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From the SEA to the SOLution. An integrative assessment of marine pollution in a changing Arctic

Marine chemical pollution poses known threats to human health and to biodiversity, ecosystem and societal services. The Arctic is a major sink of global mercury (Hg) pollution. Arctic sediments, sea and glacial ice constitute vast Hg reservoirs. Recent studies raise concerns about their increasing role as local Hg sources. In a rapidly warming Arctic, the consequences of potentially increased environmental Hg on marine biota remain unknown. The objective of SEASOL is to identify the pathway(s) of Hg bioaccumulation in marine food webs of the High Arctic Kongsfjorden (Svalbard). This changing glacial fjord is recognised as a ‘natural laboratory’ of climate change in the Arctic. The fellow’s earlier research has shown the sole measurement of Hg levels as insufficient to connect biotic Hg dynamics to environmental change, whereas the analysis of Hg stable isotopes proved to be a promising tool for source discrimination and biotic transfer. SEASOL will build on the novel application of stable isotope analysis to identify the sources of Hg within the fjord system and the pathways to Hg accumulation within sentinel marine species. On the short-term, the study will provide fundamental knowledge to help understand how emerging sources of Hg from rapid environmental change will impact Arctic marine predators. On the long-term, SEASOL will contribute to the development of early-warning, adaptive management strategies, including modelling, for mitigating the cumulative impact of pollutants and climate change on Arctic marine species. This multidisciplinary approach and the central position of the host institution (Norwegian Polar Institute) in the field of Polar Research will equip the Fellow with a broad set of new skills and lay the foundation for building her specific niche as a future leader in marine pollution science.

Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

Advance Marine Research Infrastructures Together

The European Ocean Observing System (EOOS) is the foundation of European ocean knowledge. The core Marine Research Infrastructures (MRIs) focused on ocean observing (EMSO, EURO-ARGO and ICOS ERICs; EuroFleets+, EuroGoShip, GROOM RI, JERICO RI and MINKE as INFRA projects) are the main providers of in situ ocean data for the EOOS and Copernicus, and the primary managers of instrumental capacity supporting fundamental research.
These MRIs are aware that the lack of effective cross coordination prevents them from fully supporting frontier research, while the lack of integration makes it difficult to reach a critical mass for EOOS and results in significant cost duplication. Accordingly, AMRIT gathers these MRIs together with OceanOPS/WMO international coordination experience with the objective to:
- ensure seamless operation of marine observation platforms ;
- ensure the full nominal use of sensors and accelerate their evolution ;
- exploit the complementarity of the various observation platforms ;
- ensure the overall coherence of the ocean data value chain.
To achieve these objectives, AMRIT will design and implement an EOOS Technical Support Center (EOOS TSC) for
- a fully integrated information service across the data value chain from early planning stages to final delivery to users;
- a cross-platform fully standardised data acquisition methodology for Essential Ocean Variables;
- a collaborative federal structure to operate these services, relying on the ERIs and their members.
The EOOS TSC will be the cornerstone in establishing and maintaining the EOOS, upon which European ocean observing can be strengthened in the coming decades. AMRIT will provide a catalyst for the development and consolidation of MRIs throughout Europe, providing a benchmark for operational coordination and collaboration. AMRIT will advance EOOS in line with its 2023-2027 Strategy and beyond, and the European Commission's ambitions for sharing responsibility in ocean observing across Europe.

Improve offshore infrastructure resilience against geohazards towards a changing climate

POSEIDON brings together an interdisciplinary and intersectoral team to deliver a professionally trained next-generation network of Doctoral Candidates to develop a step change in our capacity to identify, map, assess and predict offshore geohazards and in turn produce ground-breaking methods to prevent, mitigate and boost the resilience of current offshore infrastructure under a changing climate. The consortium is formed by experts across EU countries with universities, research institutions, industry partners and a government body to cover a full training programme on scientific and transferable skills. 

