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Algebraic Theory of Information Quantities

Information theory is a discipline at the intersection of statistics, engineering and computer science. As the study of information quantities, such as compression or communication capacities, information content or measures of statistical dependency, it is one of the theoretical underpinnings of data science.

Computational problems in information theory are highly non-linear. The goal of this project is to transfer state-of-the-art methods of computational non-linear algebra to information theory, to study the inherent algebraic complexity of information-theoretical problems and to provide tools for solving them in practice. The algebraic point of view has proven to be fruitful in seemingly unrelated areas, as witnessed by a surge of recent work in algebraic statistics, in particular on likelihood geometry. However, maximizing the likelihood function is the same as minimizing relative entropy — a specific information quantity. Hence, this project also aims at generalizing the techniques developed in likelihood geometry.

One focus is on the practical computation of information quantities using numerical and differential algebraic geometry. Such quantities are defined via non-linear optimization problems and we aim to pinpoint the algebraic complexity of these problems in instances of general interest, such as common information measures. The final objective is finding fundamental laws and limits of data science imposed by non-linear inequalities constraining the entropic region. These inequalities provide, by duality, universal bounds for many of the optimization problems studied in information theory.

WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM)

Wheelchair users (WCU) are three to five times more inactive than the general population, leading to a high risk of developing preventable secondary conditions. Although physical activity (PA) guidelines have been specifically developed for WCU, we lack systematic approaches to implement them in practice, as well as valid algorithms to monitor PA change in WCU through sensor-based solutions. Accordingly, the overall scientific aim of the WHeelchair Activity Monitoring project (WHAM) is to advance PA research and practice in WCU by developing valid digital markers for monitoring of and providing feedback on PA, paving the way for implementation and intervention. I will accomplish this through combining the complementary research fields of 1) behavioural intervention studies focusing on increasing PA in WCU (core competence University of British Columbia, UBC; outgoing phase) and 2) sensor-based PA monitoring (core competence Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU; returning phase – consolidated by non-academic placement at Maastricht Instruments, which develop research prototypes including PA monitors). WHAM’s scientific aim is achieved through three objectives: 1) Measure the effect of a pragmatic exercise intervention trial on self-reported physical activity levels and cardio-respiratory fitness, 2) Develop valid algorithms for tracking PA markers in WCU, and 3) Co-create a framework that outlines how PA can be conjointly monitored and provided feedback on in WCU. This fellowship will enable me to become established as an internationally recognized researcher in the field of “physical activity and disability”, while bringing together ongoing national disjointed research activities in this field. Altogether, my overall ambition is to contribute to reducing inequalities in daily-life participation among WCU compared to the rest of the population.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

Engineering carbon quantum dots for zinc ion hybrid capacitors

Zinc ion hybrid capacitors (ZIHCs) integrate two energy storage mechanisms of battery-type electrode and capacitive electrode, bearing the advantages in energy density, power density, and safety. Until now, the cycle retention rate of ZIHC's capacity reported is still not more than 80%, restricting its development and commercial application severely. Focusing on the issue, the project aims at overcoming the limitation of traditional electrode materials and re-defining the designing concept to construct Carbon Quantum Dots (C-QDs) for ZIHCs. Advanced methods will be used to harvest carbon quantum dots from coal tar pitch (a sort of industrial solid castoff). The bulk sp2-carbon network, innumerable edge sites, profuse surface functional groups, and regular size ensures that as-synthesis C-QDs have high electrical conductivity, sufficient ion transport channels and rich adsorption sites. Moreover, the new concept of dynamic evolution is introduced for insight into the structure and interface failure of ZIHC's electrode. The interface-reconstruction mechanism and the attenuation model of capacity will be established for the first time. Further, the methods to strengthen structures of C-QD electrode will be developed based on a trade-off strategy. The ultimate goal is to improve the energy storage efficiency of ZIHCs by 20% and to increase their cycle performance more than 95% unprecedentedly. This research will develop long-running high performance ZIHCs, for contributing European energy storage industry. The ER will achieve abundant research experience and scientific skills from the project and the capability to launch her own research group in future.

