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Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms

The goal of the Bilingual Experiences, Cognitive Ageing and underlying Mechanisms (BECAME) project is to examine the functional neuroplastic mechanisms underlying mitigatory effects of bilingual experience on age-related cognitive decline. While evidence is available for structural brain changes supporting bilingualism-induced effects on cognitive aging (CA), functional mechanisms underlying such effects are not yet well understood. BECAME aims to fill this gap by investigating the trajectory of bilingualism-induced functional neuroplasticity across the adult lifespan (ages 18-85), crucially adopting an individual differences approach related to measurable degree of bilingual engagement. Importantly, although such benefits are thought to be rooted early in the lifespan, evidence for the timeframe and conditions of their early emergence is scarce. The choice of including the whole adult lifespan allows us to investigate these mechanisms and their emergence more directly from a lifespan perspective. I combine behavioral testing with brain recordings via electroencephalography (EEG). EEG is widely used in cognitive neuroscience to assess brain activity and the degree of communication between brain regions (functional connectivity) in response to stimuli and at rest. Combining behavioral and EEG modalities will allow me to test bilingualism’s effect on functional connectivity, as well as its consequences for functional efficiency, the minimum required neural activation to successfully perform a task. This will enable a detailed, evidence-based account of the protective effects observed in older-aged bilinguals, and how they are built from earlier life stages. By illuminating the relationship between multilingualism and resulting neurocognitive adaptations, BECAME will enable to capitalize on it as a health initiative, with manifold societal implications and the potential to be translated into actionable policies exploiting multilingualism to ameliorate effects of CA.

From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Reality-Connected Machine Simulation of Heavy Machinery

The RealSim project proposal aims to connect machine simulation to reality in the framework of heavy machinery, which is an interdisciplinary application. The results of this project are expected to optimize machine performance, accurately and reliably predict machine failure, and reduce overall development and operation costs, thus, serving the Europe’s priority of green transformation and the United Nation’s sustainable development goal 9. The RealSim project will close the gaps of: (1) Onboard estimations of force and pressure components of heavy machinery; (2) Estimating deformability, cylinder friction, leakage, and valve dynamics of heavy machinery using independent nonlinear Kalman filters; (3) Employing dependent nonlinear Kalman filters in state estimators of heavy machinery; (4) Tuning algorithms for the covariance matrix of plant noise in the state estimation of heavy machinery.   I will consolidate and leverage my research career and position as a leading researcher in the field through integration in Assoc. Prof. Mohammad Poursina’s group at the Department of Engineering Sciences of the University of Agder (UiA), Norway. Here, I will acquire hands-on experience of working with actual mechatronic systems and develop efficient control algorithms. I will improve my knowledge of fluid power designing, control theory, instrumentation, and develop efficient coding skills. I will also develop entrepreneurial skills. The skills, knowledge, and international network that I will develop during this fellowship will put me in an excellent position to achieve my long-term goal of becoming a professor with my own independent research group at an esteemed university in EU. This fellowship will help me to prepare a strong ERC Starting Grant application in the future. It will also cater my additional goal of setting-up a research-related start-up in the future.

Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.  Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.  One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

Enabling the next generation in search of blood cancer cures

The CarrerasPathfinder program is new a world-wide unique doctoral program that covers the entire spectrum of research and innovation in blood cancers from understanding disease biology to the implementation of novel processes in the clinical practice. The program will fund 14 excellent Doctoral Candidates (DCs) for a period of 48 months. DCs will perform collaborative PhD projects involving associated partners from different sectors, countries, and disciplines through secondments. DCs will improve their research capacity and transferable skills through high-quality supervision arrangements and a tailored training program.  The program has been designed and will be hosted by the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute (IJC) which is the first European non-profit institute exclusively devoted to blood cancers. By answering the European needs for human resources, it is fully aligned with the 13 recommendations of the EU Cancer Board’s Draft Mission  and the Europe’s Beating Cancer Plan (2021). The CarrerasPathfinder program has a strong triple-I dimension of internationality, inter-sectorality and interdisciplinarity in training, networking, co-supervision and research. Its specific objectives are: •	To develop an excellent doctoral program in blood cancer research conceived as a pilot for a permanent international doctoral program •	To equip DCs with a unique skill set boosting effectiveness and innovation capacity.  •	To promote DCs’ career development and increase their employability in different sectors. •	To establish the IJC as a European reference for research and training in blood cancers. •	To provide Europe with a new generation of researchers able to address unmet needs and societal challenges of blood cancers. •	To contribute to structuring the European research area by collaborating and synergizing with other European key opinion leaders.  

