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Renewable energy on the high seas – science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations for regulatory and governance challenges

The high seas are those marine areas under no State's jurisdiction. So far, all marine renewable energy (RE) activity is being conducted under State's jurisdiction. However, recent advances in technology are raising the prospect of carrying out RE activity on the high seas. Currently, only seabed mining activities in the Area have been regulated. The Area is the seabed and ocean floor beyond the limits of State's jurisdiction. From the legal viewpoint, the main gap is a lack of an international regulatory framework, informed by participatory mechanisms and supported by scientific evidence, for RE activities on the high seas, especially regarding their environmental and social impacts. 
The primary project objective (O) is to provide the scientific community and policymakers with science-informed and indigenous knowledge-based recommendations in support of the development of  RE regulation on the high seas. 
Two specific Os are set to complement the primary O, namely:
O1 To advance the use of systematic consultation processes that facilitates research at the crossroads of marine sciences and law. 
O2 To advance critical knowledge and understanding of environmental pressing issues comparable to the regulation of RE on the high seas, such as deep-sea mining in the Area.
A multistep innovative methodology will be adopted, by integrating marine scientific knowledge, consultative processes, and advanced critical research in the subject matter. A case study (interdisciplinary and participatory) involving marine scientists, indigenous and coastal communities and policy makers will be conducted onboard the Research Vessel KronPrins Haakon at the beginning of the project. The case study outcomes will be analysed through critical legal analysis to build a knowledge base for policy recommendations. 
The project will advance the PI’s career in an international research environment, allowing her to generate independent, high-quality, and reproducible results.




Optimization of Free Space Optical Communication Link based Drones for Search and Rescue Operations in the Arctic Region

The Arctic region is witnessing more frequent shipping accidents than ever which require accurate search and rescue operations. The existing communication systems use drones with radio frequency (RF) technology, which has limited bandwidth and cannot offer 4G/5G connectivity due to harsh weather constraints. It further limits the capacity of drones and affects the resolution of images and videos. The current research proposes to design free space optical communication (FSOC) link-based drones that can enhance connectivity between multiple drones and rescue ships as well as the capacity of drones to produce high resolution images and videos. The proposed FSOC-based drones can provide highspeed connectivity than the existing RF technology. The research will collect atmospheric turbulences data from the Arctic region and use it for designing the FSOC link. Furthermore, to enhance the capacity of FSOC-based drones, the research will design advanced multiplexing schemes (Mode Division Multiplexing and Orthogonal Code Division Multiple Access) and to ensure link stability, omnidirectional receiver will be designed. The research will further evaluate the performance of proposed FSOC link under the impact of various atmospheric turbulences. The expected outcomes of this research will lead to the optimisation of FSOC-based drones in expanding search areas and improving communication systems for SAR operations in the Arctic region.

Evaluation of thermohydraulic characteristic of printed circuit heat exchangers in pseudocritical region for supercritical CO2 cycle

Currently, 28.2% of the total EU-28 greenhouse gas emissions come from the power sector, a large contributor to greenhouse gas emissions. Consequently, the emphasis of the research in power generation has swung towards assessing highly efficient and greener power cycles. In this reference, the novel supercritical carbon dioxide Brayton cycle (sCO2-BC) is an ideal choice that outstrips other formally well-known power cycles (Brayton & Rankine cycles). In sCO2-BC, the role of the pre-cooler is critical. It serves as a sink to the power cycle and regulates the conditions at the compressor's inlet. The compressor's inlet temperature is intended to be maintained close to the critical temperature of carbon dioxide (CO2) to achieve greater cycle efficiencies. However, exceptionally higher values of the specific heat capacity of CO2 near its critical point (up to 40 times higher than water) require exceedingly high water flow rates on the cold side to achieve the desired exit temperatures of CO2. Consequently, the pre-cooler's pumping power requirements become high enough to deteriorate the cycle's performance. This problem can only be mitigated by exploring new channel geometries with enhanced thermohydraulic characteristics. Therefore, the proposed study plan to characterize the complex thermohydraulic characteristics in the pseudocritical region of CO2 using a multifaceted technique that includes, experimental, numerical, and machine learning techniques. The proposed work will provide a step forward to the success of sCO2-BC technologies that, in turn, will facilitate its integration with the green energy resources (generation-IV nuclear reactors and solar concentrated plants), helping to meet the EU's 2030 climate and energy framework goals of achieving at least 32% share for renewable energy.