IMProving User experience, Long-term sustainability and Services of EU-OPENSCREEN

EU-OPENSCREEN (EU-OS), the distributed European Research Infrastructure for Chemical Biology and early drug discovery, provides world-class services in high-throughput compound screening and medicinal chemistry to users from academia and industry. As one of the largest open-access initiative globally, EU-OPENSCREEN plays an increasingly important role in facilitating early stage drug discovery in Europe. It recently integrated fragment-based drug discovery and chemoproteomics as two new services, but the increasing complexity of modern drug discovery projects requires an even more comprehensive portfolio and integration of emerging technologies. To ensure that EU-OS continues to offer a comprehensive suite of relevant services and support a growing user community to conduct forefront research, IMPULSE will develop, validate and integrate new services in AI/ML, new chemical modalities, and innovative disease-relevant cell models combined with CRISPR-Cas9/RNAi-based genetic screening. IMPULSE will work towards the implementation of common operational and data standards to increase data reproducibility and FAIRness. Bespoke outreach and training activities will raise awareness among key user groups of its new services and advance operational excellence and reproducibility in pre-clinical drug discovery. New models for pre-competitive drug discovery with industry or charities, and growing ERIC member community will reinforce the sustainability and accessibility of EU-OPENSCREEN.

Aqua Research Infrastructure Services for the health and protection of our unique, oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems

AQUARIUS will provide a highly comprehensive suite of integrated research infrastructures appropriate to addressing significant challenges for the long-term sustainability of our unique oceans, seas and freshwater ecosystems. For the first time, diverse research infrastructures will be combined to facilitate the work of researchers and key stakeholders focused on challenges and opportunities for both marine and freshwater systems. An impressive range of 57 research infrastructure services will be made available to include research vessels, mobile marine observation platforms, aircraft,  drones, satellite, sensors, fixed freshwater and marine observatories and test sites, experimental facilities, and sophisticated data infrastructures. AQUARIUS will support the development phase of the EU Mission to Restore our Ocean and waters by 2030, the Sustainable Blue Economy Partnership, the European Green Deal, and international climate initiatives. It will also be an essential component in achieving the European Digital Twin of the Ocean and the UN Decade for Ocean Sciences. The needs of researchers will be met through a robust and transparent system of transnational access funding Calls, facilitated by centralised user-friendly access portal. The Call programme will be informed through stakeholder engagement and brokerage events. Projects to be selected for Access must convincingly integrate multiple infrastructures and contribute to the core policy objectives of Mission Ocean, that is, to protect and restore marine and freshwater ecosystems and biodiversity; to prevent and eliminate pollution of our oceans, seas and waters; and to ensure a sustainable, carbon-neutral and circular blue economy. A thematic and geographic focus will be the hallmark of the proposed transnational Calls, aligning with the Lighthouse Regions, that is, the Baltic and the North Sea Basins, Black Sea, Atlantic/Arctic, and Mediterranean Sea along with their associated rivers.

EOSC-ENTRUST: A European Network of TRUSTed research environments

The mission of EOSC-ENTRUST is to create a European network of trusted research environments for sensitive data and to drive European interoperability by joint development of a common blueprint for federated data access and analysis. 
Countries and institutions have made significant investments in secure and trusted data environments to meet the need for research and policy-driven analysis of sensitive datasets such as people's health and socio-economic status, the habitats of vulnerable species and geo-spatial locations of protected sites. There are now a large number of such secure environments in operation - linked to national centres, individual organisations or specific research communities. This fragmented landscape poses challenges for both users and providers: researchers are faced with a large number of different systems and access procedures; providers need to manage federated access across multiple, potentially incompatible, technology and governance frameworks.
EOSC-ENTRUST brings together providers of operational Trusted Research Environments from 15 European countries with a shared goal to implement, validate and promote their capabilities through a common European framework using shared standards and common legal, operational and technical language. This blueprint for interoperability is anchored in the EOSC Interoperability Framework spanning the four dimensions of Legal, Organisational, Technical and Semantic interoperability. EOSC-ENTRUST has identified four driver projects covering Genomics, Clinical trials, Social science, and public-private partnerships to benchmark capabilities, inform blueprint design and demonstrate secure  data analysis using federated workflows.
Targeted outreach activities will expand this open network with further providers and develop policy papers and guidelines for the full range of stakeholders to create a long-term operational TRE framework within the European Open Science Cloud.


