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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på år

Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra SSF-Svalbard Science Forum fordelt på fagområde

Masters student

The term "hunger gap" (no: “vårknipa”) traditionally used in agricultural communities, refers to the period at the end of winter when winter provisions are depleting, yet the growing season has not yet started. In contemporary usage, the term also describes the food situation for wild animals, which may encounter challenging conditions at the end of winter. This situation is particularly pronounced in the Arctic, where the Svalbard reindeer is awaiting new plant growth after an eight-month-long winter. The limited winter food supply has prompted various morphological, physiological, and behavioral adaptations to conserve energy, crucial for overcoming the "hunger gap". The aim of my thesis is to investigate annual and individual variation in what ends the “hunger gap” for reindeer. I will utilize a dataset of activity and heart rate monitoring of ca 50 GPS-marked female Svalbard reindeer. In these data there is a very rapid increase in activity and heart rate from a “winter mode” to “summer mode”, a signal I define as the end of the “hunger gap”. I hypothesize a relatively large annual variation in the date of this switch, cause by annual variation in snow melt, spring temperatures and plant growth. On the individual level I will investigate the effect of body condition, age and reproductive status on the date of the “end of hunger gap” signal. I will be provided with activity and heart rate data from my supervisor, and will myself collect the required data on ground spring temperatures and calf at heel status together with a field assistant in august 2024.

From winter time to summer time – what ends the "hunger gap" for Svalbard reindeer?

Etterspørselen etter kjøtt øker i hele verden, og fremmer stadig mer intensivert husdyrproduksjon. Samtidig er det behov for å sikre en bærekraftig produksjon med god dyrevelferd. Det har vært en økende samfunnsinteresse for måten husdyrhold blir drevet, hvor maten stammer fra og hvordan den produseres. Forbrukervaner påvirkes av klimaendringer, globalisering, kulturelle endringer og bruk av sosiale medier. Slaktekyllingproduksjon oppfattes av forbrukerne som den mest industrialiserte og intensive husdyrproduksjonen, og dermed også som den produksjonen med dårligst dyrevelferd. Balansen mellom dyrevelferd og en bærekraftig produksjon blir stadig viktigere i en verden med en raskt voksende befolkning.
For å kunne vurdere dyrevelferd må man ikke bare ta hensyn til fravær av lidelse, men også tegn på god velferd ved å studere dyrenes positive preferanser. Målet med dette prosjektet er å tilby evidensbaserte verktøy for å vurdere og overvåke dyrevelferd hos medium saktevoksende slaktekyllinger. Ved å bruke allerede eksisterende data og tradisjonelle parametere for slaktekylling og velferd, vil vi vurdere forskjellen mellom hurtigvoksende og medium saktevoksende slaktekyllinger hos de samme bøndene. Vi vil kvantifisere endringer i velferdsparametere gjennom en overgang fra en hurtigvoksende til en medium saktevoksende slaktekylling. Videre vil nye tilnærminger til velferdsvurderinger bli undersøkt; evaluering av kamerateknologi vil bli utført for å vurdere om et kamera kan brukes til å registrere parametere som dyreflyt, ganglag og andre tradisjonelle velferdsindikatorer, samt positive velferdsindikatorer som aktivitetsnivå, bruk av miljøberikelse og lekatferd. I den siste studien av prosjektet vil resultatene fra sensorregistreringer i 60 grupper av slaktekyllinger fra forskjellige gårder bli sammenlignet med tradisjonelle opptak for å vurdere sammenhenger mellom dyrevelferd og produksjon samt helseregistreringer.

The worldwide demand for meat is growing, forcing increasingly intensive livestock production systems. At the same time, there is a need to retain a sustainable production with good animal welfare. There has been a growing societal interest for the way animals are reared, where the food originates from and how it is produced. Consumer habits are affected by climate changes, globalisation, cultural changes and the use of social media. Broiler chicken production is perceived by consumers as the most industrialised and intensive type of farming and therefore providing low animal welfare. The balance between animal welfare and a sustainable production is increasingly important in a world with a rapidly growing population. 
To be able to assess animal welfare one must take into consideration not only the absence of suffering, but also the indicators of good welfare by studying positive preferences by the animals. The aim of this project is to provide evidence-based tools to assess and monitor animal welfare in medium-slow growing broilers. By using routinely recorded data and traditional parameters for broiler health and welfare, we will assess the differences between fast and medium slow growing broilers in the same holdings. We will quantify the change in welfare parameters during a transition from a fast growing to a slower growing broiler. Furthermore, novel approaches to welfare assessments will be investigated;  evaluation of camera technology will be performed to assess if a camera can be used to register parameters like animal flow, gait score, and other traditional welfare indicators, as well as positive welfare indicators like activity level, the use of environmental enrichments and play behaviour. In the last study of the project results from sensor registrations in 60 groups of broilers from different farms will be compared to traditional recordings to determine associations between the animal welfare and production and health records.