Bilberry Ecology and the Regeneration of forest Ecosystem Functioning

Human impacts such as clearcut harvesting have left forests bereft of the organisms that underpin their functioning. The decline of key plant species has reduced the capacity of forests to store carbon (C) and provide ecosystem services to the people of Europe. The regeneration of forest ecosystem functioning requires a deeper understanding of how the traits of its species can be linked to ecosystem processes. The BEREFT project aims to elucidate how the plant traits of bilberry, Vaccinium myrtillus, modulate the dynamics of C and nitrogen (N) within the boreal forest. The project combines advances in chemical ecology with an innovative experimental design situated in Norway pairing experimental plots in formerly clearcut forest plantations with those from near-natural forests. I will collect a comprehensive set of bilberry's chemical traits and test both in-situ and in-vitro experiments to determine the underlying mechanism linking bilberry traits to C and N dynamics. The project goes beyond the state-of-the-art in applying novel methods from chemical ecology to measure bilberry's traits and uses a creative design to link those traits to ecosystem functioning. Through the scope of traits measured and the innovation in experimental design pairing clearcut forests with near-natural forests, this project will significantly advance our knowledge of the ecology of Europe's forest ecosystems. I will receive training in chemical ecology to advance my career as an expert in data generation and exchange with the host my knowledge on long-term ecological experimentation and ecosystem functioning. The project will disseminate deliverables in trait data packages, an open-source chemical ecology pipeline, and a robust measure of the effect size of bilberry's impact on C and N in the boreal forest. Knowledge of bilberry's role in the forest C cycle can be exploited by forestry managers in efforts to maximize C storage to meet the EU's goal of carbon neutrality.

EOSC Beyond: advancing innovation and collaboration for research

EOSC Beyond overall objective is to advance Open Science and innovation in research in the context of the European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) by providing new EOSC Core capabilities allowing scientific applications to find, compose and access multiple Open Science resources and offer them as integrated capabilities to researchers. To do so, EOSC Beyond supports a new concept of EOSC: a federated and integrated network of Nodes operated at different levels, national, regional, international and thematic, to serve the specific scientific missions of their stakeholders. Further specific objectives of the project are to accelerate ‘time to product’ of new scientific applications with software adapters, enable Open Science with machine composability and dynamic deployment of shared resources, support innovation in EOSC with a testing and integration environment, and align the EOSC Core architecture and specifications to integrate with European dataspaces. The project extends the state of the art of the EOSC Core and adopts a co-design methodology, including requirements elicitation, software development and validation in collaboration with different use cases from EOSC national and regional initiatives (e-Infra CZ, Czechia, NFDI, Germany, and NI4OS, South East Europe region), thematic research infrastructures from Social Sciences and Humanities (CESSDA), Life Sciences (CNB-CSIC and Instruct-ERIC), Environmental Science (ENES and LifeWatch), and Health and Food (METROFood-RI). EOSC Beyond builds on the capacities of prospective EOSC Nodes and partners with multi-annual experience in developing solutions for large-scale federated digital infrastructures and aligns with the technical architecture and requirements of data spaces from different business sectors. Ultimately, EOSC Beyond supports Open Science in modern, data-intensive, and multidisciplinary research, facilitating resource discovery, access, and reuse across scientific communities, organisations, and countries.