Providing research infrastructure services to support Next Generation EU

This four-year project will harness outputs from key social science RIs in Europe and other reliable sources to support the aims of the ‘Next Generation EU’ programme and to inform EU youth policy. Virtual access will be provided to the outputs through special installations (portals) developed during the project. The core of the proposal is a set of existing research ‘services’, which will be re-purposed and customised to focus directly on the five themes: Make it Green; Make it Digital; Make it Healthy; Make it Strong; and Make it Equal. 

For each area, the consortium will work collaboratively to produce seven sets of resources:

i)	A searchable inventory of relevant variables drawn from multiple cross-national datasets; 

ii)	Analytical summaries, suitable for policy makers and analysts new to the field, as well as interactive resources available through the project portal;

iii)	Harmonised and merged extracts from these datasets that reduce the burden on analysts and increase sample sizes;

iv)	New data collected through the ESS’s established CRONOS web panel infrastructure. Eleven countries will field five waves of the panel, each one dedicated to a NextGenEU theme. Free and rapid access to the data will be available through the CRONOS portal alongside analytical summaries;

v)	In-person and virtual deliberative forums with young people (aged 18-34) in four countries covering the five Next Generation EU’ themes;

vi)	An educational tool (E-NextGen) channelling our data for use in classrooms and by the general public;

vii)	Comprehensive training materials related to all project outputs.


Establishing Rhodomonas culture with a beneficial microbiome adapted for industrial production

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på år

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HAVBRUK2-Stort program for havbruksforskning fordelt på fagområde

Prosjektutviklingsleder

Som en av de største mikroalgeprodusentene i Norge, er CFEED med å tilby bærekraftige fôrløsninger gjennom sin produksjon av mikroalger og hoppekrepsen Acartia tonsa. Hoppekreps er en type små krepsdyr, som i naturen er viktige beitedyr for fisk, hval og andre krepsdyr. Hoppekrepsen CFEED produserer benyttes videre som fôr til blant annet torsk berggylte og havbrasme, hvor den gjennom a° øke vekst, overlevelse og forbedret fiskekvalitet er med å bedre fiskevelferden og produktiviteten. En stabil tilførsel av høykvalitets mikroalger er avgjørende for a° ha en hoppekrepsproduksjon av jevn og god kvalitet. Mikroalgeproduksjonen er derfor grunnpilaren i CFEEDs produksjonskjede. 

En mikroalgeproduksjon starter fra ørsmå volumer av en algekultur, og skaleres derfra gradvis opp til større og større enheter før den kan høstes i en industriell produksjon. Bakterier i algekulturen blir ofte regnet som kontaminering og noe uønsket, og bakteriene kan påvirke veksten av algeceller negativt og føre til uventet kollaps av algekulturen. For industrielle aktører er en slik uforutsigbarhet utfordrende. Samtidig viser forskning at det finnes bakterier som fungerer motsatt, ved å promotere algevekst, stabilisere algekulturen og tilby fordeler i nedstrøms prosessering av mikroalgene. Å øke kunnskapen om hvordan man skaper et gunstig miljø og stabiliserer mikrobiomet (samlingen av mikroorganismer) fra småskala dyrking opp til industriell produksjon er derfor et viktig utviklingsområde for mikroalgeindustrien i Norge og resten av verden de kommende årene. 