BWell – assessment of Broiler Welfare in a medium-slow growing hybrid

«Reinere kyllingslakt» skal finne effektive hygienetiltak langs verdikjeden for å øke biosikkerheten og redusere bakterienivået hos fjørfeslakt. Det vil gi mindre svinn og reduserte kostnader hos slakteri grunnet færre kassasjoner av slakt og bidra til lengre holdbarhetstider på fjørfeproduktene og dermed mindre matsvinn i butikk og hos forbruker. 
Prosjektet har tre arbeidspakker som omfatter tiltak på gård, transport av kylling og slakteprosess. På gård er fokus å bygge effektive hygienebarrierer for å hindre at smittestoff kommer inn i flokken. Det er utarbeidet protokoll for Hygienisk Regnskap Gård med datainnsamling og denne er testet hos utvalgte produsenter. I 2022 er er resultater fra Hygienisk Regnskap Gård bearbeidet og det er funnet noen områder innen biosikkerhet det bør jobbes mer med for å øke smittevern på gård. Insektsnett er utprøvd hos et utvalg produsenter i 2022 i henhold til planer. Resultater etter bruk av insektsnett vil bli evaluert. 
Dårlig rengjorte transport-containere for levende fjørfe er et kjent problem i bransjen. Dette representerer en risiko for å spre smittestoff mellom gårder. Det ble i 2019 gjort endringer i vaskerutiner av transportcontainere og effekten av disse endringene var en forbedret hygiene og reinere transportcontainere. Norsk Kylling har i 2021 etablert seg i nye fabrikklokaler der vaskerutiner for transportcontainere er oppgradert med nytt system.
På slakteri er det gjennomført en kartlegging av bakterienivå langs slaktelinja, for å finne hvilke typer bakterier som tilføres og fjernes ved ulike behandlinger (prosesstrinn). Det er publisert en vitenskapelig artikkel om bakteriedynamikk langs slaktelinja. Videre er en studie om sammenligning av prøvetakingsmetoder for å gjenfinne forurensing på kyllingslakt  gjennomført og resultater er publisert i 2020. En hurtigtest for Campylobacter er brukt på prøver fra gård og resultater er sammenlignet med PCR-resultater for samme prøver, for å kunne vurdere hurtigtestens egenskaper for påvisning av  Campylobacter. Resultater etter testing av hurtigmetodikk er publisert i henhold til prosjektplanen. Testing av dekontamineringsmetoder med bruk av varmtvann er gjennomført i 2002 og resultater skal bearbeides og skrives sammen. Det planlegges å gjennomføre en kost-nytte analyse basert på funn fra dekontamineringsforsøket der en skal. se på mulighet for todelt varestrøm slik at risikoslakt som normalt vil bli kassert på grunn av fekal forurensing, skal dekontamineres og brukes i videre matproduksjon.
Det har vært møtevirksomhet i prosjektet som planlagt med stor aktivitet i arbeidspakkene. I tillegg er det informert om prosjektet og knyttet relevante nettverk på digitale kongresser og konferanser.

«Reinere kyllingslakt» skal finne effektive hygienetiltak langs verdikjeden for å øke biosikkerheten og redusere bakterienivået hos fjørfeslakt. Det vil gi mindre svinn og reduserte kostnader hos slakteri grunnet færre kassasjoner av slakt og bidra til lengre holdbarhetstider på fjørfeproduktene og dermed mindre matsvinn i butikk og hos forbruker. Forekomsten av sykdomsfremkallende bakterier som Campylobacter er lav i Norge sammenlignet med EU og andre land, men utgjør likevel en sykdomsrisiko for norske forbrukere.   
På gård er fokus å bygge effektive hygienebarrierer for å hindre at smittestoff kommer inn i flokken. Det skal utarbeides protokoll for "Hygienisk regnskap gård" med datainnsamling. I en case-control studie sammenlignes besetninger med og uten Campylobacter-smitte. Ulike insektnett, drikkevannskvalitet og ventilasjon undersøkes spesielt.
Dårlig reingjorte transport-containere for levende fjørfe er et kjent problem i bransjen. Dette representerer en risiko for å spre smittestoff mellom gårder. Det skal utformes bedre metoder for rengjøring av containere. 
På slakteri gjennomføres en kartlegging av bakterienivå langs slaktelinja, for å finne hvilke typer bakterier som tilføres og fjerne ved ulike behandlinger. Det skal undersøkes en ny metode for hurtigtesting av Campylobacter. Testing av dekontamineringsmetoder med bruk av varmtvann eller damp skal finne skjæringspunktet mellom bakteriedrap og kjøttkvalitet og denne informasjonen skal inngå i en kost-nytte analyse.  Erfaringene fra dekontamineringsforsøkene kan brukes i planlegging av todelt varestrøm, slik at risikoslakt som normalt vil bli kassert på grunn av fekal forurensing, skal dekontamineres og brukes i videre matproduksjon.

0 projects

NAERINGSPH-Nærings-phd

BWell – assessment of Broiler Welfare in a medium-slow growing hybrid

Awarded: NOK 1.8 mill.

Project Period: 2021-2024

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage

FFL-JA-Forskningsmidlene for jordbruk og matindustri

Reinere kyllingslakt

Awarded: NOK 0.18 mill.

Project Period: 2019-2022

Location: Trøndelag - Trööndelage