Nonlocal integrable equations: blow-up phenomena and beyond

I will carry out this fellowship at the University of Oslo, under the supervision of Professor Kenneth Karlsen at the Department of Mathematics.  The project is devoted to study existence and blow-up properties of the solutions of initial value problems (IVPs) for nonlocal nonlinear integrable PDEs. Nonlocal integrable equations were introduced by M. Ablowitz and Z. Musslimani in 2013 and have become a hot topic in the theory of integrable systems. By applying inverse scattering transform (IST) method it was shown that soliton solutions of nonlocal equations blow-up in isolated points in x,t plane. Therefore the natural question is to study the existence and blow-up properties of the general IVPs for such equations. To this end we will use the mixture of the IST method and PDE techniques. The former will be used for predicting the presence and the form of the blow-up of the solution, while the PDE approaches will be used for describing the blow-up of the solution of the general IVP and for finding a suitable concept of a weak solution, which exists even after the collapse.  Also by the IST method it was shown that apart from zeros, which correspond to solitons, the associated to the initial data spectral functions have the new type of singularities. These singularities correspond to the winding of the argument of the spectral function and play a significant role in long-time asymptotic behavior of the solutions ? they are responsible for a transition between qualitatively different asymptotic zones in x,t plane. It is a challenging open problem to describe analytically the nonlinear effects corresponding to these new singularities and in the framework of the project we are going to investigate this phenomena numerically.  The fellowship will allow me to expand my skills in PDE methods, which is different, but related to my present expertise field. Also it will enable me to become an established interdisciplinary researcher, who could pursue top academic positions.

Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts.  The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas.  Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely: O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law.  O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area. A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations.  The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.   

BOLD MINDS aspires to enhance the understanding of vulnerability factors underlying the emergence of borderline personality disorder (BPD), with an ultimate aim of increasing the potential for young individuals to receive early, evidence-based help when their mental health is at risk. BOLD MINDS will achieve this by investigating whether disruptions in two aspects of autobiographical memory (AM), narrative identity (NI) and involuntary AM (IAM), are associated with BPD features and problem behaviours in adolescents concurrently and over time. In doing so, BOLD MINDS will strengthen the understanding of mechanisms underlying the emergence of BPD in adolescence and lay a groundwork for developing evidence-based early interventions for BPD. While currently limited, the study of AM in this field is essential for two reasons. Firstly, because the aspects of AM under investigation, NI and IAM, are known to be involved in identity formation and emotion regulation which represent two key psychological processes that are disrupted in adults with BPD and are linked to problem behaviours such as self-harm and suicidality. Secondly, because promising research is emerging on the use of AM targets in the treatment of emotional disorder in adults, and provides a strong model for future treatment development with vulnerable adolescents. In addition, this timely research program aligns with calls from international organizations to prioritize early interventions to promote adolescent mental health. BOLD MINDS will adopt and adapt state-of-the-art ecological momentary assessment and analytical techniques and work at the crossroads of clinical and cognitive psychological perspectives, allowing for a multidimensional approach to understanding BPD vulnerability. Training-through-research and formalized training of the experienced researcher will prepare her for a permanent academic position and the founding of her own research lab specializing in AM and early interventions for BPD.

Borderline Personality Disorder: Memory and Identity in Adolescence

Multilingual Acquisition and Processing: Heritage Russian in Spain

Recent research highlights a need of deeper understanding of the nature of language competence and the development of this competence under heritage language bi- and multilingualism. Heritage speakers (HSs) is a population highly diverse in terms of their linguistic competence and its development. Multilingual Acquisition and Processing (MAP): Heritage Russian in Spain will provide an examination of Russian Heritage Language (HL) grammar in a previously unstudied socio-linguistic context focusing in particular on the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early and most unstable stages of multilingual language development. The overall research objective is to discover the patterns of language acquisition and language processing in order to find out how multilingual minds deploy their developing grammatical knowledge and how they detect and access the linguistic (morpho-syntactic) mechanisms from their two co-existing languages in real-time. The proposed empirical study will investigate the effects of linguistic proximity, individual experiential factors and the developmental patterns of cross-linguistic influence in child bilingualism. Heritage Russian in Spain will be studied with a focus on 3-7-year-old children in order to examine developmental trajectories in both languages. On the theoretical level, MAP will significantly contribute to the development of a model of heritage language grammar and add to a sub-field of multilingualism studies, Heritage Language Acquisition, by showing the patterns of cross-linguistic interaction at early stages of multilingual Russian-Spanish development. On a societal and education level, project findings will be relevant for policy makers, teachers, school principals and HSs communities in European countries. To date, most heritage language studies have focused exclusively on the minority language, MAP will fill an important gap by focusing on both languages.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