Gjennom prosjektet MikRho ønsker CFEED, i samarbeid med Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi (NIBIO) og SINTEF Ocean, å styrke industriell satsing på mikroalger ved å bidra med økt kunnskap om interaksjonene mellom mikrobiomet og mikroalgen Rhodomonas. Kunnskapen skal benyttes til å etablere Rhodomonas-kulturer med gunstige bakteriesamfunn, økt vekstrate og stabilitet, samtidig som påvirkningen av dyrkingsteknologi og -forhold evalueres.

Som en av de største mikroalgeprodusentene i Norge, er CFEED med å tilby bærekraftige fôrløsninger gjennom sin produksjon av mikroalger og hoppekrepsen Acartia tonsa. Hoppekrepsen benyttes videre som startfôr til blant annet torsk, berggylte og seabream, hvor den er med å bedre utbyttet til fiskeprodusentene gjennom å øke vekst, overlevelse og å forbedre larvekvaliteten.

En stabil tilførsel av høykvalitets mikroalger er avgjørende for å ha en hoppekrepsproduksjon av jevn og god kvalitet, og mikroalgeproduksjonen er derfor grunnpilaren i CFEEDs produksjon. En av de store utfordringene for industriell mikroalgeproduksjon er mangelen på kontroll av mikrobiomet. Bakterier som gir redusert vekstrate eller kulturkollaps kan bidra til store økonomiske tap, mens et gunstig mikrobiom kan være med å stabilisere algekulturen og gi økt vekstrate. Å øke kunnskapen om hvordan man skaper et gunstig miljø og stabiliserer mikrobiomet fra småskala opp til industriell produksjon er derfor et viktig utviklingsområde for mikroalgeindustrien de kommende årene. MikRho ønsker å styrke industriell satsing på mikroalger ved å bidra med økt kunnskap på interaksjonen mellom mikrobiomet og mikroalgen Rhodomonas sp.
 
Sammen med NIBIO og SINTEF Ocean som FoU-leverandører, vil CFEED søke å etablere en stabil, reproduserbar mikroalgekultur optimalisert for industriell produksjon; med et gunstig mikrobiom, god næringssammensetning og økt vekstrate. Gjennom evaluering av algedyrkingsteknologi og etablering av protokoller for stabil oppskalering og drift i ny reaktorteknologi, vil prosjektet gi svar på kritiske spørsmål og utfordringer for CFEEDs etablering i ny fabrikk i 2026 og 2028. Resultatene fra MikRho vil dermed bidra til å sikre produksjonsstabilitet av hoppekreps, og gjøre at CFEED kan møte den voksende etterspørselen etter produkt i torske- og berggyltmarkedet, og fra markedet rundt Middelhavet.

Etablere Rhodomonas kultur med gunstig mikrobiom tilpasset industriell produksjon

To utfordringer i det moderne samfunnet har inspirert LaW-BALANCE: en aldrende befolkning og utvikling av nye former for organisering av arbeid. Møter arbeids- og sosialretten disse utfordringene? LAW-BALANCE skal analysere det juridiske rammeverket for et arbeidsliv i omstilling. Hvordan kan jussen brukes som virkemiddel for å oppnå et inkluderende arbeidsliv og en velfungerende velferdsstat?

Prosjektet sentrerer rundt konseptet "arbeid-liv-balanse", forstått som en persons tilfredshet med tilpasningen av arbeid og privatliv. En slik balanse er gunstig for arbeidstakernes helse og velvære, så vel som for arbeidsresultater. Det kan redusere sykefravær og turnover, og fremme de ansattes engasjement og prestasjoner.

To instrumenter spiller en viktig rolle for å oppnå balanse mellom arbeid og privatliv: fleksible arbeidsordninger og betalt permisjon. Til det første hører for eksempel muligheten for fjernarbeid, som reiser flere spørsmål: Hvor skal man trekke grensen mellom arbeid og privatsfære? Bør arbeidstakeren ha en eksplisitt rett til å "koble fra" utenfor arbeidstid? Og er arbeidstakere yrkesskadedekket når de jobber hjemmefra?