The programme will undertake critical research across scales (from micro to macro) for seeking the inner links and differences, with an eventual aim to ascertain the pathways and grow our capacity for the enhancement of the existing and the robust development of new offshore infrastructure in the frame of safety and resiliency. In addition to the informed design and implementation of the novel physical/numerical modelling and lab studies, our approach is unique in the solid integration and utilisation of state-of-the-art data science technologies (e.g., data mining, machine learning, etc.) to their full potential. Only through this systematic approach, we can achieve the objectives of understanding the impact of offshore geohazards on our offshore critical infrastructures (OCIs) and developing novel models, tools and designs for future OCIs, such as, wind turbines, pipelines and cables. 

The Doctoral Candidates will enjoy a highly integrated, interdisciplinary and intersector training environment, enriched through secondments with the network of non-academics. POSEIDON enables critical learning across all training aspects to ensure that comprehensive, robust and implementable solutions are obtained and validated to face the OCIs climate-resilient building.

POLARIN: POLAR RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE NETWORK

The polar regions play a key role in the Earth’s system. They are essential for our climate and are sentinels of climate change, human expansion, and the hunt of new resources. The polar regions are losing ice, and their oceans and land are changing rapidly. The consequences of this polar transition extend to the whole planet and are affecting people in multiple ways. Evidence-based policy recommendations are needed, but the polar regions are difficult to reach, and research infrastructures able to operate in these regions are scarce. To understand and predict key processes in the polar regions and provide evidence-based information, the polar research community needs access to world-class research infrastructure operating in these regions.
POLARIN is an international network of polar research infrastructures and their services, aiming at addressing the scientific challenges of the polar regions. The network includes a wide array of complementary and interdisciplinary top level research infrastructures: Arctic and Antarctic research stations, research vessels and icebreakers operating at both poles, observatories, data infrastructures and ice and sediment core repositories. POLARIN will provide integrated, challenge-driven, and combined access to these infrastructures to facilitate interdisciplinary research on complex processes. 
POLARIN will:
1.	Provide challenge-driven transnational access to a large portfolio of research infrastructures. 
2.	Improve the access to data by improving data availability and interoperability between data infrastructures. 
3.	Provide virtual access to data and data services. 
4.	Provide data products for the scientific community and decision makers.
5.	Train the young generation of polar researchers in optimally exploiting the infrastructures for their research.
6.	Duly advertise the services offered by POLARIN and engage the infrastructure users to share their research outcomes with society.


Land-Sea interface: Let’s observe together!

LandSeaLot will link together in situ, model and earth observations (EO) and connect related communities, citizens and initiatives such as Copernicus, ESA, EEA, GEOSS, EMODnet and the European Digital Twin of the Ocean. These observations will be used in a gap analysis to co-design a common land-sea interface observation strategy and an implementation plan. LandSeaLot participants will simultaneously work on improving: in situ and EO capabilities, models to reduce the model/observations gap and the integration of model, in situ and satellite data. Observation capacity will be increased through tested, improved and guided use of low-cost technology by citizens, facilitated by the network of European marinas. The technologies selected will be piloted in Integration Labs (ILs) together with improved and integrated in situ and EO observation techniques and model outputs. LandSeaLot ILs will cover selected areas in the Black, Aegean, Mediterranean, Atlantic, North and Baltic Seas, with a range of catchment, tidal and meteorological regimes. Experts and citizen science leaders will work in the ILs together with JERICO-RI, DANUBIUS-RI and ICOS-ERIC, and with regional policy makers and managers to tailor integrated observations that will provide them with information to manage societal challenges. These will include assessment of the lateral carbon flux and stock, plastics transfer, nutrients impact on primary production and eutrophication, supporting biodiversity conservation, improving modeling capability and supporting climate change adaptation (storm surge, floods, heat waves, coastal erosion, saltwater intrusion). Data generated in the ILs will be made FAIR available via EMODnet and interoperability, and semantic solutions for existing, international data flows will be developed. Relevant communities will be engaged by workshops, conferences, training, a high-tech summit and by a communication strategy including videos and policy briefs to ensure LandSeaLot’s legacy.