Midlene fra PROFO-Forurensning – kilder, spredning og effekter fordelt på år

Midlene fra PROFO-Forurensning – kilder, spredning og effekter fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra PROFO-Forurensning – kilder, spredning og effekter fordelt på fagområde

Forskningsleder

Det er mange ulike årsaker til tilbakegang av laks i vassdrag på Vestlandet. En årsak kan være tiltakende vannforsuring, til tross for reduserte tilførsler av sur nedbør i området. En av årsakene til økt vannforsuring i marginalt sur nedbør forsurede vass drag i område med lav tålegrense kan være vannforsuring som følge av økte granskogbestander. Skogvekst er en jordforsurende prosess, hvor monokulturer av gran er kjent å kunne gi svært surt jordsmonn. Siden skog også fungerer som et filter for partikler o g aerosoler i lufta, vil skogens filtreringskapasitet for lufttransporterte komponenter øke. Dette betyr at etter hvert som skogen vokser til, vil mer forsurende S- og N-forbindelser og sjøsalter kunne holdes tilbake i feltet (filtereffekt), samtidig med at jorda forsures. Resultatet vil da bli at sjøsalt-ioner som Na+ og Mg2+ under sterke sjøsaltepisoder, vil kunne bytte ut H+ og Aln+ i den forsurede jorda og føre til vannforsuring. Det mobile sjøsaltanionet k lorid vil da kunne vaske ut de sure kationene, med det resultat at disse ionene kommer ut i vann og vassdrag i et slikt omfang at vannkjemien vil kunne ha negative effekter på fiskebestander og da i første rekke laksen som er den mest følsomme fiskearten i våre vassdrag. Fiskedød i forbindelse med sjøsaltepisoder i kystnære områder er godt dokumentert, spesielt i sammenheng med orkanen på Vestlandet i januar 1993, da betydelig fiskedød ble rapportert i forbindelse med ekstremt høy tilførsler av sjøsalter og under snøsmeltinga samme året.

Vannkjemiske effekter av barskogplanting på Vestlandet

We apply for PES for applying the SME Instruments Phase I, SMEInst-01-2016-2017: Open Disruptive Innovation Scheme, Cut-Off 03.05.16. See enclosed project description.

Visualixe - 3D see-through scanner - PES - SME

SharpXview i samarbeid med Enxense AS, skal i forprosjektet frembringe et organisatorisk, teknisk og kommersielt fundament for realisering av et FoU prosjekt som kan oppnå støtte fra bl.a. BIA programmet i Forskningsrådet. Forprosjektet skal gi forbedringer i beskrivelse av verdiskapingspotensial, plan for realisering av innovasjonen, og gjennomføringsevne.

SharpXview i samarbeid med Enxense AS skal i forprosjektet frembringe et organisatorisk, teknisk og kommersielt fundament for realisering av et FoU prosjekt som kan oppnå støtte fra bl.a. BIA programmet i Forskningsrådet. Forprosjektet skal gi forbedringer i følgende elementer av det omsøkte prosjektet:

* Verdiskapingspotensialet skal konkretiseres med bedre analyse av markedsbehov og markedspotensial med segmentering, samt sannsynliggjøring av estimert markedsandel i ulike markedssegmenter.

* Plan for realisering av prosjektet skal forbedres gjennom å identifisere, beskrive og verifisere potensielle markedskanaler inklusiv mulige partnere for markedsintroduksjon. Relasjon skal etableres med minst en potensiell partner for markedsintroduksjon.

* Gjennomføringsevne skal forbedres gjennom detaljering av produktkonsept og beskrivelse av behov for forskning som kan gjennomføres i samarbeid med norsk forskningspartner. Plan for samarbeid med norsk forskningspartner skal utarbeides.

3D object scanner (VisualiXe) for 3D printing

We apply for PES for applying the Eurostars Cut-off 3, 2015. See enclosed project description.

