2Artificially created ecosystems (ACEs) in coastal waters: developing methods to assess their effects on wild fish in cold-waterenvironments
Artificial structures, such as marinas, harbours, sea-cage fish farms, mussel rafts and oil platforms, are widespread throughout Norway's coastal zone. Such structures may constitute 'Artificially Created Ecosystems' (ACEs) by providing substantial artifi cial habitat and modifying ecosystem proc...