Material Science Innovation for Accelerated, Sustainable and Safe Implementation of Carbon Capture and Storage

MISSION-CCS presents a timely and unique doctoral network designed to deliver the next generation of highly trained researchers and entrepreneurs in the field of material science, specifically focused towards accelerating implementation of carbon capture and storage CCS technologies worldwide and ensuring the sustainable and safe operation of existing and future CCS systems.

The training network combines unique experimental system design and modelling approaches, state-of-the-art analytical technologies and techno-economic analysis to deliver a new generation of researchers and entrepreneurs. The programme of research training centres of delivering Doctoral Candidate Researchers (DCRs) with world-leading technical expertise in material science and engineering relevant to the entire CCS process. MISSION-CCS ensures that the subject-specific technical knowledge of each DCRs is under-pinned by inter-sectorial knowledge whilst also promoting wider innovation skills and relevant training on the techno-economics of CCS, developing experts with breadth of knowledge.

A central aim of the network is to forge a strong cohort culture, by ensuring that peer-to-peer learning and mutual support become the norm, in order to enhance experience. Research-led training activities are strengthened through a dynamic and interactive education based programme delivered by an internationally renowned consortium of academics and industrialists with complementary skills. As part of the training programme, subsequent to an introduction to CCS systems and the specific material science challenges, DCRs will gain knowledge of system design and optimisation, state-of-the-art analytical methods, theoretical modelling, techno-economics, and understand the challenges of exploiting their research. They will also acquire proficiency in project management, communication, entrepreneurship, and innovation; all essential attributes for any modern technical professional.

Optimisation of digital catch monitoring and reporting in European Fisheries

 OptiFish will strive to provide technological solutions that will simultaneously improve the sustainability of fisher’s operations, enhance control processes and strengthen society’s trust in their products.
OptiFish will develop, test and recommend a set of innovative technologies and tools supported by artificial intelligence (AI) to provide the management, the fishing sector and the scientist with data on catch volumes, catch compositions and the fishing environment. 
The goal is to unlock the full potential of technologies such as electronic and genetic monitoring for automated species recognition based on AI and computer vision to reduce discards, unreported landings and unreported fishing activities, ultimately establishing  a fisheries control and enforcement system fit for the digital age. The technologies are not enough alone, it is also critical to consider the combination of technologies and the integration of computer vision models, the wide range of data sources and their subsequent formats, while also addressing stakeholders needs and acceptance. 
This goal cannot be achieved by a single project, which is why the aim of OptiFish is to lay a solid foundation for full technological development from which other projects and initiatives can be built. The project will place a strong focus on species recognition in different fisheries equipped with distinctly different catch handling facilities and in different European sea basins. 
To ensure that these innovations are relevant to fisheries management, OptiFish has participation from the Norwegian Directorate of Fisheries, and has received written support from the European Fisheries Control Agency (EFCA), the Basque, Danish and Belgian Fisheries authorities.



Politikernes kommunikasjonsmakt i en digital tidsalder. Konsekvenser for deltagelse og demokrati

Midlene fra DEMOS-Demokratisk og effektiv styring, planlegging og forvaltning fordelt på år

Midlene fra DEMOS-Demokratisk og effektiv styring, planlegging og forvaltning fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra DEMOS-Demokratisk og effektiv styring, planlegging og forvaltning fordelt på fagområde

