologists.

NeuroNanotech will train eleven researchers to tackle one of the major challenges in Europe’s ageing population - neurological diseases. The ability to monitor and modulate neural activity using interfaces has enabled a better understanding of brain function and has led to therapeutic solutions for some neurological disorders. Yet, fundamental technological challenges, such as ensuring proper brain tissue interfacing and reliable long-term recording/stimulation after implantation, impede widespread clinical use. New approaches to provide effective treatments are urgently needed.  NeuroNanotech will develop novel nanostructured flexible neural interfaces with highly improved tissue integration, minimizing foreign-body reactions and tissue scarring and allowing stable stimulation treatments. As main innovation, we will develop minimally invasive, ultra-sensitive spintronic magnetic sensors able to record stably without interfering with stimulation signals and avoiding electrode degradation. Connecting both interfaces, we will construct a low-invasive, closed-loop neurostimulation system that integrates feedback signals from the neural activity and provides real-time stimulation of the target structures according to the patient´s needs.  To achieve these goals, NeuroNanotech brings together experts in nanotechnology, device engineering, neuroscience and clinical neurology. The individual research projects are highly interconnected, ensuring interdisciplinary training. Researchers will benefit from training in advanced research and relevant complementary skills, imparted by an international and intersectoral consortium of research institutes, universities, companies, hospitals and social organisations from 9 different countries. We will provide researchers a unique environment focused on innovation and collaboration, with a view to commercial applications of the research results. This framework will open researchers avenues in both academia and health-related industry.

Nanoplatforms for Neuroscience

This SUSCARE project addresses the call for proposals on global health by proposing an international partnership between Norwegian and Colombian Universities, Research Institutes, and International Diabetes Federation, Colombia. The primary objective of SUSCARE is to establish a long-term partnership on advancing “SDG 3-Good Health and Well-being” by fostering the Norwegian government`s “Better Health, Better Lives” goal. The main purpose of this pre-project is to build a consortium and lay the theoretical and practical foundations for applying for Collaborative and Knowledge-building Projects (KSP) in Global Health in 2025 aimed to implement and evaluate a sustainable and equitable Artificial Intelligence of Things (AIoT) Based Patient-centred framework for self-management of type 2 diabetic (T2D). Overall, this pre-project will help to get a better overview of the research challenges, perform necessary assessments of user requirements and research needs to improve self-management of T2D, identify, and engage potential stakeholders, and make concrete development goals and research direction for the KSP application to be submitted in March 2025.

A Sustainable AIoT Based Nutritional Recommender for Self-Management of Type 2 Diabetes among Adult Population

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap fordelt på fagområde

Doktorgradsstipendiat

EUI - 4. år - Natural Disasters: Demographic and Health Outcomes for Women and Children

