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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



CosmoglobeHD: Kartlegging av universet fra Melkeveien til Big Bang i høy oppløsning

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på år

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte fordelt på fagområde

Postdoctoral Researcher

The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) is the first light emitted in the Universe. By studying it, we can understand how the first elements were formed, how the first stars and galaxies evolved, and even how the Universe began. The exact color of the CMB not only tells us the temperature of the Universe, but it also traces every energetic event in history, such as the first supernovae, the evolution of intergalactic plasma, and potentially the annihilation of dark matter into gamma rays. At the same time, the tiny changes in temperature and polarization of the CMB across the sky can tell us the relative amount of normal matter and dark matter. Polarization measurements directly probe the existence of gravitational waves, and would provide direct evidence for the source of the initial expansion of the universe, cosmic inflation.

CosmoglobeHD will use the most sensitive data available to measure the color of the Big Bang and constrain primordial gravitational waves. To achieve this, we will create highly sensitive maps of the intervening material between us and the CMB, including dust from the Solar System and the Milky Way. The primary datasets will be from the Nobel Prize-winning COBE/FIRAS satellite experiment and the upcoming Simons Observatory data. The FIRAS experiment constrained the CMB to be the most perfectly thermal source found in nature. Standard cosmological models predict non-thermal emission just below the reported FIRAS errors. This project will improve these constraints through modern algorithmic techniques, while using our improved knowledge of the Milky Way obtained through NASA's WMAP and ESA's Planck satellites. Meanwhile, the Simons Observatory's search for inflation is limited both by detector sensitivity and modeling of the Milky Way. By combining the sensitive Simons Observatory maps with independent satellite-based data including FIRAS, WMAP, and Planck, we will enable the most precise constraints on cosmic inflation to date.

The Cosmic Microwave background (CMB) is the oldest source of light in existence, and our most precious resource for understanding the early history of the universe. Two vital targets for next-generation CMB experiments are B-mode polarization - a direct probe of cosmic inflation and primordial gravitational waves - and spectral distortions, which encode the energy history of the universe from redshift one million until today. In the CosmoglobeHD project, I propose to develop a joint integrated analysis framework for ground-based B-mode experiments with high spatial resolution and spectral distortion experiments with high spectral resolution, building on recent breakthroughs in the processing of CMB anisotropy satellite data. I will then use this framework to jointly analyze the upcoming state-of-the-art data from Simons Observatory (SO) with archival data from COBE/FIRAS, COBE/DIRBE, Planck, and WMAP. The main product from this analysis will be CosmoglobeHD: an absolutely calibrated high-resolution model of the radio, microwave, and sub-mm sky. This will enable cutting edge science in both fundamental cosmology and Galactic physics. The SO observations will constrain both primordial gravitational waves and cosmic birefringence to unprecedented levels, while the FIRAS analysis will reduce the frequency-domain uncertainties of the CMB
spectrum by a factor of 2–5, potentially leading to the world’s first detection of large-scale non-blackbody CMB radiation. These signals probe independent aspects of ?CDM and also share many observational challenges, justifying a synergistic analysis approach. This novel integrated and Open Science analysis framework will define a new paradigm for a wide range of next-generation B-mode and spectral distortion experiments, including CMB-S4, LiteBIRD, and ESA’s Voyage 2050 spectral distortion concept.

CosmoglobeHD: Mapping the universe from the Milky Way to the Big Bang in high resolution

Hva mener vanlige borgere om politisk vold, og har dette noen betydning? Det vitenskapelige studiet av politisk vold ? som ser på eks. borgerkrig, terrorisme, voldelig protest eller interstatlig krig -- har undersøkt ulike årsaker til politisk vold med et fokus på de rasjonelle eller følelsesmessige beveggrunnene borgere og eliter har for å begå politisk vold. Men, systematiske empiriske studier av vold har i stor grad ignorert de moralske oppfatningene vanlige borgere har om bruken av politisk vold i ulike situasjoner. Eksempler på slike oppfatninger kan være «det er feil å banke opp en politisk motstander», eller «det er alltid riktig å bruke våpen for å forsvare landet sitt». Forskere gjør ofte antagelser om slike oppfatninger, for eksempel ved å anta at det er lav toleranse for politisk vold i fredelige samfunn og omvendt i voldelige samfunn.
MoViCon studerer når og under hvilke betingelser borgere støtter eller fordømmer politisk vold, og med hvilke moralske begrunnelser. Vi vil også utforske hvordan disse moralske oppfatningene påvirker faktisk forekomst av politisk vold i ulike samfunn. Prosjektet gjør tre nyvinninger for å svare på disse spørsmålene. Først vil vi utvikle en konseptualisering av «moralske holdninger til politisk vold» som i tur kan måles gjennom eksperimenter i spørreundersøkelser. For det andre vil vi utvikle en teori om hvordan moralske holdninger til politisk vold formes og utvikler seg. 
For det tredje vil vi gjøre spørreundersøkelser i ulike land, for å måle moralske holdninger til vold, undersøke hvordan de varierer innad og på tvers av samfunn, og teste teorien om hvordan disse holdningene formes. Til slutt vil vi undersøke hvordan variasjon (innad i og mellom land) i holdninger til politisk vold predikerer faktisk forekomst av politisk vold.

Political violence within states is a global humanitarian burden. In the past century, armed political violence has drastically declined in some places, while it persists in others. Why? Current research identifies income growth, democracy and economic and political inclusion as drivers of peace. But, many countries experience persistent rates of political violence despite great income growth, improvements in democracy and political inclusion (such as India over the past 20 years), and some countries (such as Mongolia) remain remarkably peaceful despite widespread poverty, frail political institutions, and lingering social grievances. MoViCon proposes a new theory to solve these puzzles, focusing on a factor that has hitherto been neglected by comparative conflict researchers: Citizen’ moral beliefs about political violence. MoViCon will provide a new scientific explanation for political violence within states, focusing on moral beliefs about political violence held by citizen populations. The project will develop a new concept of moral beliefs about political violence, and a new scheme to measure this empirically using survey experiments in different countries. It will develop and test theories of how such moral beliefs are formed and change over time, and of how moral beliefs in populations affect actual levels of observed political violence. MoViCon will provide a new understanding of how moral beliefs about political violence change, are shaped, and how they contribute to conflict. Such an understanding will improve early warnings of where political violence is likely to occur, and refine our understanding of existing conflicts to better diagnose underlying drivers and prescribe pathways to peace. Finally, it will enable policy actors in the international community to target moral beliefs (among citizens) in their efforts to build peace around the world, through attitudinal campaigns and related interventions.

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FRIPRO-Fri prosjektstøtte

Moral Beliefs about Violent Political Conflict

Awarded: NOK 12.0 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2027

Location: Oslo