Forsker I

CEPOL studerer hvordan digitaliseringen påvirker det representative, deliberative og deltagerdemokratiet ved å undersøke norske politikeres nettverk i sosiale medier, og deres muligheter til å sette agenda og forme budskap overfor borgerne. Vi studerer også hvordan borgernes bruk av politisk informasjon har endret seg over tid, og hvordan dette henger sammen med deltagelse i debatt og i politiske aktiviteter. 
CEPOL bruker spørreundersøkelser, medieinnholdsdata og data fra sosiale medier for å undersøke:
1)	Ekkokamre og polarisering i norske politikeres Twitter-nettverk
CEPOL har studert politiske Twitter-nettverk i Norge, med utgangspunkt i kandidater til Stortingsvalget i 2017. I to artikler undersøkte vi forekomst av polarisering, ideologisk likhet og ekkokamre i disse nettverkene, og fant at på tross av at mange befinner seg i nettverk med likesinnede, er det også utstrakt kontakt mellom nettverk. Med andre ord er den norske politiske Twitter-sfæren kjennetegnet ved ideologisk polarisering, men uten ekkokamre. Graden av ideologisk polarisering varierer, og temaer knyttet til ytre høyre, økonomi og skatt viser høyere polarisering enn andre temaer. 
2)	Politikernes makt til å sette agenda og forme budskap gjennom sosiale medier
Basert på en survey til politikere, journalister og borgere, studerer CEPOL hvordan disse gruppene vurderer maktforhold i den digitale offentligheten. Resultatene viser at alle tre grupper tror at tradisjonelle medier har noe mer makt til å sette dagsorden enn politikere, men det er stor variasjon i meninger innad i gruppene. Syn på sosiale mediers dagsordensmakt, samt politikernes bruk av sosiale medier for å formidle nyhetssaker har betydning for vurderingen.
3)	Betydningen av sosiale medier for demokratisk deltagelse blant norske borgere
CEPOL har gjennomført et sett studier av forholdet mellom politisk bruk av sosiale medier og demokratisk deltagelse. Det overordnede funnet er en mobiliserende effekt av sosial mediebruk, men med noen forbehold. 
I en studie av endringer i ungdoms politiske holdninger, politisk deltagelse og bruk av sosiale medier i perioden fra 2011 til 2018 så vi at unge i større grad enn eldre deltar i politisk aktivisme online, og at generell politisk deltakelse og mobilisering øker blant de yngste. Sosiale medier framstår som viktige i denne mobiliseringen. En studie av hvordan medlemskap i frivillige organisasjoners Facebook-grupper henger sammen med offline deltagelse i perioden 2011-2016, viste at de som var koblet til slike grupper også oftere var medlemmer av frivillige organisasjoner, og at de til dels også gjorde mer frivillig arbeid. En komparativ studie av Frankrike, USA og Storbritannia fant lignende sammenhenger, men viste samtidig at den sterkeste sammenhengen var blant dem som brukte både sosiale medier og websider knyttet til frivillige organisasjoner.
I to ulike artikler undersøker vi sammenhengen mellom bruk av sosiale medier og henholdsvis politisk interesse og politisk kunnskap, faktorer som antas å ha betydning for om folk deltar i demokratiet eller ikke. Studien av politisk interesse viser at det å diskutere og formidle politikk kan føre til at interessen øker, spesielt blant ungdom, men også blant eldre aldersgrupper. Dette ser ut til å gjelde online og offline. Studien av politisk kunnskap viser likevel at de som bruker sosiale medier som nyhetskilde sitter igjen med noe mindre politisk kunnskap enn andre, og samtidig med mindre tiltro til egen kunnskap. Disse funnene indikerer at sosiale medier kan gi dårligere fundamenter for å danne seg politiske meninger og handle på dem, med andre ord at de kan være mindre verdt som demokratisk kapital.
I studien av konsekvenser av politikeres rolle i sosiale medier, undersøkte vi hvorvidt Facebook bidro til sterkere bånd mellom velgere og kandidater i valgkampen i 2019. Vi fant at Facebook fungerte både som nettverk og som nyhetskilde, og var viktig for både å knytte velgere og kandidater sammen. De som hadde sosiale medier som viktigste nyhetskilde, eller som hadde nettverk til politikere på Facebook, avga i større grad personstemmer. Med andre ord bidro også Facebook til å mobilisere til politisk handling.
4)	Demokratiske konsekvenser av digitaliseringen av offentligheten
CEPOL har som ambisjon å skape teoretiske forståelser av hvordan digitaliseringen påvirker ulike sider ved demokratiet. Enjolras og Steen-Johnsen fremfører et teoretisk og empirisk argument for at digitaliseringen har skapt en paradoksal situasjon, der noen sider ved demokratisk deltagelse og mobilisering er blitt styrket, mens systemer for representasjon, tillit, legitimitet og troverdig informasjon er under press. Ulike sider ved demokratiet påvirkes dermed på ulike måter.