CULTUral heritage in RurAL remote areas for creative tourism and sustainabilITY

The main objective of the project is to contribute to the promotion of cultural and creative tourism activities, considering the different capacities, resources, and specificities (material, creative, human...) of the territories, as a mean to help with the sustainable development of peripheral rural areas, favoring job creation and population settlement. For this, the potential of its cultural heritage will be researched, taking into account both the artisan material culture (techniques, materials, patterns and decorative elements), as well as the intangible culture (music, oral knowledge and culinary traditions) as a resource.
 
To promote non-seasonal tourism as a form of sustainable development with a stable population settlement we are going to research the crafts linked to the territory and their implications, but we will also carry out a documentation of the productive processes. First and foremost, we are going to cater to the necessities of the local communities and pay attention to aspects related to societal groups at risk of exclusion, such as women, the elderly and the youth.

All this will be developed from a multidisciplinary perspective, for which we will count on the various teams —most of them linked to different countries— that will be part of the consortium. Each of these partners will contribute to the development, as well as to the final result of the project through input directly related to their area of ??expertise: for example, among the collaborators we have intellectual teams specialized in the digitalization of heritage, research, or communication and dissemination, as well as as various institutions that will act as a testing ground for the more practical parts of the proposal. However, if something will characterize our work, it will be the constant collaboration between all parties, as well as the exchange of advice and experiences that will help to enrich collective knowledge and guarantee optimal results.

AQUASERV – RESEARCH INFRASTRUCTURE SERVICES FOR SUSTAINABLE AQUACULTURE, FISHERIES AND THE BLUE ECONOMY

The overarching objectives of AQUASERV are to bring together, enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities (including facilities, instruments and expertise) and through the provision of transnational access (on-site or remote) and/or virtual access, to significantly further scientific advance and promote and facilitate the implementation of European Common Fisheries Policy, the Farm to Fork Strategy, the Sustainable Blue Economy and the European Green Deal. 

AQUASERV will achieve these objectives by offering scientists from academia and business remote and on-site transnational (TA) and virtual (VA) access to an advanced set of European research infrastructures and its nodes related to research and management of marine and freshwater biological resources, food and biotechnology. These include the European Marine Biological Resource Centre ERIC (EMBRC), the Analysis and Experimentation on Ecosystems ERIC, The Aquaculture for Excellence for Aquaculture in Fish (Aquaexcel), and the Infrastructure for Promoting Metrology in Food and Nutrition (METROFOOD), as well as the International Council for Exploration of the Sea, both a service provider and stakeholder. It also includes the Research Infrastructure for Science and Innovation Policy Studies (RISIS) to bring contributions from the social sciences and to bring results nearer to policy makers ensuring societal impact. 

To enhance, integrate and customise RI capacities, collaboration between partners and new pipelines to meet the objectives of the project will be developed during the first 3 years and will make available  to users.  To ensure these capacities will not be lost, a sustainability work package involving stakeholders will address the project legacy.  

To maximize impact, AQUASERV will build a communication network among the partnership and develop a dissemination and outreach programme. Furthermore, an advanced training programme will be developed to capture future users and will be updated during the p

Harmonization of Advanced Materials Ecosystems serving strategic Innovation Markets to pave the way to a Digital Materials & Product Passport

The overarching objective of DigiPass is to enhance the digital maturity of the European communities that develop materials and intermediate products. The project will develop recommendations and clear routes toward digitalized circular business models. The overarching key result of DigiPass is to create a sustainable platform which includes support for Digital Materials & Product Passport and for collaborative innovation-by-design processes in a circular economy served by advanced materials. A business model for operating such a platform completes the overarching objective.
DigiPass is harmonizing and synergizing collected materials data sources and digital infrastructures. This will enable interoperability of data exchange, and standardization of advanced materials knowledge representation at all maturity levels. Accelerating the design, development, and production of advanced, safe, and sustainable chemicals and materials, as they are necessary for innovative products, calls for a collaborative approach involving different stakeholders to support durability, repair and overhaul, reuse, and recyclability of products. DigiPass project impacts all materials development communities over the whole circular value chain. 


Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change risks

Adaptation to climate change requires in-depth understanding of climate change driven risks, including their determinants (hazards, exposure and vulnerabilities) and impacts to human, production and natural systems. Integrated Research Infrastructure Services for Climate Change Risks (IRISCC) is a consortium of diverse and complementary leading research infrastructures (RIs) covering disciplines from natural sciences to social sciences, across different domains and sectors. IRISCC provides scientific and knowledge services to foster cutting-edge research and evidence-based policymaking to improve Europe's resilience to climate change. IRISCC ensures a “one-stop-shop” for various user communities on climate change risk related RI services by setting up a dedicated Catalogue of services and related access management system both for granting transnational (onsite and remote) and offering virtual access. The Catalogue of services will be built through three consecutive releases, each delivering increasingly integrated services to its user communities. The IRISCC service integration will include Service Design Labs employing co-design and transdisciplinary action, and Service Demonstrators benchmarking the integrated cross-RI services. In addition to services aimed towards the scientific community, IRISCC will offer knowledge services aimed towards policymakers and other stakeholders. This is done together with risk management platforms. The research enabled by IRISCC contributes to future reports on climate change effects (IPCC, IPBES) as well as policy- and decision-making to meet the targets of climate adaptation strategies. IRISCC contributes to training a new generation of scientists to efficiently use RI services and for data stewardship. Data from IRISCC will be open and made available in compliance with FAIR principles and linked to European initiatives such as EOSC. Strong links will be created between IRISCC and current and future efforts under Horizon Europe.

Enhanced X(cross)-disciplinary Community-driven Imaging Technologies for Earth and Environmental material research

The EXCITE² Network is revolutionizing Earth and environmental material science research by consolidating a critical mass of 18 research facilities in 12 European and associated partner countries into a unified infrastructure and providing transnational access to advanced imaging technologies. This enables scientists to decipher complex processes within Earth materials at scales from nanometres to hundreds of centimetres, gaining unparalleled insight into the chemical and physical processes that govern, among others, environmental toxicity and its impact on human health, critical metal extraction for renewable energies, and the utilisation of Earth materials as long-term storage for climate-altering gases. The consortium fosters knowledge-sharing and talent attraction, bolstering the problem-solving capacity of the European Research Area. Moreover, EXCITE² is driving interdisciplinary collaboration and cross-fertilisation across academic institutions, scientific disciplines, and industry, propelling Europe towards a sustainable future. The initiative offers dedicated training programmes to a new generation of researchers within the European open science landscape, paired with access to world-class imaging facilities and expertise for problem-solving research and innovation. EXCITE² is introducing innovative service developments, such as artificial intelligence and leading-edge imaging experiments, to increase the user's problem-solving capacity. In addition, the consortium is implementing customised project valorisation strategies to maximize the impact of research outcomes in academia, society, and the economy. Citizen science projects allow the public to participate directly within the EXCITE² Network, contributing to solving EU challenges. As such, EXCITE² is paving the way towards a sustainable future, driving scientific excellence, and creating positive societal impact.

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Midlene fra HELSEVEL-Gode og effektive helse-, omsorgs- og velferdstjenester fordelt på år

Midlene fra HELSEVEL-Gode og effektive helse-, omsorgs- og velferdstjenester fordelt på fylker

Midlene fra HELSEVEL-Gode og effektive helse-, omsorgs- og velferdstjenester fordelt på fagområde

Senior Researcher

This project addresses the policy ambition of reducing compulsion of people with severe mental illness. Compulsion remains controversial, and it is not clear how public policy match the concerns of those subjected to compulsion and those who carry it out. As referrals for compulsion often comes from GPs or municipal services, an understanding of both primary and specialist levels of health and social care is needed to identify potential for reduction. There is significant variation in the use of compulsion across services and regions of Norway, which might indicate scope for reduction where prevalence is high. However, as the extent of service variation has not been fully established, and no analysis of how current compulsion levels correlate to population profiles exist, this remains unknown. Implementation of interventions aimed to reduce compulsion in hospital and in specialists out-patient services have shown positive outcomes. No such intervention has been developed or tested for the municipal setting nor tailored for the Norwegian service context.