Det andre instrumentet omfatter rettigheter til betalt permisjon for foreldre og for andre omsorgspersoner. Befolkningen blir eldre, og behovet øker for ordninger som gjør det mulig for ansatte å ta seg av eldre pårørende. De demografiske endringene gjør det også nødvendig å tilpasse arbeidsforholdene til aldrende arbeidstakere, for eksempel ved arbeidstidsrettigheter. Prosjektet vil også se på vernet mot diskriminering ved krav og håndheving av disse rettighetene.

Gjennom dybdeanalyser av norsk arbeids- og sosialrett (inkludert studier av EU- og EØS-rettens innvirkning), kombinert med komparative juridiske analyser av utvalgte land i EU, vil LaW-BALANCE bryte ny mark og tilby en bedre forståelse av det juridiske rammeverket som regulerer det moderne arbeidslivet.

Nettsider: https://www.uib.no/jur/law-balance

An aging population and the development of new forms of organization of work raises challenges concerning whether labour and social law meet the needs of employees. A departure point for LaW-BALANCE is the desire to understand the current legal framework of working life in transition, and to explore the role of law as an instrument to achieve an inclusive working life and a well-functioning welfare state. The project centers around the concept of work-life balance, understood as an individual’s evaluation of their satisfaction with the fit of work and private life. A balance is beneficial to the health and the well-being of employees, as well as to work outcomes by reducing sickness absence and turnover and promote employee engagement and performance. LaW-BALANCE focuses on two key instruments related to work-life balance: flexible work arrangements and the availability of paid leave. The project will also look at the protection against discrimination when claiming and enforcing these rights. Through in-depth analyses of Norwegian labour and social law (incl. studies on the impact of EU and EEA law on the selected areas), combined with comparative legal analyses of selected countries in the EU, LaW-BALANCE will break new ground in providing a better understanding of the legal framework that regulates modern working-life.

Life and Work in Balance: Legal responses to working life in times of change and crisis (LaW-BALANCE)

The thesis in a nutshell:

The PhD-thesis I am writing at the Department of Private Law at the University of Oslo deals with legal protection against age discrimination in employment. The research is based on a comparative perspective by examining the leg al situation in Norway in comparison to the present legal situation in Germany. This concerns especially the transformation of European Union (EU) law at national level. The principle of non-discrimination on grounds of age, as it is a general principle o f EU primary law and concretizied in secondary EU law in Dir. 2000/78/EC, plays a fundamental role for the examination. One of the key issues is to analyse to what extent national regulations guarantee sufficient protection against age discrimination and  are in conformity with this principle. The main focus of the analysis rests on age discrimination in the end of workinglife and here particulary on the situation of older employees. Two set of rules are examined with regrad to their age discriminatory pot ential: provisions concerning dismissal protection and provisions concerning mandatory retirement. 

The topic is evaluated both from a comparative as well as a contextual and interdisciplinary angle. While the situation of older employees, in particular  concerning the legitimacy of mandatory retirement already has been discussed for a long time in gerontology, demography and economics, the fire has been fuelled on the legal side of the debate only since a few years. In particular the implementation of Di r. 2000/78/EC has contributed considerably to the development that the situation of older employees also came to the forefront of dicussions in labour law. Thus, empirical findings of neighbour disciplines are also of vital importance as they may contribu te to rebut some of the often-used arguments to justify and maintain mandatory retirement and dismissals based on having reached a fixed age and thus may in the end contribute to take age equality seriously.

0 projects

VAM-Velferd, arbeid og migrasjon

Life and Work in Balance: Legal responses to working life in times of change and crisis (LaW-BALANCE)

Awarded: NOK 10.0 mill.

Project Period: 2023-2028

Location: Vestland

IS-RURE-EONR-rettsvitenskap

Taking age equality seriously, Protection against age discrimination in employment, A comparative legal analysis between Norway and Germany

Awarded: NOK 37,000

Project Period: 2011-2011

Location: Oslo