Digitalization challenges the traditional role of mass media as gatekeepers and distributors of political information in the public sphere. Thus new opportunities open up for politicians to set the agenda and communicate with voters. 

The CEPOL project will study the implications of this development for representative, deliberative and participatory democracy by studying politicians' agenda setting and framing powers vis-a-vis citizens on the one hand, and citizens' use of this type of political information on the other. Digitalization can be positive for representative democracy, by enabling effective dissemination of political information and direct communication between politicians and citizens. But it can also give politicians excessive power vis-à-vis their voters. For deliberative democracy a main question is whether increased media power of politicians leads to an open and pluralistic public sphere, or whether it leads to polarization and the formation of echo chambers and ideological clusters. For participative democracy, a core issue is whether digitalization leads to more civic and political participation, across social groups, and what role political information emanating from politicians play in this context.

Making use of a combined longitudinal and experimental approach, and based on both survey data, media content data, and social media data, CEPOL will examine 1) The structure of Norwegian politicians' media audiences 2) The agenda-setting and framing power of politicians in social media; and 3) Changes in political media use and consequences for democratic participation among Norwegian citizens from 2011 to 2018. A specific work package uses findings from the empirical studies as basis for a normative discussion of the implications of the new media power of politicians to representative, deliberative and participatory democracy.

Communication Power of Politicians in a Digital Age. Consequences for Participation and Democracy

Samfunnet står overfor en prekær mangel på fagfolk innen cybersikkerhet, og gapet mellom behov og tilgjengelig arbeidskraft
utvider seg.  Det raskt økende antallet av dataangrep fører til hard konkurranse, og tømmer arbeidsmarkedet for ekspertise. Ifølge den seneste rapporten om cybersikkerhet fra European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) er det en 94 prosents økning i utlyste stillinger innenfor cybersikkerhet i Europa siden 2013, og det tar 20 prosent mer tid å fylle disse stillingene sammenlignet med andre
IT-stillinger. ASCERT-prosjektet vil bidra til å tette dette gapet ved å utvikle et programvarerammeverk for å designe, gjennomføre og evaluere cybersikkerhetsøvelser.

ASCERTs bakteppe er dystert. I en stadig mer digitalisert verden er våre institusjoner og vår kritiske infrastruktur sårbare. Over 90 prosent av all skadelig programvare leveres via e-post. Dette er en streng påminnelse om at det svakeste leddet i et hvilket som helst sikkerhetsregime vanligvis er mennesker og at den første forsvarslinjen forblir utdanning og trening.

Efektiv cybersikkerhetstrening må omfatte tre organisasjonsnivåer: (1) det strategiske nivået, for å foregripe konsekvensene av angrep på kritisk infrastruktur, (2) det taktiske nivået, for å opprettholde nasjonale IT-tjenester, og (3) det operative nivået, for
å motstå angrep på et konkret IT-system. ASCERT vil utvikle en helhetlig arbeidsflate som omfatter alle tre nivåer. Velstuderte læringsprinsipper og ferdighetsmetrikker vil legges til grunn   for å fremme effektiv, langsiktig læring.