In this study we aim to address these knowledge gaps. Five work packages seek to answer the following questions: 
-WP 1: How is the 'problem' of coercion represented in public policy, among service users and health professionals and how are the identified solutions aligned with current efforts to reduce it?
-WP2: What is the level of service variation in compulsion and what characterises services with high and low compulsion rates?
-WP 3: What are predictors for and effects of service variation in compulsion?
-WP 4: Can a tailored intervention at the municipal level reduce the rate of compulsion?
-WP5: What are the implications of findings in WP1-4 for the delivery of good quality, ethical services and how can this be implemented into services and education?

Progress, December 2022:
In work package 1 are conducting a systematic review of 250 international scientific articles on negative experiences with experiences of coercive treatment and the perspectives of service users on how to avoid these.

In work package 2 and 3 we use complete data on all use of compulsory care from the Norwegian Patient Registry 2014-19. So far, we have published three articles that show significant variation between catchment areas in the use of compulsory care. This has received considerable media attention, which demonstrates the public interest in this topic. Tore Hofstad will defend his PhD thesis on this topic at the University of Oslo in December 2022. 

In work package 4 we have, together with five Norwegian municipalities, co-created an intervention at the primary care level to reduce the number of referrals and admissions to compulsory care. The municipalities tested this out in a cluster-randomised controlled trial in 2021. Three articles are published, using data from a comprehensive preparatory mapping exercise conducted in the development of the interventjon, and these focus on what characterises pathways towards compulsion, and how those working in primary mental health care perceive the potential to reduce the use of compulsion. These formed the empirical basis for Irene Wormdahl’s PhD-thesis, which she successfully defenced in June 2022.

In work package 5, we have publioshed an article om ethical considerations surrounding geographic variation in the use of compulsory admissions.

All our publications are publically available through Open Access.

This project addresses the policy ambition of reducing compulsion of people with severe mental illness. Compulsion remains controversial, and it is not clear how public policy match the concerns of those subjected to compulsion and those who carry it out. As referrals for compulsion often comes from GPs or municipal services, an understanding of both primary and specialist levels of health and social care is needed to identify potential for reduction. There is significant variation in the use of compulsion across services and regions of Norway, which might indicate scope for reduction where prevalence is high. However, as the extent of service variation has not been fully established, and no analysis exits of how current compulsion levels correlate to population profiles, this remains unknown. Implementation of interventions aimed to reduce compulsion in hospital and in specialists out-patient services have shown positive outcomes. No such intervention has been developed or tested for the municipal setting nor tailored for the Norwegian service context.

In this study we aim to address these knowledge gaps. Five work packages seek to answer the following questions: 

-  WP 1: How is the 'problem' of coercion represented in public policy, among service users and health professionals and how are the identified solutions aligned with current efforts to reduce it?
-  WP2: What is the level of service variation in compulsion and what characterises services with high and low compulsion rates?
-  WP 3: What are population predictors for and effects of service variation in compulsion?
-  WP 4: Can a tailored intervention at the municipal level reduce the rate of compulsion?
-  WP5: What are the implications of findings in WP1-4 for the delivery of good quality, ethical services and how can this be implemented into services and education?

How can we reduce the use of compulsion of people with severe mental illness? A cross-sectoral, multi-methods study