Visualixe - 3D see-through scanner of objects

De siste tiårene har et stadig økende antall studier knyttet lungekreft til eksponering av innendørs radongass. Eksperter i dette fagfeltet regner innedørs radongass som den nest viktigste årsak til lungekreft.
Variasjoner i radongassnivået gjennom døgne t, årstidene og året kan være store og avhenger mye av bygningens (bolig, arbeidsplass, barnehager,skoler osv.) bruk og av klimatiske forhold. Verdens helseorganisasjon (WHO) anbefaler periodiske langtidsmålinger målinger av innedørs radongassnivå. Er niv ået over tiltaksgrensen så anbefales utbedrende tiltak. Den største bygningsmessige faktoren som påvirker radongassnivået er bygningen ventilasjon.
I dette forskningsprosjektet er det Corentiums mål å utvikle et produkt for kontinuerlig overvåkning av  innedørs radongasskonsentrasjon og å kontrollere ventilasjonssstemet for å holde dette på et akseptabelt nivå. Det radonreduserende produkt foreslått av Corentium vil automatisk regulere behovet for luftmengde fra ventilasjonssystemet slik at radongasskonsentrasjonen holdes på et akseptabelt nivå. 
Arbeidet består i modellering og simulering av de fysiske fenomener og også av prototyping og målinger for å bestemme produktets kravspesifikasjoner og virkningsgrad.
Noen av resultatene oppnådd i dette prosjektet er:
- Nye metoder for innsamling (diffusjonskammer) og deteksjon (fotodioder, geometri,  osv.) for å forbedre effektiviteten av radondeteksjon, og for å redusere produksjonskostnadene, har blitt utviklet og prototyper er laget og testet.
- Prototyper av radondetektorer med mulighet til å kontrollere ventilasjonssytemer i bygninger er testet og verifisert.
- En patentsøknad ble sendt inn og en annen er under planlegging.
- En ny forretningside ble identifisert og en forretningsplan for å utnytte denne er underveis.

Corentium  AS gjennomfører dette prosjektet med støtte fra BIA-programmet under Norsk Forskningsråd.

It is well known that airborne short-lived radon gas inhalation contribute considerably to the total radiation exposure of the public. Elevated radon gas concentrations with considerable temporal fluctuations (daily, seasonal and yearly) can occur in many  closed environments (dwellings, public buildings and workplaces). The World Health Organization recommends that to limit the risk to individuals, a national reference level of 100 Bq/m3 is recommended. Wherever this is not possible, the chosen level shou ld not exceed 300 Bq/m3. 

The objective of this project is a unique adaptive on-demand radon mitigation system. An optimized radon monitor to continuously measure the radon concentration and automatically regulate the airflow capacity of the active radon  mitigation system (ventilation or active soil depressurization) to keep the radon concentration at acceptable levels. 

Currently, the mitigation method most often involves the installation of continuously running fan or pump, and the airflow capacity of  the mitigation system is fixed in function of the estimated yearly average.  It does not adapt to the considerable temporal fluctuations in indoor radon concentration.

Further, the proposed solution is expected to produce an active mitigation system wit h lower energy consumption (due to reduced air-exchange reducing the heating demand in the dwelling), extended lifetime and reduced environmental noise compared to presently available solutions.

The main R&D work will consist of modelling both the radon  detection (phenomenology and methodology) and  the indoor radon concentration as function of emanation and air exchange. Development of prototypes, tests and measurements  to verify and validate the models are other major R&D activities.

The proposed R&D  is the core element of Corentium's plan to industrialize and commercialize a product for on-demand indoor radon mitigation.

0 projects

PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

Visualixe - 3D see-through scanner - PES - SME

Awarded: NOK 39,999

Project Period: 2016-2016

Location: Oslo

BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena

3D object scanner (VisualiXe) for 3D printing

Awarded: NOK 0.25 mill.

Project Period: 2016-2016

Location: Oslo

PES2020-Prosj.etabl.støtte H2020

Visualixe - 3D see-through scanner of objects

Awarded: NOK 0.12 mill.

Project Period: 2015-2015

Location: Oslo

BIA-Brukerstyrt innovasjonsarena

Adaptive (on-demand) Radon Mitigation System

Awarded: NOK 6.6 mill.

Project Period: 2012-2015

Location: Oslo

PES-EUR-Prosjektetablererstøtte Eureka

Continuous Monitoring and Mitigation System of Radon in Dwellings and Workplaces

Awarded: NOK 0.10 mill.

Project Period: 2011-2011

Location: Oslo