ASCERT er et tverrfaglig prosjekt som benytter metoder og resultater fra symbolsk AI, cybersikkerhet, simuleringsbasert trening og
læringsteori. Prosjektet er et partnerskap mellom Norsk Regnesentral, NTNU Cyber Range, Direktoratet for Samfunnssikkerhet og Beredskap og Pilotech AS. Alle resultatetr vil utvikles i tett samarbeid mellom disse partnerne slik at løsningene reflekterer reelle behov i privat og offentlig sektor.

According to the recent European Network and Information Security Agency (ENISA) report on cyber-security skills development, there is a 94 % increase in cybersecurity job postings in Europe since 2013, and it takes 20 % more time to fill those jobs compared to other IT jobs. This poses a major concern for both economic development and national security in the digital age. The development of highly effective cybersecurity training frameworks that ensure exceptional cybersecurity skills is in other words a fundamental prerequisite for  the digital transformation of society.

Effective cybersecurity needs to span three organizational levels: (1) the strategic level, where societal services are subject to attacks and decisions are taken at an executive level; (2) the tactical level, where various parts of a National IT network are affected; (3) the operational level, where focus is on one concrete system.  It is crucial to enhance cybersecurity skills at each level specifically as well as to coordinate training across levels.

The ASCERT project will develop an AI-supported architecture for cybersecurity training that 1) supports the design, execution and assessment of training scenarios across organisational levels, and that 2) incorporates skill-building principles and performance metrics to promote deliberate incremental learning. 

Using attack-defence trees as a graphical user-facing representation, ASCERT will develop a formal semantics that translates such trees  into AI planning languages for the purpose of generating and executing training scenarios. Based on case studies and interviews with domain experts, the project will build up a library of simple offensive and defensive moves annotated with additive metrics and skills to support automatic goal-based and skill-oriented scenario design. These library elements will then be mapped onto a multi-agent system on the NTNU Cyber Range to yield an integrated platform for simulation-based training.

AI-Based Scenario Management for  Cyber Range Training

Et av resultatene i CAUs siste år er om symmetrier av sfærer i homotopi type teori med univalens (HoTT). Dette er kjente resultater i homotopi teori, og formålet med CAU er å finne ut hvordan å bevise slike resultater i HoTT slik at de kan bli verifisert av en datamaskin.

Sfæren av dimension 1 er en sirkel. Sfæren av dimension 2 er grensen (overflaten) til en ball i 3D (sirkelen er faktisk grensen (randen) til en disk i 2D). Denne ideen kan generaliseres til å definere en sfære av dimension n, som vi angir med Sn. Det er en annen måte, mer tilpasset HoTT, å definere sfæren av dimension n>1. For S2 kan man forestille seg to poler, Nord og Sør, og en meridian, la oss si den til Greenwich. Nå dreier man meridianen ved å bevege punktet hvor den snitter ekvatoren langs ekvatoren. Ekvatoren er en sirkellinje, altså denne metoden beskriver hvordan man konstruerer S2 ved hjelp av S1. På samme måte kan man konstruere S3 ved hjelp av S2 (ikke like lett å forestille seg!), og så videre.

Symmetrier er transformasjoner som kan reverseres og som bevarer objektets geometriske form. For eksempel, enhver rotasjon er en symmetri av sirkelen. Refleksjon er en annen symmetri av sirkelen. Symmetrier kan bli sammensatt til å gi andre symmetrier. Når det gjelder rotasjoner, så er det klart at man ikke trenger å dreie mer enn en full omdreining. Også, enhver rotasjon av sirkelen mot uret er lik en med uret.

I HoTT med univalens har symmetrier av sfæren Sn typen Sn=Sn. Vi har bevist i HoTT at S1=S1 er ekvivalent med S1+S1. Venstre S1 i S1+S1 står for alle mulige rotasjoner, og høyre S1 står for alle mulige rotasjoner følgt av en refleksjon. Derimot er Sn=Sn ikke ekvivalent med Sn+Sn for n>1, symmetriene av S2, S3, ... er atskillig mer komplekse. Likevel har vi bevist i HoTT at Sn=Sn alltid kan underfordeles i to ekvivalente komponenter, en med og en uten reflekjson.