Forskningen på hvordan Den europeiske union (EU) påvirker medlemsstatene har i senere år vært særlig opptatt av å beskrive de mange forbindelsene som oppstår i grenseflaten mellom nasjonale og overnasjonale beslutningsorganer. En rik litteratur beskriver hvordan nasjonale forvaltninger veves inn i en felleseuropeisk forvaltning hvor de delene av nasjonale sentralforvaltninger som iverksetter EU-relatert politikk utvikler tette koplinger til EUs utøvende organ ? EU-kommisjonen. I hvilken grad, og i så fall hvordan, det lokale og regionale styringsnivået påvirkes av tilsvarende «oppkoplingsprosesser» har imidlertid blitt langt mindre studert. Tatt i betraktning at lokale og regionale myndigheter har ansvar for å iverksette politikk som har sitt opphav i nasjonale tilpasninger til EU-regelverk, er det naturlig å spørre seg om også kommunene kan sies å være del av en slik  felleseuropeisk forvaltning. I MIMAS tar vi utgangspunkt i norske og svenske kommuners arbeid med iverksetting av EU-relatert regelverk, med et særlig fokus på to politikkområder - offentlig innkjøp og miljøvern - for å belyse denne problematikken. Med utgangspunkt i juridiske og statsvitenskapelige analytiske rammer kartlegger vi hvordan EU-relatert regelverk inneholder føringer på organisering og arbeidsprosesser på lokalt nivå. Ved hjelp av spørreskjemaundersøkelser og casestudier blant kommunebyråkrater belyser vi så hvordan også lokalforvaltninger veves inn i nettverk over og utenfor nasjonalstaten, med de implikasjoner dette kan få både for lokalnivåets autonomi men også for hvordan vi kan forstå utviklingen av EU som en transnasjonal flernivå-administrativ forvaltningsorden.

The project deals with current developments in the EU multilevel union administration, in which administrative bodies located across different levels of governance are becoming increasingly interlinked in the implementation and application of EU legislation. A key finding has been that the relevant national actors are becoming "double-hatted", serving both national and supranational principals. Although subnational authorities have been at the center of much research on EU multilevel governance the last decades, the ground-level practices and implications of their embedding into EU multilevel structures are scantly understood, despite the fact that municipalities are increasingly involved in the implementation and practicing of EU legislation. This project aims at developing new knowledge regarding how municipal authorities implement, coordinate and practice EU legislation. It links vertical implementation studies to horizontal impacts by illuminating how European multilevel administration relates to and affects municipal autonomy and local government. Based on a comparative study of municipalities in two countries - Norway and Sweden - and two sectors - public procurement and environmental/climate policy, the project aims to examine to what extent, how and why, municipalities are organized into a multilevel union administration. We ask how they practice EU legislation, how they coordinate betwen municipal, national and EU principals and how the potential embedding into a multilevel union administration impact on local autonomy and the territorial structure and coherence of municipalities, as well as the nation-state. Combining political science and legal perspectives, the project employs both qualitative and quantitative methods in order to elucidate the role and function of municipalities in the EU multilevel administration.

Municipalities in the European Multilevel Union Administration: Towards Multi-Hatted Local Governments?

My post-doctoral project draws on my previous PhD-research on the emergence and functioning of transnational regulatory networks. The post-doctoral project will further illuminate how transnational regulatory networks impact on the bureaucratic autonomy o f national regulatory agencies, focusing in particular on Norwegian regulatory agencies and their participation in European and international regulatory networks. A chief purpose of the project is to develop further a "departmental processes" perspective  on regulatory agencies, emphasizing a view of regulatory agencies as capable of developing a semi-independent role of their own after being delegated key competences, i.e. beyond what may have been expected from delegating governments. Transnational netwo rks, in this perspective, may be a factor that enables them to develop this role. They may also, however, expose them to new constraints. These are all factors that I investigate in my post-doctoral project, of which my Ruhrgas-application concerns a surv ey-based cross-sectoral analysis of Norwegian regulatory agencies.

0 projects

DEMOS-Demokratisk og effektiv styring, planlegging og forvaltning

Municipalities in the European Multilevel Union Administration: Towards Multi-Hatted Local Governments?

Awarded: NOK 9.0 mill.

Project Period: 2020-2024

Location: Oslo

IS-RUST-EONR-statsvitenskap

"Regulating regulatory interdependencies - a departmental processes approach"

Awarded: NOK 90,000

Project Period: 2014-2014

Location: Ukjent Fylke