Grovfôrproduksjon på tradisjonelt røyrgrøfta myrjord er utfordrande når det gjeld klimagassutslepp og drift av jorda. Omgraving er ein alternativ måte for dyrking og drenering av grunn og middels djup myr med drenerande mineraljord under. Mineraljord vert lagt som topplag på myra og i skråstilte lag der vatn kan drenere til undergrunn. I PEATINVERT har vi studert klimagassemisjon ved å vidareføre feltforsøket med grasproduksjon som vart etablert på omgravd og grøfta myr på Fræna i Møre og Romsdal i DRAINIMP-prosjektet.
Vi etablerte nye lokalitetar for utsleppsmålingar av lystgass (N2O) og metan (CH4) på det omgravde og profilerte arealet. Øvre lokalitet (4 målepunkt) var rett under toppen på profilen og nedre lokalitet (4 målepunkt + 3 ugjødsla) var nærmare den opne grøfta mellom omgraven og grøfta myr. På øvre lokalitet er tjukkelsen på laget med mineralmateriale over torva 80-105 cm, medan det på nedre lokalitet er 45-55 cm. På grøfta myr brukte vi same lokalitet som i DRAINIMP (4 målepunkt + 3 ugjødsla). På omgravd areal vart konsentrasjon i jordlufta av N2O, CH4, O2 og CO2 målt manuelt i ulike djupner frå overflata og ned til den nedgravne torva. O2-konsentrasjonen vart også målt kontinuerleg med sensorar i overflata på nedgravd torv, og i ulike djupner på grøfta myr. Vasstand vart manuelt registrert i grunnvassbrønnar. Jorda i brønnane på omgravd areal vart analysert for tekstur, pH og innhald av karbon og nitrogen. Kontinuerleg måling av vasstand vart frå sommaren 2017 gjort på nedre lokalitet på omgravd areal og på den grøfta myra. For å finne ut om omgraving beskyttar torva mot nedbryting vart det målt øksosystemrespirasjon med mørke kammer i kampanjar rett etter slått. Samtidig vart det tatt prøver for å bestemme rotbiomasse. Det vart gjennomført inkubasjonsforsøk for å undersøke metanoksideringspotensialet i mineraljordslaget som ligg over omgravd myr.
Mineraljordslaget over omgraven myr er svært fattig på organisk materiale (<0,5% tot C) og teksturen er dominert av fin sand og grov silt. Teksturen er finare og innslaget av leire er aukande mot den opne grøfta. Resultata frå analysane av karboninnhald skal brukast til framtidig undersøking av karbonlagring i mineraljordslaget. Kontinuerlege målingar av vasstand frå slutten av august 2017 til slutten av desember 2018 viser ein middel vasstand på -52 og -94 cm for høvesvis grøfta og omgravd myr. Det er tydeleg lågare jordfuktigheit på omgravd enn på grøfta myr. Det er liten skilnad i gjennomsnittleg jordtemperatur, men temperatursvingingane er større på omgravd enn på grøfta myr. 
Metanutsleppet frå grøfta myr (gjødsla areal) var i 2017 (vått år) og 2018 (tørt år) høvesvis 7200 og 1600 g CH4-C/daa. Frå omgravd gjødsla areal var metanutsleppet rundt 60 g CH4-C/daa frå øvre lokalitet begge år, medan det frå nedre lokalitet var 200 og 150 g i høvesvis 2017 og 2018. Resultat frå målingar av konsentrasjon av metan i jordluft på omgravd areal viste at det var stor produksjon av metan i den nedgravde torva. Metankonsentrasjonen minka etter kvart som ein nærma seg jordoverflata. Inkubasjonsforsøk i lab med jordprøver frå ulike sjikt av mineralmassen over torva viste eit gjennomgåande potensiale for metanoksidasjon. Mellom 0,1 and 1,4 mg CH4-C/hg jord vart oksidert i laboratorieforsøk ved 15°C , med tendensar til høgare opptaksrater rett over torva.    
Lystgassutsleppet frå grøfta, gjødsla myr var 980 og 530 g N2O-N/daa i høvesvis 2017 og 2018 medan det frå ugjødsla grøfta myr var 0 og 30 g. Frå øvre lokalitet på gjødsla omgravd areal var utsleppet 850 og 270 g N2O-N/daa, medan det frå nedre lokalitet var 1030 og 460 g N2O-N/daa desse åra. Frå ugjødsla omgravd areal var utsleppet 140 og 60 g N2O-N/daa i høvesvis 2017 og 2018. Resultat frå målingar av konsentrasjon av lystgass i jordluft, med størst konsentrasjon i øvste sjikt, tyder på at lystgass blir produsert i mineraljordslaget og ikkje i den nedgravde torva. Det låge lystgassutsleppet frå ugjødsla målepunkt både på grøfta og omgravd areal viser at lystgassutsleppet var indusert av gjødslinga.
Kontinuerlege målingar viste låge O2-konsentrasjonen i den nedgravne torva. På grøfta myr målte vi i  den tørraste perioden sommaren 2018 rundt 15 vol% O2 heilt ned til 55 cm djupne, medan O2-konsentrasjonen i omgraven myr aldri var over 8%. 
Målingar med mørkekammer i døgnet etter slåttane i 2018 viste ein CO2-fluks etter 1.slått på 143, 149 og 235 g/daa/h CO2-C og etter 2. slått på 140, 125 og 201 g/daa/h CO2-C for høvesvis omgravd øvre, omgravd nedre og grøfta myr. Rotmassen var i middel for 3 prøver 7,0, 4,8 og 4,3 mg ts/cm3 ved 1. slått og 5,2, 6,0 og 2,9 mg ts/cm3 for høvesvis omgravd øvre lokalitet, omgravd nedre lokalitet og grøfta myr. Gjennomgåande lågare rotmasse i grøfta myr betyr mindre autotrof respirasjon frå grøfta enn frå omgravd myr. Dette betyr at den større målte respirasjonen på grøfta myr er eit resultat av større heterotrof respirasjon pga større nedbryting av organisk materiale.

PEATINVERT aims to increase knowledge about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from farmed organic soils in Norway. Current forage production on tile-drained peat soil is challenged by low drainage efficiencies and large GHG emissions. Peat inversion is a valid alternative where peat less than 1.5 m deep lies on top of self-draining mineral soil. The peat body is covered by the underlying mineral soil while maintaining connectivity to the self-draining subsoil. PEATINVERT builds on findings from a previous project (DRAINIMP,NFR no.225274) which found methane(CH4) emissions to be much lower in inverted than in tile-drained peat, and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in the same magnitude. PEATINVERT will study whole-year-round GHG-emissions and source/sink processes at the same location (Fræna, Sunnmøre) in adjacent fields with inverted, tile drained and uncultivated peat. To investigate whether peat inversion has a potential to protect peat from degradation, continuous O2 profiles will be monitored in both drainage systems. Discontinuous measurements of CH4 and CO2 in soil air will be used to assess the peats? CH4 production potential. Preliminary measurements suggested that the buried peat produced large amounts of CH4, which were oxidized before reaching the atmosphere. We will quantify CH4 oxidation in more detail by laboratory incubations. To arrive at a more complete GHG balance for forage production on tile-drained and inverted peat, we will estimate the C balance in both drainage systems based on measured ecosystem respiration and above- and belowground plant biomass. Present C stocks in the surface layers of inverted and tiled-drained peat will be quantified and archived. Whole-year-round measurements of N2O emissions will be used to study N2O emission patterns and response to fertilization in inverted and tile-drained peat. We will cooperate with, and actively disseminate our findings to the advisory service, farming community and regional agricultural authorities.

FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap

EUI - 4. år - Natural Disasters: Demographic and Health Outcomes for Women and Children

Tildelt: kr 0,25 mill.

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FRIHUMSAM-Fri prosjektstøtte for hum.fag og samfunnsvitenskap

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