In this project we study the computational aspects of the Univalence Axiom (UA) and the role of univalence in K-theory. UA is a new axiom in homotopy type theory, recently proposed by Voevodsky. Type theory is a logical formalism originally developed as a foundation of mathematics, and very useful for the mechanical verification of mathematical proofs. The latter is important for the independent verification of complicated mathematical results.

Type theory has good computational properties: carefully designed proofs can be executed as algorithms on a computer. To preserve this, new axioms should also be given a computational interpretation. This is the first objective of our project. 

Homotopy theory is a branch of algebraic topology studying so-called homotopies, the deformations of one function into another. This gives rise to a notion of homotopy equivalence of spaces, and the homotopy type of a space is its class modulo homotopy equivalence.

Homotopy type theory emerged in recent years as a surprising 
interdisciplinary connection between computer science, logic and mathematics. The fundamental innovation is the interpretation of a type as a topological space, instead of as a set, which has been the traditional interpretation. The new connection is a happy marriage: type theory is valid under the interpretation of a type as a homotopy type. Both sides benefit from the connection. In type theory, the new interpretation introduces a new concept of equality, namely that of homotopies and homotopy equivalence. This gave rise to the new Univalence Axiom and other innovations, such as higher inductive types. In homotopy theory one gets a new methodology for building the theory from (new) first principles, called the "synthetic" approach. This comes with new insights and new possibilities, such as computing with formal proofs. Therefore our second main objective is to apply this new methodology to coherence and K-theory.

Computational Aspects of Univalence

Zhang, Jianjun kinesisk spes 2007

Innenfor formallogikken blir naturlige kondisjonaler erstattet med materiale kondisjonaler. Denne erstatningen ivaretar ikke det sannhetsrelevante meningsinnholdet i de opprinnelige uttrykkene. Dette får konsekvenser både for sannheten til de formaliserte  uttrykkene og for gyldigheten til de formaliserte argumentene som inneholder kondisjonaler. Mange løsningsforslag mislykkes fordi de ikke tar hensyn til at den semantiske sammenhengen mellom antesedent og konsekvent er essensiell for naturlige kondisjona ler, og fordi en tror at det er mulig å kalkulere sannhetsverdien til en naturlig kondisjonal ut fra sannhetsverdiene til antesedenten og konsekventen tatt hver for seg. 
Prosjekt skal undersøke ulike meningsnivåer i en kondisjonal, og også i andre konnek tiver, for å se hvorvidt det er mulig å finne en alternativ formalisering som ivaretar både disse meningsnivåene og det sannhetsrelevante innholdet i de språklige uttrykkene. Skillet mellom semantikk og pragmatikk blir her et viktig undersøkelsesområde. S lik formallogikken fungerer i dag, behandler den pragmatiske aspekter ved språket som ikke sannhetsrelevante, noe prosjektet vil forsøke å vise hverken er riktig eller nødvendig. Prosjektets tilnærming er å benytte den forskning som alt er gjort på område t, for å forsøke å kombinere ulike etablerte resultater med prosjektets teser og resultater.

0 projects

IKTPLUSS-IKT og digital innovasjon

AI-Based Scenario Management for Cyber Range Training

Awarded: NOK 12.0 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2025

Location: Oslo

ISPNATTEK-ISP - naturvit. og teknologi

Computational Aspects of Univalence

Awarded: NOK 8.6 mill.

Project Period: 2015-2020

Location: Vestland

IS-NAD-Samarbeid med NORAD-land

Zhang, Jianjun kinesisk spes 2007

Awarded: NOK 13,740

Project Period: 2007-2007

Location: Oslo

HUM-Fagkomiteen for humaniora

A semantic analysis of levels of meaning as a strategy for solving the problems of conditionals

Awarded: NOK 1.5 mill.

Project Period: 2001-2004

Location: Troms - Romsa - Tromssa